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Lan L, Li G, Mehmood MS, Xu T, Wang W, Nie Q. Investigating the spatiotemporal characteristics and medical response during the initial COVID-19 epidemic in six Chinese cities. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7065. [PMID: 38528001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In the future, novel and highly pathogenic viruses may re-emerge, leading to a surge in healthcare demand. It is essential for urban epidemic control to investigate different cities' spatiotemporal spread characteristics and medical carrying capacity during the early stages of COVID-19. This study employed textual analysis, mathematical statistics, and spatial analysis methods to examine the situation in six highly affected Chinese cities. The findings reveal that these cities experienced three phases during the initial outbreak of COVID-19: "unknown-origin incubation", "Wuhan-related outbreak", and "local exposure outbreak". Cities with a high number of confirmed cases exhibited a multicore pattern, while those with fewer cases displayed a single-core pattern. The cores were distributed hierarchically in the central built-up areas of cities' economic, political, or transportation centers. The radii of these cores shrank as the central built-up area's level decreased, indicating a hierarchical decay and a core-edge structure. It suggests that decentralized built environments (non-clustered economies and populations) are less likely to facilitate large-scale epidemic clusters. Additionally, the deployment of designated hospitals in these cities was consistent with the spatial distribution of the epidemic; however, their carrying capacity requires urgent improvement. Ultimately, the essence of prevention and control is the governance of human activities and the efficient management of limited resources about individuals, places, and materials through leveraging IT and GIS technologies to address supply-demand contradictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lan
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
| | - Muhammad Sajid Mehmood
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Natural Resources Bureau of Shuocheng District, Shuozhou, 036000, Shanxi, China
| | - Qifan Nie
- Alabama Transportation Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0288, USA
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Mehmood MS, Rehman A, Sajjad M, Song J, Zafar Z, Shiyan Z, Yaochen Q. Evaluating land use/cover change associations with urban surface temperature via machine learning and spatial modeling: Past trends and future simulations in Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1115074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
While urbanization puts lots of pressure on green areas, the transition of green-to-grey surfaces under land use land cover change is directly related to increased land surface temperature–compromising livability and comfort in cities due to the heat island effect. In this context, we evaluate historical and future associations between land use land cover changes and land surface temperature in Dera Ghazi Khan–one of the top cities in Pakistan–using multi-temporal Landsat data over two decades (2002–2022). After assessing current land use changes and future predictions, their impact on land surface temperature and urban heat island effect is measured using machine learning via Multi-Layer Perceptron-Markov Chain, Artificial Neural Network and Cellular Automata. Significant changes in land use land cover were observed in the last two decades. The built-up area expanded greatly (874 ha) while agriculture land (−687 ha) and barren land (−253 ha) show decreasing trend. The water bodies were found the lowest changes (57 ha) and vegetation cover got the largest proportion in all the years. This green-grey conversion in the last two decades (8.7%) and prospect along the main corridors show the gravity of unplanned urban growth at the cost of vegetation and agricultural land (−6.8%). The land surface temperature and urban heat island effect shows a strong positive correlation between urbanization and vegetation removal. The simulation results presented in this study confirm that by 2032, the city will face a 5° C high mean temperature based on historical patterns, which could potentially lead to more challenges associated with urban heat island if no appropriate measures are taken. It is expected that due to land cover changes by 2032, ~60% of urban and peri-urban areas will experience very hot to hot temperatures (> 31.5°C). Our results provide baseline information to urban managers and planners to understand the increasing trends of land surface temperature in response to land cover changes. The study is important for urban resource management, sustainable development policies, and actions to mitigate the heat island effect. It will further asset the broader audience to understand the impact of land use land cover changes on the land surface temperature and urban heat island effect in the light of historic pattern and machine learning approach.
