1
|
Selvan BR, Suneesh AS, Ramanathan N. Diglycolamic acid coated cation exchange adsorbent for uranium removal by extraction chromatography. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-023-08869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
|
2
|
Chandra S, Mahapatra N, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K. The Prominence of Facilitator π-Holes: The Classic N←N Pnictogen Bonding in Nitrobenzene-Ammonia Dimer with its Structural Elucidation and Experimental Characterization at Low Temperatures. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203976. [PMID: 36648371 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen of nitro group is a paradigmatic pnictogen due the presence of a π-hole and a number of studies have been performed recently on prototypical nitromethane (NM). Homodimers and heterodimers of NM are sustained by π-hole driven pnictogen bonds hosted by nitrogen. To understand the effect of substitution on this π-hole and thus the pnictogen bond, heterodimers of nitrobenzene (NB; phenyl substitution in place of methyl) with ammonia (AM) have been probed, as a test case, using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and ab initio computations. Of the four structures optimized on the potential energy surface the energetically dominant global minimum, stabilized by π-hole driven O=N←N pnictogen bonding with co-operative N-H←O hydrogen bonding, was experimentally identified at low temperatures. A comparison of the pnictogen bonding of NB-AM dimers with NM counterpart (NM-AM dimers) divulged the dominance of electrostatic origin of pnictogen bonding in both the class of dimers. The reduced strength of pnictogen bonding in NB-AM dimers in comparison to NM-AM dimers was discerned, which has been established to be a consequence of the reduced electrostatic potential at the π-hole of NB relative to that in NM. The strength of π-hole driven pnictogen bond was directly correlated with the binding energy and the infrared shifts in the signature vibrational bands of the NB, NM and AM submolecules due to dimerization under matrix isolated conditions at low temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swaroop Chandra
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, 603102, Tamilnadu, India.,Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam, 603102, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Nandalal Mahapatra
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, 603102, Tamilnadu, India.,Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam, 603102, Tamilnadu, India
| | - N Ramanathan
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, 603102, Tamilnadu, India.,Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam, 603102, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K Sundararajan
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, 603102, Tamilnadu, India.,Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam, 603102, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prathibha T, Kumar S, Chandra S, Maji S, Ramanathan N. The Complexation of Lanthanides by Glycolamide Extractants: Evidences from Electronic Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2023.121396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
4
|
Suryaprasad B, Chandra S, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K. Collective stabilization through n→π* and P…π phosphorous bonding with cooperative halogen and hydrogen bonding in POCl3-Nitrile dimers: Matrix isolation infrared spectroscopic and ab initio computational studies. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.134916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
5
|
Rajani P, Chandra S, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K, Rao CB. Exploring the conformations of Dibutyl Phosphonate (DBP): A matrix isolation infrared spectroscopic and density functional theory studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
6
|
Suneesh A, Selvan BR, Ramanathan N. A chemically functionalized hydroxyacetamide anchored polymeric adsorbent for the selective separation of zirconium from acidic aqueous solutions. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
Mahapatra N, Chandra S, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K. Experimental proof for σ and π-hole driven dual pnicogen bonding in phosphoryl chloride-nitromethane heterodimers: A combined matrix isolation infrared and ab initio computational studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
8
|
Sarkar S, Chandra S, Suneesh A, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K, Suresh A, Sivaraman N. Elucidating the extraction behaviour of tri-n-alkyl phosphates and tris(2-methylbutyl) phosphate with nitrates of uranyl and tetravalent metal ions from infrared spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering studies: A distinct correlation from conformational changes and variation in size of aggregates. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
9
|
Suneesh A, Selvan BR, Prathibha T, Sriram S, Ramanathan N. Extraction chromatography based separation of zirconium(IV) from simulated high-level liquid waste using N,N-di-octyl-2-hydroxyacetamide impregnated amberlite XAD-7 resin. Chemical Engineering Journal Advances 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
10
|
Sruthi P, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K. Pentavalent P…N phosphorus bonding in the heterodimers of POCl3…nitrogen bases: Evidence from matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and Ab initio computations. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
11
|
