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Figueiredo M, Amarila A, Fumagall M, Nascimento N, Alfonso H, Lippi V, Trabuco A, Aquino V. ILHEV and SLEV pre-existing antibodies are able to confer cross protection against ROCV infection. Int J Infect Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.3678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Sousa D, Leal I, Nascimento N, Abegão Pinto L, Marques-Neves C. Portuguese prescription patterns of topical antibiotics in Ophthalmology: a yearlong analysis. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.03186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D.C. Sousa
- Ophthalmology Department; Hospital de Santa Maria; Lisboa Portugal
- Vision Sciences Study Center; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - I. Leal
- Ophthalmology Department; Hospital de Santa Maria; Lisboa Portugal
- Vision Sciences Study Center; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - N. Nascimento
- Serviços Partilhados do Ministério da Saúde - SPMS; EPE; Lisboa Portugal
| | - L. Abegão Pinto
- Ophthalmology Department; Hospital de Santa Maria; Lisboa Portugal
- Vision Sciences Study Center; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - C. Marques-Neves
- Ophthalmology Department; Hospital de Santa Maria; Lisboa Portugal
- Vision Sciences Study Center; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
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Cordeiro Sousa D, Leal I, Nascimento N, Abegão Pinto L. Use of glaucoma medications in Portugal: a cross-sectional nationwide study. Acta Ophthalmol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2016.0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Barraud S, Gonzalez-Merchan C, Nascimento N, Moura P, Silva A. A method for evaluating the evolution of clogging: application to the Pampulha Campus infiltration system (Brazil). Water Sci Technol 2014; 69:1241-1248. [PMID: 24647190 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2013.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the hydraulic performance of stormwater infiltration trenches, a study was undertaken to assess clogging and its distribution between the bottom and the sides. The method used was based on the calibration of the hydraulic resistance event by event according to Bouwer's model and applied to a demonstration trench in Belo-Horizonte monitored in the framework of the European Project Switch. The calibration was performed by minimizing the distance between measured and modeled infiltration flow rates and by using continuous measurements of rainfall, inflow, water temperature and depth in the trench. The study showed that the methodology and particularly Bouwer's model was able to produce satisfactory results. It revealed a significant clogging evolution within a year, with global resistance increasing by a factor of 9. A significant difference between the bottom and the sides was observed; the bottom being more rapidly prone to clogging. Sudden fluctuations of the hydraulic resistance of the bottom were found that could be explained by very high concentrations of total suspended solids from inflows (about 2,000 mg/L). Clogging of the sides evolves over the time but with a very low rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barraud
- Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, LGCIE, 34 avenue des Arts, 69621 Villeurbanne, France E-mail:
| | - C Gonzalez-Merchan
- Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, LGCIE, 34 avenue des Arts, 69621 Villeurbanne, France E-mail:
| | - N Nascimento
- Departamento de Engenharia Hidráulica e Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Engenharia, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 - Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - P Moura
- Departamento de Engenharia Hidráulica e Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Engenharia, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 - Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - A Silva
- Belo Horizonte Municipality, Av. Afonso Pena, 4000, 30130-009 - Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Nascimento N, Salvado R, Araújo P, Borges F. Ergonomic aspects of design of a cap with electronic obstacle detector for use by visually impaired people. Work 2012; 41 Suppl 1:4729-32. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-2012-0760-4729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. Nascimento
- Textile and Paper Materials Research Unit, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - R. Salvado
- Textile and Paper Materials Research Unit, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - P. Araújo
- Institute for Telecommunications, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - F. Borges
- Campus João Pessoa, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paríaba, 58015-430João Pessoa – Paraíba, Brasil
