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Affiliation(s)
- JD Colpoys
- Department of Agricultural Science, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA
| | - AK Johnson
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - NK Gabler
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Lindblom SC, Gabler NK, Dilger RN, Olson ZF, Loving CL, Kerr BJ. Influence of feeding thermally peroxidized soybean oil on oxidative status in growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:545-557. [PMID: 29385464 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine whether feeding thermally processed peroxidized soybean oil (SO) induces markers of oxidative stress and alters antioxidant status in pig tissue, blood, and urine. Fifty-six barrows (25.3 ± 3.3 kg initial BW) were randomly assigned to dietary treatments containing 10% fresh SO (22.5 °C) or thermally processed SO (45 °C for 288 h, 90 °C for 72 h, or 180 °C for 6 h), each with constant air infusion rate of 15 liters/minute. Multiple indices of lipid peroxidation were measured in the SO including peroxide value (2.0, 96, 145, and 4.0 mEq/kg for 22.5, 45, 90, and 180 °C processed SO, respectively) and p-anisidine value (1.2, 8.4, 261, and 174 for 22.5, 45, 90, and 180 °C processed SO, respectively); along with a multitude of aldehydes. Pigs were individually housed and fed ad libitum for 49 d which included a 5 d period in metabolism crates for the collection of urine and serum for measures of oxidative stress. On day 49, pigs were euthanized to determine liver weight and analyze liver-based oxidative stress markers. Oxidative stress markers included serum, urinary, and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and urinary F2-isoprostanes (ISP) as markers of lipid damage; serum and liver protein carbonyls (PC) as a marker of protein damage; and urinary and liver 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-2dG) as a marker of DNA damage. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activity (CAT) were measured in liver, glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) was measured in serum and liver, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was measured in serum and urine as determinants of antioxidant status. Pigs fed 90 °C SO had greater urinary ISP (P = 0.02), while pigs fed the 45 °C SO had elevated urinary TBARS (P = 0.02) in comparison to other treatment groups. Pigs fed 45 °C and 90 °C SO had increased serum PC concentrations (P = 0.01) and pigs fed 90 °C SO had greater (P = 0.01) liver concentration of 8-OH-2dG compared to pigs fed the other SO treatments. Furthermore, pigs fed 90 °C SO had reduced serum GPx activity in comparison to pigs fed fresh SO (P = 0.01). In addition, pigs fed 180 °C SO had increased liver CAT activity (P = 0.01). Liver GPx and SOD or serum and urinary FRAP were not affected by dietary treatment. These results indicate that dietary peroxidized soybean oil induced oxidative stress by increasing serum PC while diminishing serum GPx, increasing urinary ISP and TBARS, and increasing 8-OH-2dG and CAT in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Lindblom
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - N K Gabler
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - R N Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Z F Olson
- USDA-ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA
| | - C L Loving
- USDA-ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA
| | - B J Kerr
- USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA
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Curry SM, Burrough ER, Schwartz KJ, Yoon KJ, Lonergan SM, Gabler NK. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus reduces feed efficiency in nursery pigs. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:85-97. [PMID: 29378029 PMCID: PMC6140930 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skx005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infects enterocytes and in nursery pigs, results in diarrhea, anorexia, and reduced performance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine how PEDV infection influenced growth performance and repartitioning of amino acids and energy in nursery pigs. A total of 32 barrows and gilts, approximately 1 wk post-wean (BW = 8.46 ± 0.50 kg), and naïve for PEDV were obtained, weighed, and allotted based on sex and BW to one of two treatments: 1) Control, PEDV naïve and 2) PEDV-inoculated (PEDV) with eight pens of two pigs each per treatment. On day post-inoculation (dpi) 0, PEDV pigs were inoculated via intragastric gavage with PEDV isolate (USA/Iowa/18984/2013). Pig and feeder weights were recorded at dpi −7, 0, 5, and 20 in order to calculate ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Eight pigs per treatment were euthanized on dpi 5 and 20, and tissues and blood were collected. At dpi 5, all PEDV pigs were PCR positive for PEDV in feces. Overall, PEDV pigs tended (P < 0.10) to increase ADFI, which resulted in reduced (P < 0.05) feed efficiency. At dpi 5, PEDV pigs had reduced (P < 0.05) villus height and increased (P < 0.05) stem cell proliferation in the jejunum compared with Control pigs. Pigs inoculated with PEDV had increased (P < 0.05) serum haptoglobin and increased insulin-to-glucose ratios compared with Control pigs at dpi 5. Markers of muscle proteolysis were not different (P > 0.05) between treatments within dpi; however, at dpi 5, 20S proteasome activity was increased (P < 0.05) in longissimus dorsi of PEDV pigs compared with Control pigs. Liver and jejunum gluconeogenic enzyme activities were not different (P > 0.05) between treatments within dpi. Overall, PEDV-inoculated pigs did recover the absorptive capacity that was reduced during PEDV infection by increasing proliferation of intestinal stem cells. However, the energy and nutrients needed to recover the epithelium may be originating from available luminal nutrients instead of muscle proteolysis and gluconeogenesis. This study provides insight into the effects of an enteric coronavirus on postabsorptive metabolism in nursery pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Curry
