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Park DY, Myung NV. Magnetic Properties of Electrodeposited Cobalt-Platinum (CoPt) and Cobalt-Platinum-Phosphide (CoPtP) Thin Films. Front Chem 2021; 9:733383. [PMID: 34568281 PMCID: PMC8462268 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.733383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CoPt and CoPtP thin films were synthesized using direct current (DC) aqueous electrodeposition from weak alkaline solutions. The basic plating solutions of binary CoPt thin films consisted of cobalt pyrophosphate [Co2P2O7] and chloroplatinic acid [H2PtCl6]. Various amounts of sodium hypophosphite [NaH2PO2] was added to deposit ternary CoPtP thin films. The film composition was adjusted by varying the several electrodeposition parameters including electrolyte composition, solution pH, and current density and correlated to their microstructure and magnetic property (i.e. coercivity and squareness). For the binary CoPt thin films, the maximum coercivities [in-plane coercivity (Hc,//) = ∼1,600 Oe, and perpendicular coercivity (Hc,⊥) = ∼2,500 Oe] were obtained from electrolytes containing 0.01 M H2PtCl6 + 0.04 M Co2P2O7 at current density (CD) of 7.5 mA cm−2. In the case of ternary CoPtP electrodeposits, the maximum coercivities (Hc,// = ∼2,600 Oe, and Hc,⊥ = ∼3,800 Oe) were achieved from baths containing 0.015 M H2PtCl6, 0.07 M Co2P2O7, 0.8 M NaH2PO2 at CD of 7.5 mA cm−2 and solution pH 9. It was suggested that microstructure and magnetic properties are affected not only by the type of substrate but also by chemical compositions and electrodeposition conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-Y Park
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - N V Myung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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Ico G, Myung A, Kim BS, Myung NV, Nam J. Transformative piezoelectric enhancement of P(VDF-TrFE) synergistically driven by nanoscale dimensional reduction and thermal treatment. Nanoscale 2018; 10:2894-2901. [PMID: 29368772 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08296g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the significant potential of organic piezoelectric materials in the electro-mechanical or mechano-electrical applications that require light and flexible material properties, the intrinsically low piezoelectric performance as compared to traditional inorganic materials has limited their full utilization. In this study, we demonstrate that dimensional reduction of poly(vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) at the nanoscale by electrospinning, combined with an appropriate thermal treatment, induces a transformative enhancement in piezoelectric performance. Specifically, the piezoelectric coefficient (d33) reached up to -108 pm V-1, approaching that of inorganic counterparts. Electrospun mats composed of thermo-treated 30 nm nanofibers with a thickness of 15 μm produced a consistent peak-to-peak voltage of 38.5 V and a power output of 74.1 μW at a strain of 0.26% while sustaining energy production over 10k repeated actuations. The exceptional piezoelectric performance was realized by the enhancement of piezoelectric dipole alignment and the materialization of flexoelectricity, both from the synergistic effects of dimensional reduction and thermal treatment. Our findings suggest that dimensionally controlled and thermally treated electrospun P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers provide an opportunity to exploit their flexibility and durability for mechanically challenging applications while matching the piezoelectric performance of brittle, inorganic piezoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ico
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Hernández SC, Hangarter CM, Mulchandani A, Myung NV. Selective recognition of xylene isomers using ZnO–SWNTs hybrid gas sensors. Analyst 2012; 137:2549-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35168d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yoo BY, Hernandez SC, Koo B, Rheem Y, Myung NV. Electrochemically fabricated zero-valent iron, iron-nickel, and iron-palladium nanowires for environmental remediation applications. Water Sci Technol 2007; 55:149-56. [PMID: 17305134 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2007.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Monodisperse crystalline zero-valent iron, iron-nickel, iron-palladium nanowires were synthesised using template-directed electrodeposition methods. Prior to nanowire fabrication, alumina nanotemplates with controlled pore structure (e.g. pore diameter and porosity) were fabricated by anodising high purity aluminium foil in sulphuric acid. After fabrication of alumina nanotemplates, iron, iron-nickel and iron-palladium nanowires were electrodeposited within the pore structure. The dimensions of nanowires including diameter and length were precisely controlled by pore diameter of anodised alumina and deposition rate and time. The composition, crystal structure and orientation were controlled by adjusting electrodeposition parameters including applied current density and solution compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y Yoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Kreth J, Hagerman E, Tam K, Merritt J, Wong DTW, Wu BM, Myung NV, Shi W, Qi F. Quantitative analyses of Streptococcus mutans biofilms with quartz crystal microbalance, microjet impingement and confocal microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 1:277-284. [PMID: 16429589 PMCID: PMC1307168 DOI: 10.1017/s1479050504001516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Microbial biofilm formation can be influenced by many physiological and genetic factors. The conventional microtiter plate assay provides useful but limited information about biofilm formation. With the fast expansion of the biofilm research field, there are urgent needs for more informative techniques to quantify the major parameters of a biofilm, such as adhesive strength and total biomass. It would be even more ideal if these measurements could be conducted in a real-time, non-invasive manner. In this study, we used quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and microjet impingement (MJI) to measure total biomass and adhesive strength, respectively, of S. mutans biofilms formed under different sucrose concentrations. In conjunction with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the COMSTAT software, we show that sucrose concentration affects the biofilm strength, total biomass, and architecture in both qualitative and quantitative manners. Our data correlate well with previous observations about the effect of sucrose on the adherence of S. mutans to the tooth surface, and demonstrate that QCM is a useful tool for studying the kinetics of biofilm formation in real time and that MJI is a sensitive, easy-to-use device to measure the adhesive strength of a biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Kreth
- Department of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - E. Hagerman
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - K. Tam
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering. University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - J. Merritt
- UCLA Molecular Biology Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA
| | - D. T. W. Wong
- Department of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - B. M. Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UCLA School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - N. V. Myung
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering. University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - W. Shi
- Department of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Molecular Biology Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA
| | - F. Qi
- Department of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- * Corresponding author: Dr F. Qi, Department of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, PO Box 951668, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA, T 1 310 825-0203, F 1 310 794-7109, E
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