Chandra S, Suryaprasad B, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K. Nitrogen as a pnicogen?: evidence for π-hole driven novel pnicogen bonding interactions in nitromethane-ammonia aggregates using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and ab initio computations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:6286-6297. [PMID: 33688865 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06273a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of nitrogen, the first member of the pnicogen group, as an electron donor in hypervalent non-covalent interactions has been established long ago, while observation of its electron accepting capability is still elusive experimentally, and remains quite intriguing, conceptually. In the light of minimal computational exploration of this novel class of pnicogen bonding so far, the present work provides experimental proof with unprecedented clarity, for the existence of N(acceptor)N(donor) interaction using the model nitromethane (NM) molecule with ammonia (AM) as a Lewis base in NM-AM aggregates. The NM-AM dimer, in which the nitrogen atom of NM (as a unique pnicogen) accepts electrons from AM (the traditional electron donor), was synthesized at low temperatures under isolated conditions within inert gas matrixes and was characterized using infrared spectroscopy. The experimental generation of the NM-AM dimer stabilized via NN interaction has strong corroboration from ab initio calculations. Furthermore, confirmation regarding the directional prevalence of this NN interaction over C-HN and N-HO hydrogen bonding is elucidated quantitatively by quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), electrostatic potential mapping (ESP), natural bond orbital (NBO), non-covalent interaction (NCI) and energy decomposition (ED) analyses. The present study also allows the extension of σ-hole/π-hole driven interactions to the atoms of the second period, in spite of their low polarizability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swaroop Chandra
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam - 603102, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - B Suryaprasad
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam - 603102, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - N Ramanathan
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam - 603102, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - K Sundararajan
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam - 603102, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rout A, Kumar S, Ramanathan N. Probing the coordination of europium(III) in a functionalized ionic liquid using luminescence spectroscopy. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
13
|
Suryaprasad B, Chandra S, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K. Pentavalent P…π phosphorus bonding with associated Cl…π halogen bonding in influencing the geometry of POCl3-Phenylacetylene heterodimers: Evidence from matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and ab initio computations. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
14
|
Sarkar S, Chandra S, Suryaprasad B, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K, Suresh A. Conformational topography of tris(2-methylbutyl) phosphate and the influence of methyl branching at the non-hyperconjugative carbon on the conformational landscape: insights from matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and DFT computations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:24372-24392. [PMID: 33084659 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03403g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The branching of a methyl group in a linear chain has a profound influence on the conformational morphology as it wields a strong control in reducing a large number of conformations. To unravel the effect of branching on the second non-hyperconjugative carbon atom on the conformational landscape, the conformations of tris(2-methylbutyl)phosphate (T2MBP) were studied using Density Functional Theory (DFT) computations and matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy. Experimentally, T2MBP along with N2/Ar/Kr/Xe gases was effusively expanded and deposited at a low temperature of 12 K, which was subsequently probed using infrared spectroscopy. The computations of all the conformations were accomplished using the B3LYP level of theory with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. A dimethyl(2-methylbutyl) phosphate (DM2MBP) prototype, a molecule containing a single 2-methylbutyl moiety, was examined for its conformations. Computations predicted 18 and 9 conformations each for the 'gauche' and 'trans' families, respectively, in which the third branched carbon completely influences the orientation of the fourth carbon, which simplifies the conformational problem of DM2MBP. Of the 18 and 9 bunches each in the 'gauche' and 'trans' families, only 7 and 3 conformations, respectively, became energetically important, which when extrapolated to T2MBP resulted in 343 and 147 conformational possibilities. The factor of degeneracy further reduced these numbers and a total of 168 conformations effectively contribute to the conformational composition of T2MBP in the gas phase. The role of stereo electronic and steric factors prevalent in the conformational clusters of T2MBP was unravelled respectively using natural bond orbital and non-covalent interaction analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subramee Sarkar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sruthi PK, Chandra S, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K. Unusual blue to red shifting of C-H stretching frequency of CHCl 3 in co-operatively P⋯Cl phosphorus bonded POCl 3-CHCl 3 heterodimers at low temperature inert matrixes. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:174305. [PMID: 33167652 DOI: 10.1063/5.0031162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterodimers of POCl3-CHCl3 were generated in Ne, Ar, and Kr matrixes at low temperatures and were studied using infrared spectroscopy. The remarkable role of co-operative pentavalent phosphorus bonding in the stabilization of the structure dictated by hydrogen bonding is deciphered. The complete potential energy surface of the heterodimer was scanned by ab initio and density functional theory computational methodologies. The hydrogen bond between the phosphoryl oxygen of POCl3 and C-H group of CHCl3 in heterodimers induces a blue-shift in the C-H stretching frequency within the Ne matrix. However, in Ar and Kr matrixes, the C-H stretching frequency is exceptionally red-shifted in stark contrast with Ne. The plausibility of the Fermi resonance by the C-H stretching vibrational mode with higher order modes in the heterodimers has been eliminated as a possible cause within Ar and Kr matrixes by isotopic substitution (CDCl3) experiments. To evaluate the influence of matrixes as a possible cause of red-shift, self-consistent Iso-density polarized continuum reaction field model was applied. This conveyed the important role of the dielectric matrixes in inducing the fascinating vibrational shift from blue (Ne) to red (Ar and Kr) due to the matrix specific transmutation of the POCl3-CHCl3 structure. The heterodimer produced in the Ne matrix possesses a cyclic structure stabilized by hydrogen bonding with co-operative phosphorus bonding, while in Ar and Kr the generation of an acyclic open structure stabilized solely by hydrogen bonding is promoted. Compelling justification regarding the dispersion force based influence of matrix environments in addition to the well-known dielectric influence is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P K Sruthi
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, India
| | - Swaroop Chandra
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, India
| | - N Ramanathan
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, India
| | - K Sundararajan
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gopi R, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K. The structure of benzonitrile-water complex as unveiled by matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy: Is it linear or cyclic at low temperatures? J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
17
|
Chandra S, Suryaprasad B, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K. Dominance of unique Pπ phosphorus bonding with π donors: evidence using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and computational methodology. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20771-20791. [PMID: 32909555 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02880k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Albeit the first account of hypervalentπ interactions has been reported with halogenπ interactions, the feasibility of their extension to other hypervalent atoms as possible Lewis acids is still open. In this work, the role of phosphorus as an acceptor from the π electron cloud (Pπ pnicogen or phosphorus bonding) in PCl3-C2H2 and PCl3-C2H4 heterodimers is explored, by combining matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy with ab initio and DFT computational methodologies. The respective potential energy surfaces of the PCl3-C2H2 and PCl3-C2H4 heterodimers reveal unique minima stabilized by a concert of reasonably strong to weak interactions, of which Pπ phosphorus bonding was energetically dominant. Heterodimers, trimers and tetramers bound primarily by this unique phosphorus bond were generated at low temperatures. The dominance of phosphorus bonding in the PCl3-C2H2 and PCl3-C2H4 heterodimers over other interactions (such as Hπ, HCl, HP, Clπ and lone pair-π interactions) was confirmed and substantiated using extended quantum theory of atoms in molecules, natural bond orbital, electrostatic potential mapping and energy decomposition analyses. The following inferences in correlation with results from non-covalent-interaction analysis offer a complete understanding of the nature of the Pπ phosphorus bonding interactions. The significance of electrostatic forces kinetically favoring the formation of phosphorus bonded heterodimers, in addition to thermodynamic stabilization, is demonstrated experimentally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swaroop Chandra
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam - 603102, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - B Suryaprasad
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam - 603102, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - N Ramanathan
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam - 603102, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - K Sundararajan
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam - 603102, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sarkar S, Ramanathan N, Sruthi P, Sundararajan K. Computational and experimental evidence of N–H…π and cooperative πN…π∗ interactions in pyrrole…benzene and pyrrole…ethylene heterodimers at low temperatures. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
19
|
Sarkar S, Sruthi P, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K. Experimental evidence of N–H⋯N hydrogen bonding in the heterodimers of pyrrole with nitrogen bases. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
20
|
