1
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Katz M, Weinstein J, Eilon-Ashkenazy M, Gehring K, Cohen-Dvashi H, Elad N, Fleishman SJ, Diskin R. Structure and receptor recognition by the Lassa virus spike complex. Nature 2022; 603:174-179. [PMID: 35173332 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) is a human pathogen, causing substantial morbidity and mortality1,2. Similar to other Arenaviridae, it presents a class-I spike complex on its surface that facilitates cell entry. The virus's cellular receptor is matriglycan, a linear carbohydrate that is present on α-dystroglycan3,4, but the molecular mechanism that LASV uses to recognize this glycan is unknown. In addition, LASV and other arenaviruses have a unique signal peptide that forms an integral and functionally important part of the mature spike5-8; yet the structure, function and topology of the signal peptide in the membrane remain uncertain9-11. Here we solve the structure of a complete native LASV spike complex, finding that the signal peptide crosses the membrane once and that its amino terminus is located in the extracellular region. Together with a double-sided domain-switching mechanism, the signal peptide helps to stabilize the spike complex in its native conformation. This structure reveals that the LASV spike complex is preloaded with matriglycan, suggesting the mechanism of binding and rationalizing receptor recognition by α-dystroglycan-tropic arenaviruses. This discovery further informs us about the mechanism of viral egress and may facilitate the rational design of novel therapeutics that exploit this binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Katz
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jonathan Weinstein
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maayan Eilon-Ashkenazy
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Katrin Gehring
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hadas Cohen-Dvashi
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nadav Elad
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sarel J Fleishman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Diskin
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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2
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Bian T, Gardin A, Gemen J, Houben L, Perego C, Lee B, Elad N, Chu Z, Pavan GM, Klajn R. Electrostatic co-assembly of nanoparticles with oppositely charged small molecules into static and dynamic superstructures. Nat Chem 2021; 13:940-949. [PMID: 34489564 PMCID: PMC7611764 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00752-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Coulombic interactions can be used to assemble charged nanoparticles into higher-order structures, but the process requires oppositely charged partners that are similarly sized. The ability to mediate the assembly of such charged nanoparticles using structurally simple small molecules would greatly facilitate the fabrication of nanostructured materials and harnessing their applications in catalysis, sensing and photonics. Here we show that small molecules with as few as three electric charges can effectively induce attractive interactions between oppositely charged nanoparticles in water. These interactions can guide the assembly of charged nanoparticles into colloidal crystals of a quality previously only thought to result from their co-crystallization with oppositely charged nanoparticles of a similar size. Transient nanoparticle assemblies can be generated using positively charged nanoparticles and multiply charged anions that are enzymatically hydrolysed into mono- and/or dianions. Our findings demonstrate an approach for the facile fabrication, manipulation and further investigation of static and dynamic nanostructured materials in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Bian
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Andrea Gardin
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied
Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland,Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino,
10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Julius Gemen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Lothar Houben
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Claudio Perego
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied
Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Nadav Elad
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Zonglin Chu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied
Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland,Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino,
10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Rafal Klajn
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot 76100, Israel,
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3
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Zahradník J, Marciano S, Shemesh M, Zoler E, Harari D, Chiaravalli J, Meyer B, Rudich Y, Li C, Marton I, Dym O, Elad N, Lewis MG, Andersen H, Gagne M, Seder RA, Douek DC, Schreiber G. SARS-CoV-2 variant prediction and antiviral drug design are enabled by RBD in vitro evolution. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:1188-1198. [PMID: 34400835 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest and concern will continue to emerge for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. To map mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein that affect binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, we applied in vitro evolution to affinity-mature the RBD. Multiple rounds of random mutagenic libraries of the RBD were sorted against decreasing concentrations of ACE2, resulting in the selection of higher affinity RBD binders. We found that mutations present in more transmissible viruses (S477N, E484K and N501Y) were preferentially selected in our high-throughput screen. Evolved RBD mutants include prominently the amino acid substitutions found in the RBDs of B.1.620, B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B1.351 (Beta) and P.1 (Gamma) variants. Moreover, the incidence of RBD mutations in the population as presented in the GISAID database (April 2021) is positively correlated with increased binding affinity to ACE2. Further in vitro evolution increased binding by 1,000-fold and identified mutations that may be more infectious if they evolve in the circulating viral population, for example, Q498R is epistatic to N501Y. We show that our high-affinity variant RBD-62 can be used as a drug to inhibit infection with SARS-CoV-2 and variants Alpha, Beta and Gamma in vitro. In a model of SARS-CoV-2 challenge in hamster, RBD-62 significantly reduced clinical disease when administered before or after infection. A 2.9 Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of the high-affinity complex of RBD-62 and ACE2, including all rapidly spreading mutations, provides a structural basis for future drug and vaccine development and for in silico evaluation of known antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Zahradník
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shir Marciano
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Shemesh
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal Zoler
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniel Harari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jeanne Chiaravalli
- Chemogenomic and Biological Screening Core Facility, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Björn Meyer
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ira Marton
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orly Dym
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nadav Elad
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Matthew Gagne
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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4
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Elad N, Wolf SG. Maintaining Context in Ice: Cryo-EM/ET Workflow Optimizations. Structure 2021; 28:1179-1181. [PMID: 33147474 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Structure, breakthroughs in cryo-EM/ET research are presented. Klebl et al. (2020) demonstrate how speed in sample vitrification impacts the quality of macromolecular particles in resultant cryo-EM grids. Wu et al. (2020) combine fluorescence, ion beam milling, and tomography to unravel unique features in vitrified yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Elad
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Sharon Grayer Wolf
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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5
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Javitt G, Khmelnitsky L, Albert L, Bigman LS, Elad N, Morgenstern D, Ilani T, Levy Y, Diskin R, Fass D. Assembly Mechanism of Mucin and von Willebrand Factor Polymers. Cell 2020; 183:717-729.e16. [PMID: 33031746 PMCID: PMC7599080 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory and intestinal tracts are exposed to physical and biological hazards accompanying the intake of air and food. Likewise, the vasculature is threatened by inflammation and trauma. Mucin glycoproteins and the related von Willebrand factor guard the vulnerable cell layers in these diverse systems. Colon mucins additionally house and feed the gut microbiome. Here, we present an integrated structural analysis of the intestinal mucin MUC2. Our findings reveal the shared mechanism by which complex macromolecules responsible for blood clotting, mucociliary clearance, and the intestinal mucosal barrier form protective polymers and hydrogels. Specifically, cryo-electron microscopy and crystal structures show how disulfide-rich bridges and pH-tunable interfaces control successive assembly steps in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Remarkably, a densely O-glycosylated mucin domain performs an organizational role in MUC2. The mucin assembly mechanism and its adaptation for hemostasis provide the foundation for rational manipulation of barrier function and coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Javitt
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Lev Khmelnitsky
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Lis Albert
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Lavi Shlomo Bigman
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nadav Elad
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - David Morgenstern
- De Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tal Ilani
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yaakov Levy
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ron Diskin
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Deborah Fass
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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6
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Vimer S, Ben-Nissan G, Morgenstern D, Kumar-Deshmukh F, Polkinghorn C, Quintyn RS, Vasil’ev YV, Beckman JS, Elad N, Wysocki VH, Sharon M. Comparative Structural Analysis of 20S Proteasome Ortholog Protein Complexes by Native Mass Spectrometry. ACS Cent Sci 2020; 6:573-588. [PMID: 32342007 PMCID: PMC7181328 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ortholog protein complexes are responsible for equivalent functions in different organisms. However, during evolution, each organism adapts to meet its physiological needs and the environmental challenges imposed by its niche. This selection pressure leads to structural diversity in protein complexes, which are often difficult to specify, especially in the absence of high-resolution structures. Here, we describe a multilevel experimental approach based on native mass spectrometry (MS) tools for elucidating the structural preservation and variations among highly related protein complexes. The 20S proteasome, an essential protein degradation machinery, served as our model system, wherein we examined five complexes isolated from different organisms. We show that throughout evolution, from the Thermoplasma