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - E R Burrough
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - K J Schwartz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - K J Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - S M Lonergan
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - N K Gabler
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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4
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Mauch ED, Young JM, Serão NVL, Hsu WL, Patience JF, Kerr BJ, Weber TE, Gabler NK, Dekkers JCM. Effect of lower-energy, higher-fiber diets on pigs divergently selected for residual feed intake when fed higher-energy, lower-fiber diets. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:1221-1236. [PMID: 29669076 PMCID: PMC6140866 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Residual feed intake (RFI) is the difference between observed and predicted feed intake of an animal, based on growth and maintenance requirements. In Yorkshire pigs, divergent selection for increased (Low RFI) and decreased (High RFI) RFI was carried out over 10 generations (G) while feeding a corn- and soybean-meal-based, higher-energy, lower-fiber (HELF) diet. In G8 to G10, representing 4 replicates, barrows and gilts (n = 649) of the RFI lines were fed the HELF diet and a diet incorporating coproducts that were lower in energy and higher in dietary fiber (LEHF). The diets differed in ME, 3.32 vs. 2.87 Mcal/kg, and in neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 9.4% vs. 25.9%, respectively. The impact of the LEHF diet on 1) performance and growth, 2) diet digestibility, 3) genetic parameter estimates, and 4) responses to selection for RFI, when fed the HELF, was assessed. In general, the LEHF diet reduced the performance of both lines. When fed the HELF diet, the Low RFI pigs had lower (P < 0.05) ADFI (-12%), energy intake (-12%), ADG (-6%), and backfat depth (-12%); similar (P > 0.05) loin muscle area (LMA; +5%); and greater (P < 0.05) feed efficiency (i.e., 8% higher G:F and 7% lower RFI) than the High RFI line. These patterns of line differences were still present under the LEHF diet but differences for ADFI (-11%), energy intake (-10%), G:F (+2%), and RFI (-6%) were reduced compared to the HELF diet. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of the HELF and LEHF diets was assessed using 116 barrows and gilts from G8. When fed the HELF diet, ATTD of DM, GE, N, and NDF were similar between lines (P ≥ 0.27), but when fed the LEHF diet, the Low RFI pigs had greater digestibility (7%, 7%, 10%, and 32%) than the High RFI line (P ≤ 0.04). To measure responses to selection for RFI and estimate genetic parameters, data from all 10 generations were used (HELF; n = 2,310; LEHF, n = 317). Heritability estimates of performance traits ranged from 0.19 to 0.63, and genetic correlations of traits between diets were high and positive, ranging from 0.87 (RFI) to 0.99 (LMA). By G10, RFI in the Low RFI line was 3.86 and 1.50 genetic SD lower than in the High RFI line when fed the HELF and LEHF diets, respectively. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that responses to selection for RFI when fed a HELF diet are not fully realized when pigs are fed an extremely LEHF diet. Thus, feeding diets that differ from those used for selection may not maximize genetic potential for feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Mauch
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - J M Young
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - N V L Serão
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - W L Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - J F Patience
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - B J Kerr
- USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA
| | - T E Weber
- Kalmbach Feeds Inc., Upper Sandusky, OH
| | - N K Gabler
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - J C M Dekkers
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Helm ET, Schweer WP, De Mille CM, Curry SM, Gabler NK. 135 Understanding the Performance Enhancing Mode of Action of in-Feed Sub-Therapeutic Antibiotics in Nursery Pigs. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - W P Schweer
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | | | - S M Curry
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - N K Gabler
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Olsen KM, Gabler NK, Rademacher CJ, Schwartz KJ, Schweer WP, Patience JF. 284 The Effects of Group Size and Sub-Therapeutic Antibiotic Alternatives on the Performance of Nursery Piglets: A Model for Feed Additive Evaluation. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K M Olsen
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - N K Gabler
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - C J Rademacher
- Dept. of Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - K J Schwartz
- Dept. of Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - W P Schweer
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - J F Patience
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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De Mille CM, Curry SM, Gabler NK, Kerr BJ. 291 Effect of Prebiotic, Fatty Acid and Copper and Zinc Ingredients on Nursery Pig Performance. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - S M Curry