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Baptista JA, Vieira DP, Galisteo Júnior AJ, Higa OZ, Casare M, Yonamine CM, Caproni P, Campos LA, de Andrade Júnior HF, Spencer PJ, Nascimento N. Structure alteration and immunological properties of 60Co-gamma-rays irradiated bothropstoxin-I. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-009-0399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Baptista JA, Vieira DP, Galisteo-Júnior AJ, Caproni P, Casare M, de Andrade-Júnior HF, Spencer PJ, Nascimento N. Immunological properties of 60Co gamma-rays irradiated bothropstoxin-I. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-008-7416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Caproni P, Baptista JA, Almeida TLD, Passos LAC, Nascimento N. Study of irradiated bothropstoxin-1 with60Co gamma rays: immune system behavior. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992009000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Ferreira Junior RS, Nascimento N, Couto R, Alves JB, Meira DA, Barraviera B. Young ovine death during hyperimmunization: crotalic envenomation or copper toxicosis? J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992008000400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Baptista JA, Spencer PJ, Oliveira JE, Casare MS, Nascimento N. Immune response against antigens irradiated with 60Co gamma-rays. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-006-0266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ferreira Junior RS, Nascimento N, Couto R, Alves JB, Meira DA, Barraviera B. Laboratory evaluation of young ovines inoculated with natural or 60co-irradiated Crotalus durissus terrificus venom during hyperimmunization process. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992006000400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Ferreira Junior RS, Nascimento N, Martinez JC, Alves JB, Meira DA, Barraviera B. Immunological assessment of mice hyperimmunized with native and Cobalt-60-irradiated Bothrops venoms. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992005000400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Ferreira Junior RS, Nascimento N, Martinez JC, Alves JB, Meira DA, Barraviera B. Immunization with native and cobalt 60-irradiated Crotalus durissus terrificus venom in swiss mice: assessment of the neutralizing potency of antisera. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992005000300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Baptista M, Barraud S, Alfakih E, Nascimento N, Fernandes W, Moura P, Castro L. Performance-costs evaluation for urban storm drainage. Water Sci Technol 2005; 51:99-107. [PMID: 15790233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The design process of urban stormwater systems incorporating BMPs involves more complexity unlike the design of classic drainage systems for which just the technique of pipes is likely to be used. This paper presents a simple decision aid methodology and an associated software (AvDren) concerning urban stormwater systems, devoted to the evaluation and the comparison of drainage scenarios using BMPs according to different technical, sanitary, social environmental and economical aspects. This kind of tool is particularly interesting so as to help the decision makers to select the appropriate alternative and to plan the investments especially for developing countries, with important sanitary problems and severe budget restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baptista
- Departamento de Engenharía Hidráulica e Recursos Hídricos, Escola de Engenharia da UFMG Av Contorno, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Nascimento N, Cançado V, Cabral JR. Taxing for stormwater drainage systems. Water Sci Technol 2005; 52:251-8. [PMID: 16445195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This article evaluates the possibility of creating a tax for urban drainage in order to make the system self-financing. Average costs of implementation and maintenance of the services were used to individualize the charges and definition of the tax. The conventional drainage system was evaluated along with a source control alternative, water detention in tanks on the lot. The magnitude of the values being charged varies in function of the impermeable surface and the density of the urban area. Preserving creeks in natural conditions and using source control approach, are all options with the advantages of lower investment and smaller burden for the users.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nascimento
- Department of Hydraulics and Water Resources Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Contorno, 842, 30110-060 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Baptista J, Spencer P, Aroeira L, Casare M, Nascimento N. Effects of gamma rays on the immunogenicity (IgG types) of ovalbumin. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Netto DP, Chiacchio SB, Bicudo PL, Alfieri AA, Balarim MRS, Nascimento N. Hematological changes in sheep inoculated with natural and Cobalt60-irradiated Crotalus durissus terrificus venom (Laurenti, 1768). J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992004000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Netto DP, Chiacchio SB, Bicudo PL, Alfieri AA, Nascimento N. Humoral response and neutralization capacity of sheep serum inoculated with natural and Cobalt 60-irradiated Crotalus durissus terrificus venom (Laurenti, 1768). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-79302002000200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Tempone AG, Andrade HF, Spencer PJ, Lourenço CO, Rogero JR, Nascimento N. Bothrops moojeni venom kills Leishmania spp. with hydrogen peroxide generated by its L-amino acid oxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 280:620-4. [PMID: 11162565 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.4175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an endemic tropical disease in South America, with few therapeutic approaches. Snake venoms are complex protein mixtures with biological actions that could be used as tools for drug development. Here we show that Bothrops moojeni crude venom presented a killing effect in vitro against Leishmania spp. promastigotes, but not with amastigotes, as determined by a viability assay using the mitochondrial oxidative function. Purification of active fractions from crude venom was performed by molecular exclusion and ion exchange chromatography. Anti-Leishmania and l-amino acid oxidase (L-AAO, EC.1.4.3.2.) activities co-eluted in the same fractions. The molecular weight of the active enzyme was estimated to be 140 kDa by molecular exclusion chromatography, and 69 kDa by SDS--PAGE, with a 4.8 isoelectric point. Using substrate subtraction and catalase for scavenging, the action of L-AAO was demonstrated to be hydrogen-peroxide-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Tempone
- Radiobiology Division, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares-IPEN/CNEN-SP, Travessa R 400, Cid Universitária, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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21
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Abstract
Crotalus durissus envenomation is treated using antivenins produced in horses. During production, animals have problems, sometimes followed by death, due to the high toxicity of the main toxin, crotoxin. Several methods tested to detoxify this toxin often resulted in decreased immunogenicity. Gamma irradiation has proved to be a successful method for crotoxin detoxification without loss of immunogenicity. We have studied the biodistribution of 2 kGy 60Co irradiated crotoxin (iCTX) in mouse tissues. We used both 125I-labeled iCTX or its detection by a specific immunohistochemistry assay (IHA). Both approaches showed similar early excretion of toxins by the kidneys. Higher iCTX uptake was seen in spleen and liver, which are rich in immune responder cells. In contrast to previous reports concerning native crotoxin (nCTX), we failed to detect iCTX in the neuromuscular junction, but both toxins were found on the kidney tubular cell surface, with rapid excretion that was more intense for iCTX. Kupffer cells and splenocyte macrophages presented IHA staining, as shown by the increased uptake of 125I toxin by these organs. No staining was observed in the brain, lung or heart, which also showed very low 125I counts. Allied to reduced toxicity, irradiation induced early endocytosis of crotoxin by phagocytic cells, improving antigen processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Cardi
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares-IPEN/CNEN-SP, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gallacci M, Nascimento N, Rogero JR, Vassilieff VS. Influence of temperature upon effects of crotoxin and gamma-irradiated crotoxin at rat neuromuscular transmission. Toxicol Lett 2000; 114:77-80. [PMID: 10713471 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The influence of temperature upon the effects of crotoxin (CTX), from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, and gamma-irradiated (60Co, 2000 Gy) crotoxin (iCTX) was studied in rat neuromuscular transmission 'in vitro'. Indirect twitches were evoked in the phrenic-diaphragm preparation by supramaximal strength pulses with a duration of 0.5 ms and frequency of 0.5 Hz. The phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) enzymatic activity of CTX and iCTX was assayed against phosphadityl choline in Triton X-100. At 27 degrees C, CTX (14 microg/ml) did not affect the amplitude of indirectly evoked twitches. However, at 37 degrees C, CTX induced a time-dependent blockade of the neuromuscular transmission that started at 90 min and was completed within 240 min. iCTX (14 microg/ml) was inneffective on the neuromuscular transmission either at 27 or 37 degrees C. The PLA(2) enzymatic activity of CTX at 37 degrees C was 84 and that at 27 degrees C was 27 micromol fatty acid released/min/mg protein, and that of the iCTX at 37 degrees C was 39 micromol fatty acid released/min/mg protein. Thus, it was concluded that the mechanism of detoxification of CTX by gamma radiation at the neuromuscular level relies on the loss of its PLA(2) enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gallacci
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências-UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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23
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Abstract