acidophilum archaeal prokaryotic complex to the eukaryotic 20S proteasomes in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and mammals (rat - Rattus norvegicus, rabbit - Oryctolagus cuniculus and human - HEK293 cells), the proteasome increased both in size and stability. Native MS structural signatures of the rat and rabbit 20S proteasomes, which heretofore lacked high-resolution, three-dimensional structures, highly resembled that of the human complex. Using cryoelectron microscopy single-particle analysis, we were able to obtain a high-resolution structure of the rat 20S proteasome, allowing us to validate the MS-based results. Our study also revealed that the yeast complex, and not those in mammals, was the largest in size and displayed the greatest degree of kinetic stability. Moreover, we also identified a new proteoform of the PSMA7 subunit that resides within the rat and rabbit complexes, which to our knowledge have not been previously described. Altogether, our strategy enables elucidation of the unique structural properties of protein complexes that are highly similar to one another, a framework that is valid not only to ortholog protein complexes, but also for other highly related protein assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Vimer
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gili Ben-Nissan
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Morgenstern
- Israel
Structural Proteomics Center, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Caley Polkinghorn
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Royston S. Quintyn
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry
Guided Structural Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yury V. Vasil’ev
- e-MSion
Inc., 2121 NE Jack London
Drive, Corvallis, Oregon 97330, United States
| | - Joseph S. Beckman
- e-MSion
Inc., 2121 NE Jack London
Drive, Corvallis, Oregon 97330, United States
- Linus
Pauling Institute and the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Nadav Elad
- Department
of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vicki H. Wysocki
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry
Guided Structural Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Michal Sharon
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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7
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Cohen-Dvashi H, Zehner M, Ehrhardt S, Katz M, Elad N, Klein F, Diskin R. Structural Basis for a Convergent Immune Response against Ebola Virus. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 27:418-427.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Palmer BA, Yallapragada VJ, Schiffmann N, Wormser EM, Elad N, Aflalo ED, Sagi A, Weiner S, Addadi L, Oron D. A highly reflective biogenic photonic material from core-shell birefringent nanoparticles. Nat Nanotechnol 2020; 15:138-144. [PMID: 31932761 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0609-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Spectacular natural optical phenomena are produced by highly reflective assemblies of organic crystals. Here we show how the tapetum reflector in a shrimp eye is constructed from arrays of spherical isoxanthopterin nanoparticles and relate the particle properties to their optical function. The nanoparticles are composed of single-crystal isoxanthopterin nanoplates arranged in concentric lamellae around a hollow core. The spherulitic birefringence of the nanoparticles, which originates from the radial alignment of the plates, results in a significant enhancement of the back-scattering. This enables the organism to maximize the reflectivity of the ultrathin tapetum, which functions to increase the eye's sensitivity and preserve visual acuity. The particle size, core/shell ratio and packing are also controlled to optimize the intensity and spectral properties of the tapetum back-scattering. This system offers inspiration for the design of photonic crystals constructed from spherically symmetric birefringent particles for use in ultrathin reflectors and as non-iridescent pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Palmer
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | | | - Nathan Schiffmann
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal Merary Wormser
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nadav Elad
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eliahu D Aflalo
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Achva Academic College, Arugot, Israel
| | - Amir Sagi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Steve Weiner
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dan Oron
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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9
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Varsano N, Beghi F, Dadosh T, Elad N, Pereiro E, Haran G, Leiserowitz L, Addadi L. The Effect of the Phospholipid Bilayer Environment on Cholesterol Crystal Polymorphism. Chempluschem 2020; 84:317. [PMID: 31939223 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Invited for this month's cover are the group of Prof. Lia Addadi at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel and collaborators at the Università Degli Studi di Milano, Italy, and the ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Spain. The front cover shows how cholesterol crystals form in macrophage cells and in lipid bilayers of different compositions. Cholesterol monohydrate stable triclinic crystals form in vitro as rhomb-shaped plates, whereas the monoclinic crystals fold into tubular or helical shapes. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201800632.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Varsano
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Fabio Beghi
- Department of Chemistry, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milano, Italy
| | - Tali Dadosh
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Nadav Elad
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Eva Pereiro
