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SANGEWAR NEHAS, Waghela SD, Yao J, Sang H, Bray JM, Mwangi W. Novel potent IFN-γ-inducing CD8+ T cell epitopes conserved among diverse Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus strains. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.104.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Studies of immune responses elicited by Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) vaccines have primarily focused on the characterization of neutralizing B cell and CD4+ T cell epitopes. Despite availability of vaccines for decades, BVDV prevalence in cattle remains largely unaffected. There is limited knowledge regarding the role of BVDV-specific CD8+ T cells in immune protection and indirect evidence suggests that they play a crucial role during BVDV infection. In this study, presence of BVDV-specific CD8+ T cells that are highly cross-reactive in cattle was demonstrated. Most importantly, novel potent IFN-γ-inducing CD8+ T cell epitopes were identified from different regions of BVDV polyprotein. Eight CD8+ T cell epitopes were identified from structural BVDV antigens: Erns, E1, and E2 glycoproteins. In addition, from nonstructural BVDV antigens: Npro, NS2-3, NS4A-B, and NS5A-B, twenty CD8+ T cell epitopes were identified. Majority of these IFN-γ-inducing CD8+ T cell epitopes were found to be highly conserved among more than two hundred strains from BVDV-1 and -2 genotypes. These conserved epitopes were also validated as cross-reactive since they induced high recall IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cell responses, ex vivo, in purified CD8+ T cells from BVDV-1- and -2-immunized cattle. Altogether, twenty-eight bovine MHC I-binding epitopes were identified from key BVDV antigens that can elicit broadly reactive CD8+ T cells against diverse BVDV strains. The data presented here will lay the groundwork for the development of a contemporary CD8+ T cell-based BVDV vaccine capable of addressing BVDV heterogeneity more effectively than current vaccines.
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