Trefoil factor 1 suppression of E-CADHERIN enhances prostate carcinoma cell invasiveness and metastasis

Metastasis is the primary mediator of prostate cancer (PCA) lethality and poses a significant clinical obstacle. The identification of factors involved in the metastasis of PCA is imperative. We demonstrate herein that trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) promotes PCA cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. The capacity of TFF1 to enhance cell migration/invasion is mediated by transcriptional repression of E-CADHERIN. Consideration of targeted inhibition of TFF1 to prevent metastasis of prostate carcinoma is warranted.

P4-01-11: Autocrine Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Reduces the Sensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells to Treatment with Tamoxifen and Fulvestrant

Despite recent advances in breast cancer treatment regimes, intrinsic or development of resistance to conventional breast cancer therapies is still a significant clinical challenge. Expression of growth factors by tumour cells has been proposed as one mechanism for developing resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents.

The growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis is emerging as an important mediator of tumour development in human breast cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that humans with growth hormone receptor deficiency are protected from developing cancer. Studies investigating human growth hormone (hGH) expression in human breast cancer have demonstrated that hGH expression is associated with specific histopathological features and survival outcomes for patients. Increased hGH expression is significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, tumour stage, proliferative index, worse relapse free survival and reduced overall survival in mammary carcinoma. In recent studies we have demonstrated that autocrine hGH promotes cell proliferation, cell survival and oncogenicity of human mammary carcinoma cells, enhancing anchorage independent cell growth, and supporting tumour formation in immunodeficient mice. Autocrine hGH also promotes mammary carcinoma cell migration/invasion and epithelial to mesenchymal transition and tumour vascularisation in xenograft studies.

In this study we investigated whether autocrine hGH promotes resistance to anti-estrogen therapeutic drugs, sensitivity to tamoxifen and fulvestrent using the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, T47D and BT474. Stable transfection with an expression vector containing the hGH gene enhanced MCF-7, T47D and BT474 cell viability, total cell number and anchorage independent growth following treatment with tamoxifen or fulvestrant when compared to control transfected cells. Conversely, treatment of BT474 cells with an hGH receptor antagonist (B2036), increased BT474 cell sensitivity to treatment with tamoxifen or fulvestrant. Using an estrogen response element (ERE) luciferase assay, we observed that autocrine hGH enhanced basal estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated transcriptional activity.

Our results demonstrate that forced expression of hGH in mammary carcinoma cells enhances ER-mediated signal tranduction and promotes resistance to tamoxifen and fulvestrant, while functional antagnonism of hGH increased cell sensitivity. Consequently, antagonism of the hGH receptor may help maintain sensitivity to anti-estrogen therapy and improve the prognosis of patients with hormone sensitive breast cancer.

Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-01-11.