- MISTRAL Beamline-Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08290, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gilad Haran
- Department of Chemical & Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Leslie Leiserowitz
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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10
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Zhang G, Hirsch A, Shmul G, Avram L, Elad N, Brumfeld V, Pinkas I, Feldman Y, Ben Asher R, Palmer BA, Kronik L, Leiserowitz L, Weiner S, Addadi L. Guanine and 7,8-Dihydroxanthopterin Reflecting Crystals in the Zander Fish Eye: Crystal Locations, Compositions, and Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19736-19745. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gan Zhang
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Anna Hirsch
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Guy Shmul
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Liat Avram
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nadav Elad
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Vlad Brumfeld
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Iddo Pinkas
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yishay Feldman
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Raz Ben Asher
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Benjamin A. Palmer
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Leslie Leiserowitz
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Steve Weiner
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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11
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Jantschke A, Pinkas I, Hirsch A, Elad N, Schertel A, Addadi L, Weiner S. Anhydrous β-guanine crystals in a marine dinoflagellate: Structure and suggested function. J Struct Biol 2019; 207:12-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Varsano N, Beghi F, Dadosh T, Elad N, Pereiro E, Haran G, Leiserowitz L, Addadi L. Front Cover: The Effect of the Phospholipid Bilayer Environment on Cholesterol Crystal Polymorphism (ChemPlusChem 4/2019). Chempluschem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neta Varsano
- Department of Structural BiologyWeizmann Institute of Science 234 Herzl Street Rehovot Israel
| | - Fabio Beghi
- Department of ChemistryUniversità Degli Studi di Milano Italy
| | - Tali Dadosh
- Department of Chemical Research SupportWeizmann Institute of Science
| | - Nadav Elad
- Department of Chemical Research SupportWeizmann Institute of Science
| | - Eva Pereiro
- MISTRAL Beamline-Experiments DivisionALBA Synchrotron Light Source Cerdanyola del Valles 08290 Barcelona Spain
| | - Gilad Haran
- Department of Chemical & Biological PhysicsWeizmann Institute of Science
| | | | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural BiologyWeizmann Institute of Science 234 Herzl Street Rehovot Israel
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13
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Varsano N, Beghi F, Dadosh T, Elad N, Pereiro E, Haran G, Leiserowitz L, Addadi L. The Effect of the Phospholipid Bilayer Environment on Cholesterol Crystal Polymorphism. Chempluschem 2019; 84:338-344. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neta Varsano
- Department of Structural BiologyWeizmann Institute of Science 234 Herzl Street Rehovot Israel
| | - Fabio Beghi
- Department of ChemistryUniversità Degli Studi di Milano Italy
| | - Tali Dadosh
- Department of Chemical Research SupportWeizmann Institute of Science
| | - Nadav Elad
- Department of Chemical Research SupportWeizmann Institute of Science
| | - Eva Pereiro
- MISTRAL Beamline-Experiments DivisionALBA Synchrotron Light Source Cerdanyola del Valles 08290 Barcelona Spain
| | - Gilad Haran
- Department of Chemical & Biological PhysicsWeizmann Institute of Science
| | | | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural BiologyWeizmann Institute of Science 234 Herzl Street Rehovot Israel
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14
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Rosenblum G, Elad N, Wiggers F, Hofmann H. Observation of Allosteric Signaling through DNA with Single-Molecule FRET and Cryo-EM. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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15
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Abstract
We realized a pure phase of anhydrous guanine (AG) β form for the first time via a transformation from hydrated amorphous guanine phase (HAmG). The specified transformation was probably due to the similar short-range order between AG β and HAmG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Bianbian Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Nadav Elad
- Department of Chemical Research Support
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot 760001
- Israel
| | - Assaf Gal
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot 760001
- Israel
| | - Yanan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Yurong Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Limin Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
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16