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Sattar RS, Mehmood MS, Raza MH, Wijeratne VPIS, Shahbaz B. Evaluating adoption of climate smart agricultural practices among farmers in the Fujian Province, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:45331-45341. [PMID: 36702985 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25480-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the adaptation level of climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices among the farmers and the factors influencing the adoption of CSA practices in the Fujian Province, China. In this study, questionnaire survey data was analyzed, and 600 respondents were randomly selected as sample through randomly sampling technique. Descriptive statistics, adoption level index (ALI), and binary logit model were used for data analyses. These results indicated a moderate adoption level of CSA practices in the Fujian Province. Use of improved varieties, conservation tillage, fallow cropping, new technology, and intercropping were prevalent CSA practices among the farmers in the study area. In addition, farmers were not very interested in using herbicides on their farmlands, and only 20% of the respondents used herbicides in the Fujian Province. Except for Nindge village in the Fujian Province, all other studied villages have adapted to using organic fertilizer (around 50% of total respondents). However, more than 60% of respondents have claimed they still use chemical weed/insect/disease control in their farmlands. Age and working experience of farmers were the most influencing factors affecting the increase in the adoption of CSA practices among the farmers, and to the results of the binary logit model, education was not significant. Landholding, loan access, and access to agricultural extensions and organizations considerably impacted the adoption level of CSA practices among the farmers in the Fujian Province. Finally, this study will be helpful to decision-makers to make appropriate decisions to minimize the impact of climate change on agriculture and improve the standard of human life and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Sabir Sattar
- Institute of Agricultural Extension, Education and Rural Development, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Muhammad Sajid Mehmood
- The College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China. .,Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center On Yellow River Civilization Jointly Built By Henan Province and Ministry of Education, Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China. .,Center for Computational Geography, The College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Muhammad Hammad Raza
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - V P I S Wijeratne
- Department of Geography, University of Colombo, Cumarathunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo, 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Babar Shahbaz
- Institute of Agricultural Extension, Education and Rural Development, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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Mehmood MS, Jin A, Rehman A, Ahamad MI, Li G. Spatial variability and accessibility of collection and delivery points in Nanjing, China. Comput Urban Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43762-022-00054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCollection and delivery points are an alternative to home delivery and represent an important opportunity to reduce delivery failures in urban areas. As online shopping has become increasingly popular, different accessibility modes such as walking, cycling, and driving are considered for the collection of parcels at collection and delivery points (CDPs). The primary objective of the present study was to assess the spatial variability and accessibility of CDPs in Nanjing City, China. The point of interest (POI) data of 1224 CDPs (including 424 China Post Stations and 800 Cainiao Stations), and population and gross domestic product data were employed for the spatial analysis. The results showed that China Post Stations and Cainiao Stations were distributed in Nanjing as clusters at α = 0.01. Both types (51.1% China Post Stations and 63.2% Cainiao Stations) of CDPs were aggregated in the high population density areas. Moreover, 28.0% of China Post Stations and 50.9% of Cainiao Stations were located in high GDP density areas. The overall spatial distribution of China Post Stations in population and GDP density areas was medium, while that of the Cainiao Stations was high. There was a significant correlation between the spatial distribution of the CDPs, population, and GDP. There were significant spatial accessibility differences to CDPs among different accessibility modes like walking, cycling, and driving. Walking and cycling mode accessibility to China Post Stations and Cainiao Stations were 13.8 and 25.3% and 9.2 and 28.9%, respectively while 71.8% of China Post Stations and 71.1% of Cainiao Stations were accessed by driving. The findings of this study would be beneficial for policymakers and practitioners to develop related policies, to assist companies in building up more sustainable urban logistics and a booming CDPs’ network in the future.