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - N K Gabler
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Curry SM, Burrough ER, Gabler NK. 101 Young Scholar Presentation: How Is Pig Intestinal Function and Health Altered in Response to Pathogen Challenges? J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S M Curry
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - E R Burrough
- Dept. of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - N K Gabler
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Mendoza SM, Murugesan GR, Hendel EG, Stelzhammer S, Helm ET, Gabler NK. 289 Evaluation of a Phytogenic Blend on Nursery Pig Growth and Nutrient Digestibility. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - E T Helm
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - N K Gabler
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Li QY, Burrough ER, Gabler NK, Loving CL, Tuggle CK, Patience JF. 299 Acute Phase Protein and Microbial Metabolite Response to an Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Challenge in Weaned Pigs Fed Higher Fiber Diets with or without Carbohydrases. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Q Y Li
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - E R Burrough
- Dept. of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - N K Gabler
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - C L Loving
- USDA-ARS National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA
| | - C K Tuggle
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - J F Patience
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Helm ET, Mendoza SM, Murugesan GR, Hendel EG, Stelzhammer S, Gourley G, Gabler NK. 271 Evaluation of a Phytogenic Blend on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Gut Permeability, Gut Morphology, and Performance in Nursery Pigs. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E T Helm
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | | | | | | | | | - G Gourley
- Gourley Research Group LLC, Webster City, IA
| | - N K Gabler
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Murugesan GR, Mendoza SM, Hendel EG, Tacconi A, Gabler NK. 290 Evaluation of an Organic Acid Blend on Gut Morphology and Nitrogen Retention in Nursery Pig. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - A Tacconi
- BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Getzersdorf, Austria
| | - N K Gabler
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Schweer WP, Mendoza OF, Shull CM, Lehman J, Gaines AM, Schwartz KJ, Gabler NK. 45 Increased Lysine: ME ratio improves grower pig performance during a PRRSV challenge. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W P Schweer
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | | | | | - J Lehman
- Merck Animal Health, De Soto, KS
| | | | - K J Schwartz
- Dept. of Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - N K Gabler
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Kellner TA, Gabler NK, Patience JF. The composition of dietary fat alters the transcriptional profile of pathways associated with lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue in the pig. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:3609-3619. [PMID: 28805896 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the of effect chemical composition of dietary fat on transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism in adipose tissue and the liver via transcriptional profiling in growing pigs. A total of 48 Genetiporc 6.0 × Genetiporc F25 (PIC, Inc., Hendersonville, TN) barrows (initial BW of 44.1 ± 1.2 kg) were randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments. Each experimental diet included 95% of a corn-soybean meal basal diet and 5% cornstarch (control; CNTR), animal-vegetable blend (AV), coconut oil (COCO), corn oil (COIL), fish oil (FO), or tallow (TAL). Pigs were sacrificed on d 10 (final BW of 51.2 ± 1.7 kg) to collect tissues. Expression normalization across samples was performed by calculating a delta cycle threshold (ΔCt) value using . Delta delta cycle threshold (ΔΔCt) values were expressed relative to the CNTR treatment. In adipose tissue, adding dietary fat, regardless of the source, decreased the mRNA abundance of compared with the CNTR ( = 0.014). Pigs fed a COIL-based diet tended to have greater adipose tissue expression of ( = 0.071) than pigs fed the other dietary fat sources tested. Abundance of mRNA was greater in adipose tissue of barrows a fed COIL-based diet than barrows fed CNTR or FO-based diets ( = 0.047). In the liver, adding dietary fat, regardless of source, increased the mRNA abundance of , , , , , and ( ≤ 0.020) and tended to increase the abundance of ( = 0.071) and ( = 0.086) compared with the CNTR. Pigs fed a TAL-based diet had greater hepatic transcription of than pigs fed CNTR-, COCO-, or FO-based diets ( = 0.013). Hepatic transcription of tended to be greater in pigs fed COCO than in pigs fed other dietary fat sources ( = 0.074). Dietary omega-3 fatty acid content tended to negatively correlate with mRNA abundance of ( = 0.065) in adipose tissue and ( = 0.063) in the liver. Dietary fat SFA content was negatively correlated with in the liver ( ≤ 0.039). Dietary fat MUFA content tended to be positively correlated with , , and mRNA abundance in the liver ( ≤ 0.100). To conclude, the intake of omega-3 fatty acids suppressed the mRNA abundance of genes involved in lipolysis in both adipose tissue and the liver. Dietary SFA are greater inhibitors of lipogenesis in adipose tissue than omega-6 fatty acids. Intake of medium-chain fatty acids alters hepatic lipid metabolism differently than intake of long-chain fatty acids.