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Baron S, Peleg Y, Grunwald J, Morgenstern D, Elad N, Peretz M, Albeck S, Levin Y, Welch JT, DeWeerd KA, Schwarz A, Burstein Y, Diskin R, Shakked Z, Zimhony O. Expression of a recombinant, 4'-Phosphopantetheinylated, active M. tuberculosis fatty acid synthase I in E. coli. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204457. [PMID: 30248156 PMCID: PMC6152951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty acid synthase 1 (FAS I) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an essential protein and a promising drug target. FAS I is a multi-functional, multi-domain protein that is organized as a large (1.9 MDa) homohexameric complex. Acyl intermediates produced during fatty acid elongation are attached covalently to an acyl carrier protein (ACP) domain. This domain is activated by the transfer of a 4'-Phosphopantetheine (4'-PP, also termed P-pant) group from CoA to ACP catalyzed by a 4'-PP transferase, termed acyl carrier protein synthase (AcpS). Methods In order to obtain an activated FAS I in E. coli, we transformed E. coli with tagged Mtb fas1 and acpS genes encoded by a separate plasmid. We induced the expression of Mtb FAS I following induction of AcpS expression. FAS I was purified by Strep-Tactin affinity chromatography. Results Activation of Mtb FAS I was confirmed by the identification of a bound P-pant group on serine at position 1808 by mass spectrometry. The purified FAS I displayed biochemical activity shown by spectrophotometric analysis of NADPH oxidation and by CoA production, using the Ellman reaction. The purified Mtb FAS I forms a hexameric complex shown by negative staining and cryo-EM. Conclusion Purified hexameric and active Mtb FAS I is required for binding and drug inhibition studies and for structure-function analysis of this enzyme. This relatively simple and short procedure for Mtb FAS I production should facilitate studies of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Baron
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoav Peleg
- Structural Proteomics Unit (SPU), Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jacob Grunwald
- Structural Proteomics Unit (SPU), Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Morgenstern
- De Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nadav Elad
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moshe Peretz
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shira Albeck
- Structural Proteomics Unit (SPU), Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yishai Levin
- De Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - John T. Welch
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences University at Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Kim A. DeWeerd
- Molecular Core Facility College of Arts and Sciences University at Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Alon Schwarz
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yigal Burstein
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Diskin
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zippora Shakked
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oren Zimhony
- Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, affiliated to the School of Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail: ,
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17
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Palmer BA, Taylor GJ, Brumfeld V, Gur D, Shemesh M, Elad N, Osherov A, Oron D, Weiner S, Addadi L. The image-forming mirror in the eye of the scallop. Science 2017; 358:1172-1175. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aam9506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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18
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Hirsch A, Palmer BA, Elad N, Gur D, Weiner S, Addadi L, Kronik L, Leiserowitz L. Biologically Controlled Morphology and Twinning in Guanine Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hirsch
- Department of Materials and Interfaces; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Benjamin A. Palmer
- Department of Structural Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Nadav Elad
- Department of Chemical Research Support; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Dvir Gur
- Departments of Molecular Cell Biology and of Physics of Complex Systems; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Steve Weiner
- Department of Structural Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Materials and Interfaces; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Leslie Leiserowitz
- Department of Materials and Interfaces; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
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Hirsch A, Palmer BA, Elad N, Gur D, Weiner S, Addadi L, Kronik L, Leiserowitz L. Biologically Controlled Morphology and Twinning in Guanine Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hirsch
- Department of Materials and Interfaces; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Benjamin A. Palmer
- Department of Structural Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Nadav Elad
- Department of Chemical Research Support; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Dvir Gur
- Departments of Molecular Cell Biology and of Physics of Complex Systems; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Steve Weiner
- Department of Structural Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Materials and Interfaces; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
| | - Leslie Leiserowitz
- Department of Materials and Interfaces; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovoth 76100 Israel
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20
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Palmer BA, Taylor GJ, Brumeld V, Gur D, Shemesh M, Elad N, Osherov A, Oron D, Weiner S, Addadi L. Biologically controlled crystal growth: the image-forming mirror in the eye of the scallop. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767317097045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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21