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Ur Rehman H, Ahmed S, Ur Rahman M, Mehmood MS. Arsenic contamination, induced symptoms, and health risk assessment in groundwater of Lahore, Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:49796-49807. [PMID: 35218488 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the arsenic concentration and related health risks in groundwater extracted from tube wells. The physicochemical parameters, including arsenic (As), were investigated using standard procedures. The parameters were found within the permissible limits except for arsenic, which was 78 µg/L. Unfortunately, 82% of the collected water samples were found contaminated with arsenic and exceeded the permissible limit set by the world health organization (10 µg/L). The water intake and its relationship between arsenic concentration, time, and induced symptoms in the study area residents were observed. Skin pigmentation, skin irritation, and numbness of the body were recognized as the major symptoms, and these symptoms were significantly correlated with p-value ˂ 0.05. In comparison, individuals who intake As-contaminated water (> 50 µg/L) for a duration of > 20 years show severe symptoms. Furthermore, health risk assessment associated with arsenic in terms of chronic daily intake (CRI), hazard quotient (HQ), and cancer risk assessment probability (CR) in groundwater was also studied. The HQ of arsenic was 7.46, and the CR value of As on Ravi road was as high as 0.00149, which indicates a possibility of cancer risk in the community Ravi road, Lahore. Based on the findings, the study area needs special monitoring and management of groundwater to reduce health risks associated with contaminated drinking water. Moreover, suitable remediation methods for removing arsenic should be adopted to avoid arsenic exposure and related health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Ur Rehman
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xian, 710027, China
- Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources, Main Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rahman
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xian, 710027, China
- Government College University Faisalabad, Sub-campus, Layyah, Pakistan
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Khan AR, Ditta A, Mehmood MS, MaoSheng Z, Natalia M. Determinants and implications of environmental practices for waste management and the minimization in the construction industry: a case study of Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:58221-58231. [PMID: 34110588 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14739-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The construction projects and activities generate waste materials, which impose negative impacts on the environment and contribute towards environmental degradation. In this regard, the implementation of environmental practices (EPs) can play a vital role in reducing the environmental risks associated with waste materials from construction projects. Based on this hypothesis, the present survey study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of different EPs in reducing environmental risks associated with waste materials from construction firms (n = 159) operating in Pakistan. Organizational and government support, regulatory pressure, and economic and environmental performance were among the main determinants of EPs studied in the present study. The partial least squares technique was used for the data collection, assessment, and prediction of the results based on the hypothesis testing for a range of determinants. Compose reliability analysis of determinants showed that all items gave a value of 0.7, which is a clear indication of the reliability of each determinant in the formation of the hypothesis. From all eight hypotheses, H1 (0.475), H4 (0.217), H6 (0.114), H7 (0.210), and H8 (0.149) hypotheses with size effect in parentheses were acceptable due to their positive construction with EPs, while H2, H3, and H5 hypothesis did not show the significant effect with size effect values lower than 0.1. The study demonstrated that current environmental regulations and governing bodies in Pakistan are not sufficiently effective and strict to implement environmental regulations. In this regard, regulatory pressure is necessary to promote EPs along with increasing stakeholders' awareness. Overall, the implementation of EPs not only prepares construction firms to deal with the pressure exerted by regulations and customers but also enhances the environmental and economic performance of construction firms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Riaz Khan
- Institute of Energy Transmission Technology and Application, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir (U), 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Muhammad Sajid Mehmood
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng MaoSheng
- Institute of Energy Transmission Technology and Application, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Maryam Natalia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Mehmood MS, Li G, Jin A, Rehman A, Wijeratne VPIS, Zafar Z, Khan AR, Khan FA. The spatial coupling effect between urban street network's centrality and collection & delivery points: A spatial design network analysis-based study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251093. [PMID: 33956877 PMCID: PMC8101733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The sustainable development of collection and delivery points and urban street network is an important consideration of logistic planners. Urban street networks have a significant impact on collection and delivery points’ location, but the spatial relationship between the centrality of urban street network and collection and delivery points has not been studied using spatial design network analysis. In a multiple centrality assessment model, we used point of interest and street network data to evaluate the location of two types of collection and delivery points and the centrality of streets in Nanjing city, based on four indicators: closeness, betweenness, severance, and efficiency. Then, kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation are used to study spatial patterns of distribution and centrality coupling effects of urban street network and collection and delivery points. The results show that the centrality of Nanjing streets has a big influence on the location of the collection and delivery points, and the directions of different types of centrality also vary. The location of the Cainiao Stations are largely related to closeness, followed by betweenness, severance, and efficiency. China Post Stations and street centrality have a weak correlation between efficiency and severance, but no correlation between closeness and betweenness. Our results can help logistics enterprises and urban planners to develop collection and delivery points’ network based on the urban street network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajid Mehmood
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
- * E-mail: (GL); (MSM)
| | - Gang Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
- * E-mail: (GL); (MSM)
| | - Annan Jin
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Adnanul Rehman
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - V. P. I. S. Wijeratne
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
- Department of Geography, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Zeeshan Zafar
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Ahsan Riaz Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Ali Khan
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
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Ahamad MI, Song J, Sun H, Wang X, Mehmood MS, Sajid M, Su P, Khan AJ. Contamination Level, Ecological Risk, and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in the Hyporheic Zone of the Weihe River, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17031070. [PMID: 32046204 PMCID: PMC7037357 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The sediment pollution caused by different metals has attracted a great deal of attention because of the toxicity, persistence, and bio-accumulation. This study focuses on heavy metals in the hyporheic sediment of the Weihe River, China. Contamination levels of metals were examined by using "geo-accumulation index, enrichment factor, and contamination factor" while ecological risk of metals were determined by "potential ecological risk and risk index." The pollutant accumulation of metals ranked as follows: "manganese (Mn) > chromium (Cr) > zinc (Zn) >copper (Cu) > nickel (Ni) > arsenic (As) > lead (Pb)". The geo-accumulation index identified arsenic as class 1 (uncontaminated to moderate contamination), whereas Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Pb, and Mn were classified as class 0 (uncontaminated). According to the enrichment factor, arsenic originated through anthropogenic activities and Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb were mainly controlled by natural sources. The contamination factor elucidated that sediments were moderately polluted by (As, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Pb), whereas Ni slightly contaminated the sediments of the Weihe River. All metals posed a low ecological risk in the study area. The risk index revealed that contribution of arsenic (53.43 %) was higher than half of the total risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan Ahamad
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China; (M.I.A.); (H.S.); (X.W.); (M.S.M.); (P.S.); (A.J.K.)