Sarkar S, Sruthi PK, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K. Strong proton-shared hydrogen bonding in a methyl imidazole⋯HCl complex: evidence from matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and ab initio computations. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00029a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for proton-shared hydrogen bonding is provided in a methyl imidazole⋯HCl complex using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and ab initio computations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Sarkar
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
- Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam.603102
- India
| | - P. K. Sruthi
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
- Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam.603102
- India
| | - N. Ramanathan
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
- Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam.603102
- India
| | - K. Sundararajan
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
- Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam.603102
- India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ramanathan N, Sarkar S, Sundararajan K. Prototypical cyclohexane dimers: spectroscopic evidence for σ stacking at low temperatures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:905-913. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05237b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the first unambiguous spectroscopic evidence for the existence of σ stacking interactions in cyclohexane dimers has been provided using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Ramanathan
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam 603 102
- India
| | - Shubhra Sarkar
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam 603 102
- India
| | - K. Sundararajan
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam 603 102
- India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K, Sarkar S, Sruthi P. Exploring reactive species of chlorocarbons and oxygen atom generation at low temperatures using electron gun assembly. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
23
|
Sarkar S, Ramanathan N, Sruthi PK, Sundararajan K. Conformations of diethyl ether and its interaction with pyrrole at low temperatures. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 213:361-369. [PMID: 30721851 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Conformations of diethyl ether (DEE) were studied at low temperatures in N2 and Ar matrixes. Computations performed at B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory yielded three minima corresponding to tt, tg± and g±g± conformers of DEE. Of the three, the tt and tg± conformers of DEE were experimentally identified in N2 and Ar matrixes. Furthermore, hydrogen bonded complexes of pyrrole (py) with DEE have been investigated using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy. Computations performed at B3LYP level of theory using aug-cc-pVDZ basis set on pyrrole with tt and tg± conformers of DEE gave py-DEE-tt and py-DEE-tg± complexes, both characterized by NH⋯O interaction. Experimental evidence for the formation of py-DEE-tt and py-DEE-tg± complexes was affirmed from the shifts in the NH stretching, NH bending regions of pyrrole and COC and CH stretching regions of DEE. NBO analysis was carried out to understand the charge-transfer delocalization interactions in the conformers of DEE and its hydrogen bonded complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Sarkar
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
| | - N Ramanathan
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
| | - P K Sruthi
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
| | - K Sundararajan
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam 603 102, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sruthi PK, Sarkar S, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K. Elusive hypervalent phosphorus⋯π interactions: evidence for paradigm transformation from hydrogen to phosphorus bonding at low temperatures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:12250-12264. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01925a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A paradigm transformation from hydrogen to phosphorus bonding is found to depend on the proton affinity of the interacting π-systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. K. Sruthi
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam-603 102
- India
| | - Shubhra Sarkar
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam-603 102
- India
| | - N. Ramanathan
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam-603 102
- India
| | - K. Sundararajan
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam-603 102
- India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sarkar S, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K. Experimental Evidence of Synergistic Interactions in Pyrrole–Phenol Complexes at Low Temperatures under Isolated Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9073-9083. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Sarkar
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu 603 102, India
| | - N. Ramanathan
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu 603 102, India
| | - K. Sundararajan
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu 603 102, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ramanathan N, Sarkar S, Sundararajan K, Chandrasekar A, Sankaran K, Suresh A. Influence of Branching on the Conformational Space: Case Study of Tri-sec-butyl Phosphate Using Matrix Isolation Infrared Spectroscopy and DFT Computations. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8229-8242. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Ramanathan