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Ganesan S, Summers CM, Pearce SC, Gabler NK, Valentine RJ, Baumgard LH, Rhoads RP, Selsby JT. Short-term heat stress causes altered intracellular signaling in oxidative skeletal muscle. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:2438-2451. [PMID: 28727070 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) causes morbidities and mortalities, in part by inducing organ-specific injury and dysfunction. Further, HS markedly reduces farm animal productivity, and this is especially true for lean tissue accretion. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the extent to which short-term HS caused muscle dysfunction in skeletal muscle. We have previously found increased free radical injury in skeletal muscle following 24 h of HS. Thus, we hypothesized that HS would lead to apoptosis, autophagy, and decreased mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle. To test this hypothesis, crossbred gilts were divided into 3 groups ( = 8/group): thermal neutral (TN: 21°C), HS (37°C), and pair-fed thermal neutral (PFTN: feed intake matched with heat-stressed animals). Following 12 h of treatment, animals were euthanized and red (STR) and white (STW) portions of the semitendinosus were recovered. Heat stress did not alter intracellular signaling in STW. In STR, the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde protein and concentration were increased in HS ( = 0.007) compared to TN and PFTN, which was matched by an inadequate antioxidant response, including an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) I ( = 0.03) and II relative protein abundance ( = 0.008) and total SOD activity ( = 0.02) but a reduction ( = 0.006) in catalase activity in HS compared to TN. Further, B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein ( = 0.02) and apoptotic protease activating factor 1 ( = 0.01) proteins were increased by HS compared to TN and PFTN. However, caspase 3 activity was similar between groups, indicating a lack of apoptotic execution. Despite increased initiation, autophagy appeared to be inhibited by HS as the microtubule-associated protein A/B light chain 3 II/I ratio and mitofusin-2 proteins were decreased ( < 0.03) and sequestosome 1(p62) protein abundance was increased ( = 0.001) in HS compared to TN and PFTN. Markers of mitochondrial content cytochrome c, cytochrome c oxidase IV, voltage-dependent anion channel, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and prohibitins 1 were increased ( < 0.05) in HS compared to TN, whereas mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy markers were similar between groups. These data demonstrate that HS caused aberrant intracellular signaling, which may contribute to HS-mediated muscle dysfunction.
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Patterson BM, Outhouse AC, Helm ET, Dekkers JCM, Schwartz KJ, Gabler NK, Lonergan SM, Huff-Lonergan E. Novel Observations of Peroxiredoxin-2 Profile and Protein Oxidation in Skeletal Muscle from Pigs that Differ In Residual Feed Intake and Health Status. Meat and Muscle Biology 2018. [DOI: 10.22175/rmc2018.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Zuber EA, Gabler NK, Helm ET, Mille CMD, Schulte MC, Patterson BM, Huff-Lonergan E, Lonergan S. Impact of PRRS Challenge on Calpain and Calpastatin Activity in Skeletal Muscle of Young Pigs. Meat and Muscle Biology 2018. [DOI: 10.22175/rmc2018.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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18
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Schweer W, Schwartz K, Patience JF, Karriker L, Sparks C, Weaver M, Fitzsimmons M, Burkey TE, Gabler NK. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus reduces feed efficiency, digestibility, and lean tissue accretion in grow-finish pigs. Transl Anim Sci 2017; 1:480-488. [PMID: 32704671 PMCID: PMC7204981 DOI: 10.2527/tas2017.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus is a major swine virus that causes reproductive impairment in sows, as well as respiratory disease, reduction in growth rates, and mortalities in all ages of pigs. The objective of this study was to quantify the impact PRRS has on grower-finisher pig feed efficiency and tissue accretion rates. Thirty PRRS naïve, littermate pairs of maternal line Choice Genetics gilts (33.6 ± 0.58 kg BW) were selected and pairs split across 2 barns consisting of 5 pens (n = 6 pigs/pen per barn). Pigs in both barns were fed corn-soybean-DDGS diets ad libitum. All pigs in one barn were inoculated (CHAL) via an i.m. injection of a live PRRS strain isolated from the region (0 d post inoculation, dpi), while pigs in the other barn were given a saline control injection (CONT). Pig performance (ADG, ADFI, G:F) was assessed from 35 kg BW until each group reached market BW (128 kg). Additionally, longitudinal apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and body composition was assessed using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) post inoculation (dpi) to estimate lean, protein, fat and bone accretion rates. Serological data from CHAL pigs showed that PRRS titers peaked 7 dpi and these pigs seroconverted by 35 dpi. According to both genomic and protein PRRS titers, CONT pigs were naïve to CHAL throughout the study. The PRRS infection reduced (P < 0.001) ATTD of dry matter, energy and nitrogen by 3 to 5% at 21 dpi and the reduction in ATTD persisted after 65 dpi. Compared to the CONT, CHAL pigs had decreased ADG (0.89 vs. 0.80 kg/d, P < 0.001), ADFI (2.05 vs. 1.93 kg/d, P < 0.001), and G:F (0.44 vs. 0.41 kg/d, P < 0.001) over the entire test period. The CHAL pigs also had attenuated DXA predicted whole body accretion of lean (547 vs. 633 g/d, P = 0.001), protein (109 vs. 126 g/d, P = 0.001) and fat (169 vs. 205 g/d, P = 0.001) compared to their CONT counterparts from dpi 0 to 80. Based on carcass data at slaughter (and consistent with the DXA data), CHAL pigs had leaner carcasses and reduced yields. These data clearly demonstrate that PRRS infection reduces digestibility, feed efficiency and protein accretion rates in grower-finisher pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Schweer