- Institute of Qinling Mountains, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Jinxi Song
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China; (M.I.A.); (H.S.); (X.W.); (M.S.M.); (P.S.); (A.J.K.)
- Institute of Qinling Mountains, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-29-8830-8596
| | - Haotian Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China; (M.I.A.); (H.S.); (X.W.); (M.S.M.); (P.S.); (A.J.K.)
- Institute of Qinling Mountains, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China; (M.I.A.); (H.S.); (X.W.); (M.S.M.); (P.S.); (A.J.K.)
- Institute of Qinling Mountains, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Muhammad Sajid Mehmood
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China; (M.I.A.); (H.S.); (X.W.); (M.S.M.); (P.S.); (A.J.K.)
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Ping Su
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China; (M.I.A.); (H.S.); (X.W.); (M.S.M.); (P.S.); (A.J.K.)
- Institute of Qinling Mountains, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Asif Jamal Khan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China; (M.I.A.); (H.S.); (X.W.); (M.S.M.); (P.S.); (A.J.K.)
- Institute of Qinling Mountains, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
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Razzaq S, Mehmood MS, Tahir TH, Masood T, Ghaffar S. Safety of the plastibell circumcision in neonates, infants, and older children. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2018; 12:10-13. [PMID: 30202402 PMCID: PMC6124829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to determine the safety of the Plastibell device (PD) circumcision in neonates, infants, and older children. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective, descriptive study was conducted in private clinics of district Poonch and district Sudhanuti Azad Kashmir, Pakistan, during the period from November 2014 to August 2017. Research was conducted in light of guidelines set by Helsinki declaration. Healthy male babies free of any clinical signs of illness and congenital anomaly were included in the study. The babies having weight <3 kg at the time of surgery were excluded from the study. The parents/guardian were explained about the procedure and informed consent was taken. The complications that developed postoperatively were recorded. The record of all cases was analyzed retrospectively for safety outcome and complications developed in neonates, infants, and older children. RESULTS A total of 1000 cases including 655 (65.5%) neonates, 241 (24.1%) infants, and 104 (10.4%) children between 1 and 5 years of age were selected. The PD circumcision was done in all these cases. Of these, 93.5% neonates, 89.6% infants, and 66.3% children older than 1 years of age had no complications postoperatively. The complication rate was highest among the children between 1 and 5 years of age as compared to neonates and infants. The complications such as bleeding prepuce, hematoma, and swelling prepuce were higher in infants than neonates while superficial infection and buried glans were noted more in neonates than infants. CONCLUSION It may be inferred from our findings that Plastibell circumcision is safer if done in the 1st year of life and younger the age better is prognosis in healthy male babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Razzaq
- Department of Surgery, Poonch Medical College, Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid Mehmood
- Department of Physiology, Poonch Medical College, Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan,Address for correspondence: Dr. Muhammad Sajid Mehmood, Department of Physiology, Incharge Research Cell, Poonch Medical College, Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan. Tel.: +923315577071, +925824-960084. E-mail:
| | | | - Tariq Masood
- Department of Surgery, Poonch Medical College, Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Salma Ghaffar
- Department of Surgery, Poonch Medical College, Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan
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