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shubhra Sarkar
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Sundararajan
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aditi Chandrasekar
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Sankaran
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. Suresh
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sarkar S, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K. Effect of Methyl Substitution on the N–H···O Interaction in Complexes of Pyrrole with Water, Methanol, and Dimethyl Ether: Matrix Isolation Infrared Spectroscopy and ab Initio Computational Studies. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:2445-2460. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Sarkar
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
| | - N. Ramanathan
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
| | - K. Sundararajan
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sruthi PK, Ramanathan N, Sarkar S, Sundararajan K. Pentavalent phosphorus as a unique phosphorus donor in POCl3 homodimer and POCl3–H2O heterodimer: matrix isolation infrared spectroscopic and computational studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:22058-22075. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03937b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus, an important element among the pnicogen group, opens up avenues for experimental and computational explorations of its interaction in a variety of compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. K. Sruthi
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam 603 102
- India
| | - N. Ramanathan
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam 603 102
- India
| | - Shubhra Sarkar
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam 603 102
- India
| | - K. Sundararajan
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam 603 102
- India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sarkar S, Ramanathan N, Gopi R, Sundararajan K. Pyrrole multimers and pyrrole-acetylene hydrogen bonded complexes studied in N2 and para-H2 matrixes using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and ab initio computations. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- N. Ramanathan
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, ‡Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Sankaran
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, ‡Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Sundararajan
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, ‡Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K, Viswanathan KS. Conformational Landscape of Tri-n-butyl Phosphate: Matrix Isolation Infrared Spectroscopy and Systematic Computational Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:6108-6121. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Ramanathan
- Materials
Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Sundararajan
- Materials
Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. S. Viswanathan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, Sector 81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gopi R, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K. Experimental evidence for the blue-shifted hydrogen-bonded complexes of CHF 3 with π-electron donors. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2017; 181:137-147. [PMID: 28351820 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Blue-shifted hydrogen-bonded complexes of fluoroform (CHF3) with benzene (C6H6) and acetylene (C2H2) have been investigated using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and ab initio computations. For CHF3-C6H6 complex, calculations performed at the B3LYP and MP2 levels of theory using 6-311++G (d,p) and aug-cc-pVDZ basis sets discerned two minima corresponding to a 1:1 hydrogen-bonded complex. The global minimum correlated to a structure, where the interaction is between the hydrogen of CHF3 and the π-electrons of C6H6 and a weak local minimum was stabilized through H…F interaction. For the CHF3-C2H2 complex, computation performed at MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory yielded two minima, corresponding to the cyclic C-H…π complex A (global) and a linear C-H…F (n-σ) complex B (local). Experimentally a blue-shift of 32.3cm-1 and 7.7cm-1 was observed in the ν1 C-H stretching mode of CHF3 sub-molecule in Ar matrix for the 1:1 C-H…π complexes of CHF3 with C6H6 and C2H2 respectively. Natural bond orbital (NBO), Atoms-in-molecule (AIM) and energy decomposition (EDA) analyses were carried out to explain the blue-shifting and the nature of the interaction in these complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Gopi
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam 603102, India
| | - N Ramanathan
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, India
| | - K Sundararajan
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam 603102, India.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gopi R, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K. Probing C-H⋯N interaction in acetylene-benzonitrile complex using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and DFT computations. Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
34
|
Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K, Gopi R, Sankaran K. Photooxidation of Trimethyl Phosphite in Nitrogen, Oxygen, and para-Hydrogen Matrixes at Low Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2121-2131. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Ramanathan