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - K Schwartz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - J F Patience
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - L Karriker
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - C Sparks
- Huvepharma, Peachtree City, GA, 30269
| | - M Weaver
- Weaver Consulting, Des Moines, IA, 50265
| | | | - T E Burkey
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583
| | - N K Gabler
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
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Cruzen SM, Baumgard LH, Gabler NK, Pearce SC, Lonergan SM. Temporal proteomic response to acute heat stress in the porcine muscle sarcoplasm. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:3961-3971. [PMID: 28992025 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is an important topic in the swine industry, costing hundreds of millions of dollars in economic losses annually, figures that could easily rise in light of global climate change. Muscle biology during HS is particularly important given skeletal muscle's large proportion to the body and its ultimate conversion to meat. Here we report the proteomic changes that occur during acute HS (37°C and 40% relative humidity) lasting 2, 4, or 6 h in the muscle sarcoplasm of growing pigs in comparison with 6 h of thermal neutral (TN; 21°C and 70% relative humidity) conditions ( = 8 per treatment). The red and white areas of the semitendinosus muscle were used to compare the differential effects of HS on oxidative or glycolytic muscles. The results support the hypothesis of proteomic profile differences between the acute HS and TN groups. Altered abundance ( < 0.05) of several proteins occurred in as little as 2 h of HS, affecting metabolism, cell structure, and chaperone, antioxidant, and proteolytic activity. We determined that the muscle HS response is both fiber type and time specific. Overall, more differences were observed in the red semitendinosus than in the white semitendinosus, although the time point at which differences were observed varied. These data show that as little as 2 h of HS has measurable effects on muscle proteins, indicating that acute HS has the potential to impair muscle function and growth.
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Curry SM, Schwartz KJ, Yoon KJ, Gabler NK, Burrough ER. Effects of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection on nursery pig intestinal function and barrier integrity. Vet Microbiol 2017; 211:58-66. [PMID: 29102122 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The pig intestinal epithelium can be compromised by pathogens leading to reduced integrity and function. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), recently detected in North America, exemplifies intestinal epithelial insult. Although several studies have investigated the molecular aspects and host immune response to PEDV, there are little data on the impact of PEDV on pig intestinal physiology. The objective of this study was to investigate the longitudinal impact of PEDV on nursery pig intestinal function and integrity. Fifty recently-weaned, 5-week-old barrows and gilts (BW=9.92±0.49kg) were sorted based on body weight (BW) and sex into two treatments: 1) Control or 2) PEDV inoculated. At 2, 5, 7, and 14days post inoculation (dpi), 4 pigs per treatment were euthanized and jejunum sections collected. PEDV antigen was detected in inoculated pigs by immunohistochemistry in 50% (2/4) at dpi 2, 100% (4/4) at dpi 5, and none at later time points. PEDV-infected pigs had reduced (P<0.05) villus height and decreased transepithelial resistance compared with controls. Total acidic mucins, particularly sialomucin, were reduced in PEDV pigs at dpi 2 and then increased compared with controls at dpi 7 and 14. In addition, PEDV pigs had increased stem cell proliferation (P<0.05) and a numerical increase in DNA fragmentation compared with controls through dpi 7 which coincided with an observed return of digestive function to that of controls. Collectively, these data reveal that PEDV infection results in time-dependent changes not only in intestinal morphology but also barrier integrity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Curry
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - K J Schwartz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - K J Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - N K Gabler
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - E R Burrough
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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21
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Cruzen SM, Baumgard LH, Gabler NK, Pearce SC, Lonergan SM. Temporal proteomic response to acute heat stress in the porcine muscle sarcoplasm1. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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22
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Azarpajouh S, Colpoys JD, Arkfeld EK, Dekkers JCM, Gabler NK, Huff-Lonergan EJ, Lonergan SM, Patience JF, Stalder KJ, Johnson AK. 005 Behavior during human approach and novel object tests and associations with performance from barrows selected for residual feed intake. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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Curry SM, Gibson KA, Burrough ER, Schwartz KJ, Yoon KJ, Gabler NK. Nursery pig growth performance and tissue accretion modulation due to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus or porcine deltacoronavirus challenge. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:173-181. [PMID: 28177368 PMCID: PMC7199665 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) are both members of the family Coronaviridae which induce clinical signs of diarrhea, dehydration, and in some circumstances, mortality. Most research has been focused on isolation, genome sequencing, pathogenicity, and virulence of these viruses, but there is little information on long-term growth performance and tissue accretion of pigs inoculated with PEDV or PDCoV. Therefore, our objective was to determine the effect of PEDV or PDCoV infection on growth performance and tissue accretion over 42 d following inoculation. A total of 75 Choice Genetics Large White Pureline barrows and gilts (BW = 10.81 ± 0.81 kg) at approximately 2 wk post-wean and naïve for PEDV and PDCoV were selected. Pigs were allotted based on BW and sex, stratified across 3 treatments with 8 pens per treatment. Treatments were: 1) Control (n = 8); 2) PEDV inoculated (n = 8); and 3) PDCoV inoculated (n = 8). On day post inoculation (dpi) 2, 5, 7, and 14 pigs were euthanized for tissue collection and analyses from these tissues are discussed elsewhere. Pen feed intake and BW were recorded on dpi 2, 5, 7, and weekly thereafter until dpi 42. On 1 designated pig per pen, initial and final body composition was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and tissue accretion rates were calculated over 6 wk test period. Peak PEDV infection was noted at 3 dpi compared with 4 dpi for PDCoV pigs as determined by fecal swab quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Control pigs remained negative for PEDV and PDCoV throughout the experiment. Overall, Control and PDCoV pigs did not differ in ADG, ADFI or G:F (P > 0.05). Compared to Control and PDCoV pigs, the overall 42 d ADFI was reduced in the challenged PEDV pigs (P < 0.05) by 19 and 27%, respectively. PEDV did not significantly reduce the overall ADG or G:F compared with Control and PDCoV pigs; however, the biggest reduction in ADG and ADFI for PEDV pigs was within 14 dpi compared to the Control pigs (P < 0.05). Whole body tissue accretion was altered due to PED, with fat, lean, protein, and bone mineral accretion reductions by 24, 20, 21, and 42%, respectively (P < 0.05) compared with Control pigs. Overall, nursery pig performance was greatly impacted by PEDV challenge. Surprisingly, the PDCoV challenge did not negatively influence nursery pig performance. This study provides further insight into the longitudinal impact swine enteric coronaviruses have on growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Curry
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - K. A. Gibson
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - E. R. Burrough
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - K. J. Schwartz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - K. J. Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - N. K. Gabler
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
- Corresponding author:
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Schweer WP, Patience JF, Schwartz K, Linhares D, Rademacher C, Allen HK, Loving CL, Ramirez A, Gabler NK. 305 A review and evaluation of antibiotic alternatives in the literature. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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25
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Curry SM, Burrough ER, Gabler NK. 328 Ex vivo translocation of Escherichia coli F18 in the pig ileum that was challenged with norepinephrine or adrenocorticotropic hormone compared with controls. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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26
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Rauw WM, Mayorga EJ, Lei S, Dekkers JCM, Patience JF, Gabler NK, Lonergan SM, Baumgard LH. 029 Effects of genetics on growth and feed intake in response to repeated exposure to heat stress. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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27
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Acosta JA, Gabler NK, Frank JW, Bass BE, Patience JF. 295 Effect of lactose, inulin, Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product, or dietary antibiotics on nursery pig digestibility and nitrogen retention. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rauw WM, Mayorga EJ, Lei S, Dekkers JCM, Patience JF, Gabler NK, Lonergan SM, Baumgard LH. 009 Effects of genetics on thermal regulatory responses to repeated heat stress exposure in pigs. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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29
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Bidne KL, Lyte J, Hollis JH, Gabler NK, Keating AF. 318 Impact of dietary fatty acid source on ovarian phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase signaling. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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30
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Gordon NR, Curry SM, Schweer WP, Gabler NK, Colpoys JD. 405 Effects of nutrient supplementation on pig sickness behavior when infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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31
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Schweer WP, Patience JF, Burrough ER, Gabler NK. 193 Impact of PRRSV on digestibility and endogenous losses in pigs fed high or low soybean meal diets. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.12.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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32
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Li Q, Loving CL, Gabler NK, Burrough ER, Patience JF. 226 Soluble fiber improved growth performance of weaned pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.12.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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33
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Helm E, Outhouse AC, Schwartz K, Dekkers JCM, Lonergan SM, Gabler NK. 330 Impact of Lawsonia intracellularis–Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae dual challenge on growth performance of pigs divergently selected for residual feed intake. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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34