The behavioral effects of crotoxin (CTX), the major component of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, were studied in rats submitted to the open field, holeboard, and social interaction tests. CTX (100, 250, and 500 microg/kg, i.p.) was administered 2 h before the tests. In the open field, CTX reduced ambulation (250 microg/kg) and rearing (250 and 500 microg/kg) and increased grooming (100 and 250 microg/kg) and freezing (250 microg/kg). In the holeboard and social interaction, all the CTX doses evaluated decreased, respectively, head dip and head dipping, and social interaction time. The CTX-induced behavioral alterations could be attributed to its neuromuscular transmission blockade, but this possibility was ruled out because CTX (250 and 500 microg/kg, i.p., 2 h before the rotarod test) was unable to modify the rotarod performance of rats. The involvement of the benzodiazepine receptor in the CTX-induced behavioral alterations was investigated through the pretreatment (30 min before the tests, i.p.) of the animals with diazepam (1.2 mg/kg), or flumazenil (4 and 10 mg/kg). Both diazepam and flumazenil antagonized the CTX-induced behavioral alterations in the open field, holeboard, and social interaction tests. This study demonstrated that: (1) CTX is an anxiogenic compound; and (2) the gabaergic-benzodiazepine system may play a role in the CTX-induced anxiogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Moreira
- Centro de Assistência Toxicológica (CEATOX), IBB, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
Bothrops venoms are complex mixtures of components with a wide range of biological activities. Among these substances, myotoxins have been investigated by several groups. Bothropstoxin-1 (Bthtx-1) is a phospholipase A2-like basic myotoxin from Bothrops jararacussu. The purification of this component involves two chromatographic steps. Although providing a pure material, the association of these two steps is time consuming and a single-step method using high performance chromatography media would be useful. In the present study, we describe a single-step purification method for Bthtx-1. Bothrops jararacussu venom was dissolved in 1 ml buffer. After centrifugation, the supernatant was injected into a Resource-S cation exchange column connected to an FPLC system and eluted with a linear salt gradient. The complete procedure took 20 min, representing a considerable time gain when compared to a previously described method (Homsi-Brandenburgo MI et al. (1988) Toxicon, 26: 615-627). Bthtx-1 purity and identity, assessed by SDS-PAGE and N-terminal sequencing, resulted in a single band with a molecular mass of about 14 kDa and the expected sequence of the first 5 residues, S-L-F-E-L. Although the amount of protein purified after each run is lower than in the previously described method, we believe that this method may be useful for small-scale purifications.
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Vassilieff V, Moreira E, Nascimento N, Rogero J. Gabaergic-benzodiazepine system is involved in the crotoxin-induced behavioral alterations. Toxicol Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(98)80257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gallacci M, Gumieiro D, Nascimento N, Rogero J, Vassilieff V. Detoxification of crotoxin neurotoxicity by gamma radiation. Toxicol Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(98)80609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
A comparative study between crotoxin and gamma irradiated crotoxin was performed on the indirectly evoked twitches and tetani of sciatic nerve-extensor digitorum longus muscle of rats. Crotoxin (3 to 14 microg/ml) decreased the amplitude of twitches and induced a slight tetanic fade, and irradiated crotoxin did not significantly affect either twitch amplitude or tetanic tension. Since gamma radiation reduced the neurotoxicity of crotoxin it may be useful for the production of anticrotalic serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gallacci
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Cardi BA, Nascimento N, Andrade HF. Irradiation of Crotalus durissus terrificus crotoxin with 60Co gamma-rays induces its uptake by macrophages through scavenger receptors. Int J Radiat Biol 1998; 73:557-64. [PMID: 9652814 DOI: 10.1080/095530098142112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the action of 2 kGy 60Co gamma-rays on crotoxin and its favoured uptake through scavenger receptor (ScvR) mouse peritoneal macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS Native or irradiated crotoxin (iCTX) (50 microg/ml) dosed with 2 kGy 60Co gamma-rays (dose-rate 540 Gy/h) were offered to mouse peritoneal macrophages; their uptake was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and quantitative in situ ELISA. Receptors recognizing irradiated crotoxin were evaluated with specific ScvR blockers (Probucol and dextran sulphate) or with non-specific blocking using foetal calf serum (FCS). RESULTS Immunohistochemical assays revealed more deeply staining intracytoplasmic vacuoles in macrophages incubated with iCTX. Using in situ ELISA with ScvR specific blockers, it was shown that the increased uptake of iCTX was blocked by Probucol or dextran sulphate, but not by FCS. On the other hand, the uptake of native crotoxin was decreased by FCS, but not affected by ScvR blockers. The morphology and viability of macrophages were preserved during the experiments. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that 60Co gamma-rays probably induced oxidative changes in crotoxin, driving this toxin towards ScvR mouse peritoneal macrophages. This suggests a different in vivo route of iCTX away from toxic neural sites by a preferential and rapid internalization and processing by macrophages, leading to the induction of a better immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Cardi