- Materials
Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group and ‡Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102, India
| | - K. Sundararajan
- Materials
Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group and ‡Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102, India
| | - R. Gopi
- Materials
Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group and ‡Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102, India
| | - K. Sankaran
- Materials
Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group and ‡Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sreenivasulu B, Suresh A, Rajeswari S, Ramanathan N, Antony MP, Sivaraman N, Joseph M. Physicochemical properties and radiolytic degradation studies on tri-iso-amyl phosphate (TiAP). RADIOCHIM ACTA 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2016-2674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The solvent composed of tri-iso-amyl phosphate (TiAP) in n-dodecane (n-DD) is regarded as a promising candidate for reprocessing of spent fuel. In this context, the radiolytic degradation of a solution of TiAP in n-dodecane was investigated by irradiating the solvent to various absorbed dose levels of γ-radiation. The neat extractant or a solution of extractant in n-dodecane was irradiated in the presence of nitric acid. Physicochemical properties such as density, viscosity and interfacial tension (IFT) were measured for unirradiated and irradiated solutions. The extent of degradation was determined by measuring the variation in extraction behavior of U(VI) and Pu(IV) with irradiated solvent systems. Uranium and plutonium retention with irradiated solvents was also measured. The distribution ratio of uranium and plutonium increased with increase in absorbed dose. Effect of alpha degradation was studied by plutonium retention as a function of time using 1.1 M TiAP/n-DD. Laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric technique was employed to identify the possible radiolytic degradation products. Similar studies were also carried out with tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) based solvent system under identical experimental conditions and the results are compared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. Sreenivasulu
- Chemistry Group, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. Suresh
- Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Rajeswari
- Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N. Ramanathan
- Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. P. Antony
- Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagarajan Sivaraman
- Chemistry Group, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603 102, Tamil Nadu, India , Fax: 27480065
| | - M. Joseph
- Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sundararajan K, Gopi R, Ramanathan N. Conformations of propargyl alcohol and its interaction with acetylene: A matrix isolation infrared and DFT computations. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
37
|
Sundararajan K, Sankaran K, Ramanathan N, Gopi R. Production and characterization of para-hydrogen gas for matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
38
|
Rajapandi S, Ramanathan N, Pourouchottamane R, Thiruvenkadan AK, Kumar VRS, Pankaj PK, Rajendiran AS. Analysis of Reproductive Traits of Broiler Rabbits Reared in Sub-temperate Climate of Kodai Hills, Tamil Nadu, India. Vet World 2016; 8:1045-50. [PMID: 27047196 PMCID: PMC4774770 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.1045-1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study was carried out at Institute Rabbit Farm of Southern Regional Research Centre, Mannavanur, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India having sub-temperate climate with winter temperature during night hours going below 0°C with an objective of finding the influence of different factors such as breed, year, season and parity on different reproductive traits of broiler rabbits in order to come out with the best strategies for improving the productivity. Materials and Methods: A total of 1793 records (946 White Giant and 847 Soviet Chinchilla) for weight at mating (WM), weight at kindling (WK), gestation length (GL), litter size at birth (LSB) and litter size at weaning (LSW), litter weight at birth (LWB), and litter weight at weaning (LWW) were collected in the period between 2000 and 2009 and the data was analyzed using general linear model option of SAS 9.2. Results: The overall mean GL, WM, WK, LSB, LSW, LWB, and LWW were 31.68±0.04 days, 3.65±0.01 kg, 3.84±0.01 kg, 6.91±0.08, 5.49±0.09, 387.62±4.07 g, and 4.66±0.07 kg, respectively. The breed has significantly influenced GL, WK, LSW, LWB, and LWW. The LSB, LSW, LWB, and LWW were 7.05±0.11, 5.76±0.13, 399.55±5.88 g, and 4.87±0.10 kg, respectively in White Giant and corresponding values for Soviet Chinchilla were 6.78±0.11, 5.22±0.12, 375.91±5.64 g, and 4.46±0.09 kg, respectively. The year of kindling had significantly affected all the reproductive traits under study and is varying over different years. The parity significantly influenced the WM, WK, and LWW. The LWW increased from first (4.16±0.21 kg) to second parity (4.86±0.19 kg) and remained in the same range from third parity onward. WM was significantly higher in spring season (3.72±0.02) than the animals in rainy (3.59±0.02) and winter season (3.65±0.02). Better reproductive performance in terms of higher LSB, LSW, LWB, and LWW as observed in the present study might be due to conducive environmental conditions prevailing in the region. Conclusion: The significant effects of the non-genetic factors like year of kindling on all reproductive traits, season, and parity on some of the traits in rabbit breeds are indications that any future production enhancement strategy must take into consideration the environment by providing additional care, feed supplementation and better shelter management to the rabbits, so that the full genetic potential can be realized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Rajapandi