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Acosta JA, Gabler NK, Frank JW, Bass BE, Patience JF. 306 Effect of lactose, inulin, Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product, or dietary antibiotics on intestinal function of nursery pigs. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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35
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Lindblom SC, Gabler NK, Kerr BJ. 096 Influence of thermally peroxidized soybean oil on growth performance and oxidative status in growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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36
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Gabler NK, Curry SM, Schweer WP, Lonergan SM, Schwartz K, Burrough ER, Loving CL. 143 What are the nutritional and metabolic costs of immune system activation in pigs? J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.12.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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37
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Li QY, Gabler NK, Sparks C, Patience JF. 153 Impact of xylanase and an enzyme blend on gut barrier function and growth performance in nursery pigs. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.12.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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38
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Curry SM, Gibson KA, Burrough ER, Schwartz KJ, Yoon KJ, Gabler NK. Nursery pig growth performance and tissue accretion modulation due to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus or porcine deltacoronavirus challenge. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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39
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Ganesan S, Summers CM, Pearce SC, Gabler NK, Valentine RJ, Baumgard LH, Rhoads RP, Selsby JT. Short-term heat stress causes altered intracellular signaling in oxidative skeletal muscle. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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40
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Zuber E, Outhouse AC, Dekkers JCM, Gabler NK, Huff-Lonergan E, Lonergan SM. Rate and Extent of Troponin-T Degradation in Loins from Pigs Selected for Low and High Residual Feed Intake. Meat and Muscle Biology 2017. [DOI: 10.22175/rmc2017.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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41
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Kellner TA, Gabler NK, Patience JF. The composition of dietary fat alters the transcriptional profile of pathways associated with lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue in the pig. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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42
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Schweer WP, Schwartz K, Burrough ER, Yoon KJ, Sparks JC, Gabler NK. The effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus challenge on growing pigs I: Growth performance and digestibility. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:514-22. [PMID: 27065121 PMCID: PMC7199662 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) are two diseases costly to the U.S. swine industry. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of PRRS virus and PED virus, alone or in combination, on growth performance, feed efficiency, and digestibility in grower pigs. Forty-two gilts (16 ± 0.98 kg BW) naïve for PRRS and PED were selected and allocated to 1 of 4 treatments. Treatments included 1) a control, 2) PRRS virus infected, 3) PED virus infected, and 4) PRRS+PED coinfection (PRP). Pigs in treatments 2 and 4 were inoculated with a live field strain of PRRS virus via intramuscular and intranasal routes at 0 d after inoculation (dpi). Treatments 3 and 4 were orally inoculated with a cloned PED virus at 15 dpi. Infection with PRRS virus was confirmed by quantitative PCR and seroconversion. Infection with PED virus was confirmed with PCR. Control pigs remained PRRS and PED virus negative throughout the study. All pigs were offered, ad libitum, a standard diet with free access to water. During the test period, PRRS reduced ADG and ADFI by 30 and 26%, respectively (P < 0.05), compared with control pigs, whereas PRP decreased ADG, ADFI, and G:F by 45, 30, and 23%, respectively (P < 0.05). Additional reductions in ADG and G:F were detected in PRP pigs compared with singular PED or PRRS treatments (33 and 16%, respectively). The impact of PED, alone or in combination, on performance (15–21 dpi) reduced ADG (0.66 vs. 0.35 vs. 0.20 kg/d; P < 0.01), ADFI (1.22 vs. 0.88 vs. 0.67 kg/d; P = 0.003), and G:F (0.54 vs. 0.39 vs. 0.31; P = 0.001) compared with control pigs. Compared with control pigs, PRRS infection did not reduce apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy. However, PED infection, alone or in combination, decreased ATTD of DM and energy by 8 and 12%, respectively (P < 0.05). Compared with control pigs, PRP reduced N and OM ATTD by 13 and 3%, respectively (P < 0.05). No significant differences in apparent ileal digestibility (AID) were detected between virus challenges. However, Lys AID tended to be reduced in both PED treatments compared with the control (10 and 12%; P = 0.095). Altogether, PRRS reduced growth but did not alter digestibility. Pigs challenged with PED and, to a greater extent, the coinfection of PED and PRRS viruses had reduced ADG, ADFI, G:F, and ATTD of nutrients and energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. P. Schweer
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - K Schwartz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - E. R. Burrough
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - K. J. Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | | | - N. K. Gabler
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