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Elad N, De Strooper B, Lismont S, Hagen W, Veugelen S, Arimon M, Horré K, Berezovska O, Sachse C, Chávez-Gutiérrez L. The dynamic conformational landscape of gamma-secretase. J Cell Sci 2016; 128:589-98. [PMID: 25501811 PMCID: PMC4311135 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.164384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure and function of the gamma-secretase proteases are of great interest because of their crucial roles in cellular and disease processes. We established a novel purification protocol for the gamma-secretase complex that involves a conformation- and complex-specific nanobody, yielding highly pure and active enzyme. Using single particle electron microscopy, we analyzed the gamma-secretase structure and its conformational variability. Under steady-state conditions, the complex adopts three major conformations, which differ in overall compactness and relative position of the nicastrin ectodomain. Occupancy of the active or substrate-binding sites by inhibitors differentially stabilizes subpopulations of particles with compact conformations, whereas a mutation linked to familial Alzheimer disease results in enrichment of extended-conformation complexes with increased flexibility. Our study presents the csecretase complex as a dynamic population of interconverting conformations, involving rearrangements at the nanometer scale and a high level of structural interdependence between subunits. The fact that protease inhibition or clinical mutations, which affect amyloid beta (Abeta) generation, enrich for particular subpopulations of conformers indicates the functional relevance of the observed dynamic changes, which are likely to be instrumental for highly allosteric behavior of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Elad
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Center of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven & Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Center of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven & Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Authors for correspondence (; ; )
| | - Sam Lismont
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Center of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven & Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Hagen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Veugelen
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Center of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven & Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Muriel Arimon
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Katrien Horré
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Center of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven & Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Oksana Berezovska
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sachse
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Authors for correspondence (; ; )
| | - Lucía Chávez-Gutiérrez
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Center of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven & Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Authors for correspondence (; ; )
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Elad N, Bellapadrona G, Houben L, Sagi I, Elbaum M. Detection of Zn Atoms on Ferritin by Annular Dark-Field cryo-STEM. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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23
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Falvo E, Tremante E, Arcovito A, Papi M, Elad N, Boffi A, Morea V, Conti G, Toffoli G, Fracasso G, Giacomini P, Ceci P. Improved Doxorubicin Encapsulation and Pharmacokinetics of Ferritin-Fusion Protein Nanocarriers Bearing Proline, Serine, and Alanine Elements. Biomacromolecules 2015; 17:514-22. [PMID: 26686226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel human ferritin-based nanocarrier, composed of 24 modified monomers able to auto-assemble into a modified protein cage, was produced and used as selective carrier of anti-tumor payloads. Each modified monomer derives from the genetic fusion of two distinct modules, namely the heavy chain of human ferritin (HFt) and a stabilizing/protective PAS polypeptide sequence rich in proline (P), serine (S), and alanine (A) residues. Two genetically fused protein constructs containing PAS polymers with 40- and 75-residue lengths, respectively, were compared. They were produced and purified as recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli at high yields. Both preparations were highly soluble and stable in vitro as well as in mouse plasma. Size-exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy results indicated that PASylated ferritins are fully assembled and highly monodispersed. In addition, yields and stability of encapsulated doxorubicin were significantly better for both HFt-PAS proteins than for wild-type HFt. Importantly, PAS sequences considerably prolonged the half-life of HFt in the mouse bloodstream. Finally, our doxorubicin-loaded nanocages preserved the pharmacological activity of the drug. Taken together, these results indicate that both of the developed HFt-PAS fusion proteins are promising nanocarriers for future applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Falvo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology CNR, National Research Council of Italy , 00185 Rome, Italy.,Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", University "Sapienza" , 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Tremante
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Arcovito
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Istituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadav Elad
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Alberto Boffi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology CNR, National Research Council of Italy , 00185 Rome, Italy.,Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", University "Sapienza" , 00185 Rome, Italy.,Center for Life Nano Science at Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Morea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology CNR, National Research Council of Italy , 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giamaica Conti
- Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona , 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute , 33081Aviano (Pordenone), Italy
| | - Giulio Fracasso
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona , 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Pierpaolo Ceci
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology CNR, National Research Council of Italy , 00185 Rome, Italy