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Gandhi Gram Rural Institute, Gandhigram, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Ramanathan
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Gandhi Gram Rural Institute, Gandhigram, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Pourouchottamane
- Southern Regional Research Centre, ICAR - CSWRI, Mannavanur, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A K Thiruvenkadan
- Department of Bio Statistics, Veterinary College & Research Institute (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Ramesh Saravana Kumar
- Department of Livestock Production Management, Veterinary College & Research Institute (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P K Pankaj
- Section of Transfer of Technology, ICAR - Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture,Saidabad, Hyderabad,Telangana, India
| | - A S Rajendiran
- Southern Regional Research Centre, ICAR - CSWRI, Mannavanur, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K, Vidya K, Jemmis ED. Non-covalent C-Cl…π interaction in acetylene-carbon tetrachloride adducts: Matrix isolation infrared and ab initio computational studies. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2016; 157:69-78. [PMID: 26722673 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-covalent halogen-bonding interactions between π cloud of acetylene (C2H2) and chlorine atom of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) have been investigated using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and quantum chemical computations. The structure and the energies of the 1:1 C2H2-CCl4 adducts were computed at the B3LYP, MP2 and M05-2X levels of theory using 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The computations indicated two minima for the 1:1 C2H2-CCl4 adducts; with the C-Cl…π adduct being the global minimum, where π cloud of C2H2 is the electron donor. The second minimum corresponded to a C-H…Cl adduct, in which C2H2 is the proton donor. The interaction energies for the adducts A and B were found to be nearly identical. Experimentally, both C-Cl…π and C-H…Cl adducts were generated in Ar and N2 matrixes and characterized using infrared spectroscopy. This is the first report on halogen bonded adduct, stabilized through C-Cl…π interaction being identified at low temperatures using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy. Atoms in Molecules (AIM) and Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analyses were performed to support the experimental results. The structures of 2:1 ((C2H2)2-CCl4) and 1:2 (C2H2-(CCl4)2) multimers and their identification in the low temperature matrixes were also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Ramanathan
- Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
| | - K Sundararajan
- Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, India.
| | - K Vidya
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695016, India
| | - Eluvathingal D Jemmis
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
A phosphorous trichloride (PCl3)–benzene (C6H6) heterodimer was generated in a low temperature N2 matrix and was characterized using infrared spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Ramanathan
- Chemistry Group
- Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam – 603102
- India
| | - K. Sankaran
- Chemistry Group
- Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam – 603102
- India
| | - K. Sundararajan
- Chemistry Group
- Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam – 603102
- India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tangmunarunkit H, Hsieh CK, Longstaff B, Nolen S, Jenkins J, Ketcham C, Selsky J, Alquaddoomi F, George D, Kang J, Khalapyan Z, Ooms J, Ramanathan N, Estrin D. Ohmage. ACM T INTEL SYST TEC 2015. [DOI: 10.1145/2717318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Participatory sensing (PS) is a distributed data collection and analysis approach where individuals, acting alone or in groups, use their personal mobile devices to systematically explore interesting aspects of their lives and communities [Burke et al. 2006]. These mobile devices can be used to capture diverse spatiotemporal data through both intermittent self-report and continuous recording from on-board sensors and applications.
Ohmage (http://ohmage.org) is a modular and extensible open-source, mobile to Web PS platform that records, stores, analyzes, and visualizes data from both prompted self-report and continuous data streams. These data streams are authorable and can dynamically be deployed in diverse settings. Feedback from hundreds of behavioral and technology researchers, focus group participants, and end users has been integrated into ohmage through an iterative participatory design process. Ohmage has been used as an enabling platform in more than 20 independent projects in many disciplines. We summarize the PS requirements, challenges and key design objectives learned through our design process, and ohmage system architecture to achieve those objectives. The flexibility, modularity, and extensibility of ohmage in supporting diverse deployment settings are presented through three distinct case studies in education, health, and clinical research.