- Corresponding author:
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43
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Schweer WP, Pearce SC, Burrough ER, Schwartz K, Yoon KJ, Sparks JC, Gabler NK. The effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus challenge on growing pigs II: Intestinal integrity and function. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:523-32. [PMID: 27065122 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if intestinal function and integrity is altered due to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) virus infection in growing pigs. Forty-two gilts (16.8 ± 0.6 kg BW), naïve for PRRS and PED, were selected and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) a control (CON; = 6), 2) PRRS virus challenge only (PRRS; = 12), 3) PED virus challenge only (; = 12), or 4) coinfection of PRRS + PED viruses (PRP; = 12). Treatments 2 and 4 were inoculated with a live field strain of PRRS virus on d 0 after inoculation. Treatments 3 and 4 were inoculated with PED virus on 14 d after inoculation (dpi) and all pigs were euthanized 7 d later (21 dpi). Infection with PRRS virus was determined by viremia and seroconversion. Fecal quantitative PCR was used to confirm PED virus infection. Control pigs remained PRRS and PED virus negative throughout the study. Compared with the CON, intestinal morphology was unaffected by PRRS. As expected, PED and PRP treatments resulted in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum villus atrophy compared with the CON treatment ( < 0.01). Ex vivo transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) did not differ between CON and PRRS pigs (P < 0.05) but was reduced by 40% in PED alone ( < 0.01). Interestingly, TER was increased ( < 0.01) in the PRP pigs. Active transport of glucose was increased in PRRS pigs over CON pigs ( < 0.01), whereas PED had pigs increased ( < 0.01) active glutamine transport over the CON pigs. Jejunum GLUT2 mRNA abundance and sucrase, maltase, and Na+/K+ adenosine triphosphatase activities tended to be increased in PRRS pigs compared with CON pigs ( < 0.06). The jejunum AA transporter, SLC6A14, and mucin 2 mRNA abundance tended to be increased in PED-only pigs ( < 0.10). These data suggest that PRRS infection supports a higher affinity for glucose uptake, whereas PED favors glutamine uptake. Interestingly, digestive machinery during PED challenge remained intact. Altogether, PED but not PRRS challenges alter intestinal morphology and integrity in growing pigs.
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Kellner TA, Baumgard LH, Prusa KJ, Gabler NK, Patience JF. Does heat stress alter the pig's response to dietary fat?1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:4688-4703. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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45
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Mauch ED, Serão NV, Young JM, Patience JF, Gabler NK, Dekkers JCM. 0391 Genomic regions associated with residual feed intake of divergently selected lines of Yorkshire pigs when fed a low-energy, high-fiber diet. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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46
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Gabler NK, Murugesan GR, Schaumberger S, Hofstetter U, Schatzmayr G. 1745 Diurnal heat stress reduces nursery-grower pig performance and intestinal integrity. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Koltes
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville 72701
| | - N. K. Gabler
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
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48
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Pearce SC, Schweer WP, Schwartz KJ, Yoon KJ, Lonergan SM, Gabler NK. Pig jejunum protein profile changes in response to a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus challenge1. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. C. Pearce
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - W. P. Schweer
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - K. J. Schwartz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - K. J. Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - S. M. Lonergan
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - N. K. Gabler
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
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49
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Schroyen M, Feye KM, Nguyen YT, Rakhshandeh A, Gabler NK, Nettleton D, Dekkers JCM, Tuggle CK. P3011 Toward robust blood biomarkers for residual feed intake in pigs. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.94supplement456a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Boddicker RL, Koltes JE, Fritz‐Waters ER, Koesterke L, Weeks N, Yin T, Mani V, Nettleton D, Reecy JM, Baumgard LH, Spencer JD, Gabler NK, Ross JW. Genome‐wide methylation profile following prenatal and postnatal dietary omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation in pigs. Anim Genet 2016; 47:658-671. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. L. Boddicker
- Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - J. E. Koltes
- Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | | | - L. Koesterke
- Texas Advanced Computing Center University of Texas Austin TX 78758‐4497 USA
| | - N. Weeks
- Department of Mathematics Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - T. Yin
- Department of Statistics Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - V. Mani
- Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - D. Nettleton
- Department of Statistics Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - J. M. Reecy
- Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - L. H. Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | | | - N. K. Gabler
- Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - J. W. Ross
- Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
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