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares-IPEN/CNEN-SP-Brazil, São Paulo SP, Brazil
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29
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Abstract
Crotoxin has been detoxified with gamma radiation in order to improve crotalic antiserum production. Nevertheless, present knowledge of the biological characteristics of irradiated crotoxin is insufficient to propose it as an immunizing agent. Crotoxin is known to increase the emotional state of rats and to decrease their exploratory behavior (Moreira EG, Nascimento N, Rosa GJM, Rogero JR and Vassilieff VS (1996) Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 29: 629-632). Therefore, we decided 1) to evaluate the effects of crotoxin in the social interaction test, which has been widely used for the evaluation of anxiogenic drugs, and 2) to determine if irradiated crotoxin induces behavioral alterations similar to those of crotoxin in the social interaction, open-field and hole-board tests. Male Wistar rats (180-220 g) were used. Crotoxin (100, 250, and 500 micrograms/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 2 h before the social interaction test. Similarly, irradiated crotoxin (2000 Gy gamma radiation from a 60Co source) was administered at the doses of 100, 250, and 500 micrograms/kg for the hole-board test, and at the doses of 1000 and 2500 micrograms/kg for the open-field and social interaction tests. ANOVA complemented with the Dunnett test was used for statistical analysis (P < 0.05). Crotoxin decreased the social interaction time(s) at the doses of 100, 250 and 500 micrograms/kg (means +/- SEM) from 51.6 +/- 4.4 to 32.6 +/- 3.7, 28.0 +/- 3.6 and 31.6 +/- 4.4, respectively. Irradiated crotoxin did not induce behavioral alterations. These results indicate that 1) crotoxin may be an anxiogenic compound, and 2) in contrast to crotoxin, irradiated crotoxin was unable to induce behavioral alterations, which makes it a promising compound for the production of crotalic antiserum.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Moreira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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Moreira EG, Nascimento N, Rosa GJ, Rogero JR, Vassilieff VS. Crotoxin-induced behavioral effects in rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 1996; 29:629-32. [PMID: 9033813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Crotoxin is the major component of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom. In view of the presence of high-affinity specific binding sites for crotoxin in the brain, the objective of this work was to investigate whether crotoxin induces behavioral effects in the open-field and hole-board tests. Adult male Wistar rats (180-220 g) treated with crotoxin, 100, 250 and 500 micrograms/kg, ip, administered 2 h before the test, presented statistically significant behavioral alterations (ANOVA for one-way classification complemented with Dunnet test, P < 0.05). In the open-field test, 250 and 500 micrograms/kg of crotoxin increased freezing (from 3.22 sec to 10.75 sec and 11.2 sec) and grooming (from 13.44 sec to 22.75 sec and 21.22 sec) and decreased ambulation (from 64.8 to 39.38 and 45.8). The dose of 500 micrograms/kg also decreased rearing (from 24.9 to 17.5). In the hole-board test, 500 micrograms/kg of crotoxin decreased head-dip count (from 6.33 to 4.00). All the crotoxin-induced behavioral effects were antagonized by an anxiolytic dose of diazepam (1.5 mg/kg, ip. 30 min before the tests). These results show that crotoxin reduced open-field activity and exploratory behavior as well. We suggest that these effects express an increased emotional state induced by this toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Moreira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brasil
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Nascimento N, Spencer P, de Paula R, Cardi B, Rogero J. Cross-reactivity and phospholipase A2 neutralization ability of anti-irradiated Bothrops jararaca venom antibodies. Toxicon 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(96)90062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nascimento N, Spencer PJ, de Paula RA, Andrade HF, Rogero JR. Comparative studies of antisera against different toxins. Adv Exp Med Biol 1996; 391:509-14. [PMID: 8726086 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-0361-9_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Nascimento
- Supervisão de Radiobiologia, Coordenadoria de Bioengenharia-IPEN-CNEN/S.P., São Paulo, Brazil
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