Collapse
|
42
|
Ramanathan N, Brahmmananda Rao CVS, Sankaran K, Sundararajan K. Unraveling the Conformational Landscape of Triallyl Phosphate: Matrix Isolation Infrared Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Computations. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:4017-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Ramanathan
- Chemistry
Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - K. Sankaran
- Chemistry
Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Sundararajan
- Chemistry
Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Joshi PR, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K, Sankaran K. Evidence for Phosphorus Bonding in Phosphorus Trichloride–Methanol Adduct: A Matrix Isolation Infrared and ab Initio Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:3440-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511156d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Ramesh Joshi
- Chemistry
Group, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N. Ramanathan
- Chemistry
Group, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Sundararajan
- Chemistry
Group, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Sankaran
- Chemistry
Group, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K, Sankaran K. Conformations of n-butyl imidazole: matrix isolation infrared and DFT studies. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 139:75-85. [PMID: 25554955 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Conformations of n-butyl imidazole (B-IMID) were studied using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy by trapping in argon, xenon and nitrogen matrixes using an effusive nozzle source. The experimental studies were supported by DFT computations performed at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level. Computations identified nine unique minima for B-IMID, corresponding to conformers with tg(±)tt, tg(±)g(∓)t, tg(±)g(±)t, tg(±)tg(±), tg(±)tg(∓), tg(±)g(∓)g(∓), tg(±)g(±)g(±), tg(±)g(∓)g(±) and tg(±)g(±)g(∓) structures, given in order of increasing energy. Computations of the transition state structures connecting the higher energy conformers to the global minimum, tg(±)tt structure were carried out. The barriers for the conformer inter-conversion were found to be ∼2 kcal/mol. Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis was performed to understand the reasons for conformational preferences in B-IMID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Ramanathan
- Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Section, Materials Chemistry Division, Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Sundararajan
- Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Section, Materials Chemistry Division, Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Sankaran
- Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Section, Materials Chemistry Division, Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Gopi R, Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K. Experimental evidence for blue-shifted hydrogen bonding in the fluoroform-hydrogen chloride complex: a matrix-isolation infrared and ab initio study. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:5529-39. [PMID: 24979667 DOI: 10.1021/jp503718v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The 1:1 hydrogen-bonded complex of fluoroform and hydrogen chloride was studied using matrix-isolation infrared spectroscopy and ab initio computations. Using B3LYP and MP2 levels of theory with 6-311++G(d,p) and aug-cc-pVDZ basis sets, the structures of the complexes and their energies were computed. For the 1:1 CHF3-HCl complexes, ab initio computations showed two minima, one cyclic and the other acyclic. The cyclic complex was found to have C-H · · · Cl and C-F · · · H interactions, where CHF3 and HCl sub-molecules act as proton donor and proton acceptor, respectively. The second minimum corresponded to an acyclic complex stabilized only by the C-F · · · H interaction, in which CHF3 is the proton acceptor. Experimentally, we could trap the 1:1 CHF3-HCl cyclic complex in an argon matrix, where a blue-shift in the C-H stretching mode of the CHF3 sub-molecule was observed. To understand the nature of the interactions, Atoms in Molecules and Natural Bond Orbital analyses were carried out to unravel the reasons for blue-shifting of the C-H stretching frequency in these complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Gopi
- Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research , Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sundararajan K, Ramanathan N, Viswanathan K, Vidya K, Jemmis ED. Complexes of acetylene–fluoroform: A matrix isolation and computational study. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
48
|
Sundararajan K, Ramanathan N. Dimethoxymethane–Hydrogen Chloride Interaction: Gas Phase versus Low-Temperature Behavior Studied Using Matrix Isolation Infrared and Density Functional Theory Methods. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:2347-57. [DOI: 10.1021/jp400332v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Sundararajan
- Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102,
Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N. Ramanathan
- Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102,
Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ramanathan N, Sundararajan K. Hydrogen-bonded complexes of trimethyl phosphate and fluoroform: A matrix isolation infrared and ab initio study. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
50
|
Ramanathan N, Kar BP, Sundararajan K, Viswanathan KS. Matrix Isolation Infrared and DFT Study of the Trimethyl Phosphite–Hydrogen Chloride Interaction: Hydrogen Bonding versus Nucleophilic Substitution. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:12014-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jp306961m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Ramanathan
- Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu,
India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Kar
- Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu,
India
| | - K. Sundararajan
- Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu,
India
| | - K. S. Viswanathan
- Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu,
India
| |
Collapse
|