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25
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Acx H, Chávez-Gutiérrez L, Serneels L, Lismont S, Benurwar M, Elad N, De Strooper B. Signature amyloid β profiles are produced by different γ-secretase complexes. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:4346-55. [PMID: 24338474 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.530907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-Secretase complexes are involved in the generation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain. Therefore, γ-secretase has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target in Alzheimer disease (AD). Targeting γ-secretase activity in AD requires the pharmacological dissociation of the processing of physiological relevant substrates and the generation of "toxic" Aβ. Previous reports suggest the differential targeting of γ-secretase complexes, based on their subunit composition, as a valid strategy. However, little is known about the biochemical properties of the different complexes, and key questions regarding their Aβ product profiles should be first addressed. Here, we expressed, purified, and analyzed, under the same conditions, the endopeptidase and carboxypeptidase-like activities of the four γ-secretase complexes present in humans. We find that the nature of the catalytic subunit in the complex affects both activities. Interestingly, PSEN2 complexes discriminate between the Aβ40 and Aβ38 production lines, indicating that Aβ generation in one or the other pathway can be dissociated. In contrast, the APH1 subunit mainly affects the carboxypeptidase-like activity, with APH1B complexes favoring the generation of longer Aβ peptides. In addition, we determined that expression of a single human γ-secretase complex in cell lines retains the intrinsic attributes of the protease while present in the membrane, providing validation for the in vitro studies. In conclusion, our data show that each γ-secretase complex produces a characteristic Aβ signature. The qualitative and quantitative differences between different γ-secretase complexes could be used to advance drug development in AD and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermien Acx
- From the Center for the Biology of Disease, Flemish Institute for Biology (VIB), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Elad N, Volberg T, Patla I, Hirschfeld-Warneken V, Grashoff C, Spatz JP, Fässler R, Geiger B, Medalia O. The role of integrin-linked kinase in the molecular architecture of focal adhesions. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:4099-107. [PMID: 23843624 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.120295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated focal adhesions (FAs) are large, multi-protein complexes that link the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix and take part in adhesion-mediated signaling. These adhesions are highly complex and diverse at the molecular level; thus, assigning particular structural or signaling functions to specific components is highly challenging. Here, we combined functional, structural and biophysical approaches to assess the role of a major FA component, namely, integrin-linked kinase (ILK), in adhesion formation. We show here that ILK plays a key role in the formation of focal complexes, early forms of integrin adhesions, and confirm its involvement in the assembly of fibronectin-bound fibrillar adhesions. Examination of ILK-null fibroblasts by cryo-electron tomography pointed to major structural changes in their FAs, manifested as disarray of the associated actin filaments and an increase in the packing density of FA-related particles. Interestingly, adhesion of the mutant cells to the substrate required a higher ligand density than in control cells. These data indicate that ILK has a key role in integrin adhesion assembly and sub-structure, and in the regulation of the FA-associated cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Elad
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84120, Israel
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Maimon T, Elad N, Dahan I, Medalia O. The human nuclear pore complex as revealed by cryo-electron tomography. Structure 2012; 20:998-1006. [PMID: 22632834 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2012.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are the sole passage through the nuclear envelope, connecting the cytoplasm to the nucleoplasm. These gigantic molecular machines, over 100 MDa in molecular weight, allow free diffusion of small molecules and ions while mediating selective energy-dependent nucleocytoplasmic transport of large macromolecules. Here, we applied cryo-electron tomography to human fibroblast cells, reconstructing their nuclear envelopes without applying any purification steps. From these reconstructions, we extracted subtomograms containing individual NPCs and utilized in silico subtomogram averaging procedures to determine the structure of the mammalian pore complex at a resolution of ∼6.6 nm. Beyond revealing the canonical features of the human NPC, our analysis identified inner lateral channels and fusing bridge-like structures, suggesting alternative routes of peripheral nuclear passage. Finally, we concluded from our structural analysis that the human NPC is structurally distinct from that of lower eukaryotes in terms of dimension and organization but resembles its amphibian (frog) counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Maimon
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
