Glans-reconstruction with preputial flap is superior to primary closure for post-surgical restoration of male sexual function in glans-preserving surgery

We conducted this study to investigate whether glans-reconstruction with preputial flap would be more helpful for post-operative restoration of patients' sexual potency than primary closure. From 2007 to 2013 at four centres, 46 cases reconstructed with preputial flap and 59 with primary closure were selected for the investigation from 142 consecutive cases of superficial glans cancer, with the largest diameter of lesion ≤2.5 cm, who undergoing glans-preserving surgery (GPS). Subjective evaluation for patients' sexual performance was investigated using the International Index of Erectile Function-15. Objective evaluation was carried out by the Audio Visual Sexual Stimulation test with RigiScan-Plus. The degree of satisfaction for penile appearance and patients' confidence and partners' acceptability for intercourse were evaluated by 5-point scales. Patients with preputial flap reconstruction showed significant better performance in three domains (orgasmic function, intercourse satisfaction and overall satisfaction, all p < 0.05) and significantly higher ratios of appearance satisfaction (78.3% vs. 57.6%, p = 0.026) and intercourse confidence (69.6% vs. 49.2%, p = 0.035) compared with those undergoing primary closure at post-operative month 6 ends. Their sexual partners in the preputial flap group also exhibited significantly higher ratios of appearance satisfaction than in the primary closure group (67.4% vs. 42.4%, p = 0.011). Reconstruction with preputial flap contributes to a more acceptable cosmetic appearance of the penis and minimizes post-operative negative psychological impediments. Patients can benefit more from reconstruction with preputial flap than primary closure. Glans-reconstruction with preputial flap should be considered the primary reconstruction technique in GPS.

Homologous expression and quantitative analysis of T3SS-dependent secretion of TAP-tagged XoAvrBs2 in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae induced by rice leaf extract

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) produces a putative effector, XoAvrBs2. We expressed XoAvrBs2 homologously in Xoo with a TAP-tag at the C-terminus to enable quantitative analysis of protein expression and secretion. Addition of rice leaf extracts from both Xoo-sensitive and Xoo-resistant rice cultivars to the Xoo cells induced expression of the XoAvrBs2 gene at the transcriptional and translational levels, and also stimulated a remarkable amount of XoAvrBs2 secretion into the medium. In a T3SS-defective Xoo mutant strain, secretion of the TAPtagged XoAvrBs2 was blocked. Thus, we elucidated the transcriptional and translational expressions of the XoAvrBs2 gene in Xoo was induced in vitro by the interaction with rice and the induced secretion of XoAvrBs2 was T3SSdependent. It is the first report to measure the homologous expression and secretion of XoAvrBs2 in vitro by rice leaf extract. Our system for the quantitative analysis of effector protein expression and secretion could be generally used for the study of host-pathogen interactions.

The association between MIF-173 G>C polymorphism and prostate cancer in southern Chinese

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Accumulating epidemiological and molecular evidence suggests that inflammation is an important component in the etiology of PCa. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays an important role in the pro- and anti-inflammatory response to infection. This study is aimed at investigating the potential association between MIF-173 G>C polymorphism, Gleason score, clinical stage, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value with respect to PCa incidence among the Han nationality in Southern China.

METHODS

Genotyping was performed by using tetraprimer polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on 259 PCa patients and 301 cancer-free controls.

RESULTS

We found that the MIF-173*C variant allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of PCa [adjusted odd ratio (OR) = 2.99, 95% confident interval (CI): 1.94-4.60] and higher Gleason scores from the PCa subjects (adjusted OR = 10.72, 95% CI: 5.35-21.49). In addition, we noted that the MIF -173*C variant allele was related to higher clinical stages and PSA values in PCa patients (adjusted OR = 15.68, 95% CI: 7.40-33.23; adjusted OR = 4.37, 95% CI: 2.41-7.92, respectively).

CONCLUSION

Our data suggest that MIF-173 polymorphisms may be associated with a higher incidence of prostate cancer compared to controls, and appears to be associated with higher Gleason scores, higher clinical stages, and PSA values in those with prostate cancer.

Extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

A total of 28 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa) underwent extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (EP-LRP). The mean operative duration was 309 (287-600) minutes. Estimated blood loss ranged from 380 to 1000 (mean 480) ml. At 3 to 5 days postoperatively, the catheter was removed. No open conversion was required and no patient presented postoperative complications. PSA level was less than 0.1 ng/ml at 3 months after surgery in all patients. At a mean follow-up of 10 (6-16) months, there were no biochemical failures. The extraperitoneal technique potentially decreased the risk of intra-abdominal complications and better approximated than open retropubic radical prostatectomy. In conclusion, EP-LRP is an effective, safe and precise technique.

High frequency plant regeneration from anther-derived cell suspension cultures via somatic embryogenesis in Catharanthus roseus

A system for high frequency plant regeneration from cell suspension cultures in Catharanthus roseus is described. Calli were obtained from anthers cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 1 mgl(-1) α-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.1 mgl(-1) kinetin. After the second subculture on solid medium, embryogenic callus was identified and transferred to liquid medium to initiate suspension cultures. Cells dispersed finely in the medium were subcultured at 14-day intervals. Upon plating onto the basal medium, yellowish compact colonies proliferated from the cells and more than 80% of them gave rise to somatic embryos. Subsequently, plantlets developed from the embryos. Both the plantlets and the source plants showed the normal somatic chromosome number of 2n=2x=16.