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Tamir A, Elad N, Medalia O. Assembly and breakdown of microtubules within the midbody. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 4:552-3. [PMID: 22046459 DOI: 10.4161/cib.4.5.16050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal cells, cell division concludes with the separation of two daughter cells during a process called cytokinesis. Abscission, the termination of cytokinesis, is performed through formation of the midbody, a vis-á-vis microtubule (MT)-rich structure bridging the daughter cells. Disassembly of the midbody is the final stage of daughter cell separation and occurs in parallel to membrane fusion in this area. To shed light on this process and to better understand MT organization within the dense area of the midbody structure, an integrative fluorescence microscopy and cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) approach was taken.1 These efforts led to a resolving of MT architecture at single-fiber resolution, resulting in a refined model of abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Tamir
- Department Life Sciences and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev; Ben Gurion University; Beersheva, Israel
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Elad N, Abramovitch S, Sabanay H, Medalia O. Microtubule organization in the final stages of cytokinesis as revealed by cryo-electron tomography. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:207-15. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.073486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The completion of cytokinesis is dominated by the midbody, a tightly-packed microtubule (MT)-based bridge that transiently connects the two daughter cells. Assembled from condensed, spindle-MTs and numerous associated proteins, the midbody gradually narrows down until daughter cell partitioning occurs at this site. Although described many years ago, detailed understanding of the abscission process remains lacking. Applying cryo-electron tomography to purified midbodies, in combination with fluorescence microscopy, we present here new insight into MT organization within the midbody. We find that the midbody is spatially divided into a core bundle of MTs that traverses the electron-dense overlap region (continuous MTs), surrounded by MTs that terminate within the overlap region (polar MTs). Residual continuous MTs remained intact up to the verge of abscission, whereas the residual polar MTs lost their organization and retreated from the overlap region at late cytokinesis stages. A detailed localization of the microtubule-bundling protein PRC1 supports the above notion. Our study thus provides a detailed account of the abscission process and suggests that the midbody, having acquired a distinct MT architecture as compared to the preceding central spindle, actively facilitates the final stage of cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Elad
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Shahar Abramovitch
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Helena Sabanay
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Elad N, Clare DK, Saibil HR, Orlova EV. Detection and separation of heterogeneity in molecular complexes by statistical analysis of their two-dimensional projections. J Struct Biol 2008; 162:108-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 11/08/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Elad N, Farr GW, Clare DK, Orlova EV, Horwich AL, Saibil HR. Topologies of a substrate protein bound to the chaperonin GroEL. Mol Cell 2007; 26:415-26. [PMID: 17499047 PMCID: PMC1885994 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The chaperonin GroEL assists polypeptide folding through sequential steps of binding nonnative protein in the central cavity of an open ring, via hydrophobic surfaces of its apical domains, followed by encapsulation in a hydrophilic cavity. To examine the binding state, we have classified a large data set of GroEL binary complexes with nonnative malate dehydrogenase (MDH), imaged by cryo-electron microscopy, to sort them into homogeneous subsets. The resulting electron density maps show MDH associated in several characteristic binding topologies either deep inside the cavity or at its inlet, contacting three to four consecutive GroEL apical domains. Consistent with visualization of bound polypeptide distributed over many parts of the central cavity, disulfide crosslinking could be carried out between a cysteine in a bound substrate protein and cysteines substituted anywhere inside GroEL. Finally, substrate binding induced adjustments in GroEL itself, observed mainly as clustering together of apical domains around sites of substrate binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Elad
- Department of Crystallography, Birkbeck College London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - George W. Farr
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, Boyer Center, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, Boyer Center, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Daniel K. Clare
- Department of Crystallography, Birkbeck College London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Elena V. Orlova
- Department of Crystallography, Birkbeck College London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Arthur L. Horwich
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, Boyer Center, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, Boyer Center, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Helen R. Saibil
- Department of Crystallography, Birkbeck College London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
- Corresponding author
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33
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Weiss Y, Elad N. Teaching bedside interviewing skills in a social work training program. Soc Work Health Care 1993; 18:201-219. [PMID: 8256180 DOI: 10.1300/j010v18n03_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Teaching interviewing skills has become a permanent feature of the training of social workers, although no standardization exits for interview training. At a learning center established through a collaborative effort between Haifa University and the Kupat Holim, an effective program for teaching bedside interviewing skills was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Weiss
- Carmel Hospital, Haifa, Israel
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