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Das D, Chowdhury N, Sharma M, Suma R, Saikia B, Velmurugan N, Chikkaputtaiah C. Screening for brown-spot disease and drought stress response and identification of dual-stress responsive genes in rice cultivars of Northeast India. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2024; 30:647-663. [PMID: 38737323 PMCID: PMC11087401 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Rice cultivation in Northeast India (NEI) primarily relies on rainfed conditions, making it susceptible to severe drought spells that promote the onset of brown spot disease (BSD) caused by Bipolaris oryzae. This study investigates the response of prevalent rice cultivars of NEI to the combined stress of drought and B. oryzae infection. Morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes were recorded post-stress imposition. Qualitative assessment of reactive oxygen species through DAB (3,3-diaminobenzidine) assay confirmed the elicitation of plant defense responses. Based on drought scoring system and biochemical analyses, the cultivars were categorized into susceptible (Shasharang and Bahadur), moderately susceptible (Gitesh and Ranjit), and moderately tolerant (Kapilee and Mahsuri) groups. Antioxidant enzyme accumulation (catalase, guaiacol peroxidase) and osmolyte (proline) levels increased in all stressed plants, with drought-tolerant cultivars exhibiting higher enzyme activities, indicating stress mitigation efforts. Nevertheless, electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation rates increased in all stressed conditions, though variations were observed among stress types. Based on findings from a previous transcriptomic study, a total of nine genes were chosen for quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Among these, OsEBP89 appeared as a potential negative regulatory gene, demonstrating substantial upregulation in the susceptible cultivars at both 48 and 72 h post-treatment (hpt). This finding suggests that OsEBP89 may play a role in conferring drought-induced susceptibility to BSD in the rice cultivars being investigated. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01447-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajit Das
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006 India
| | - Naimisha Chowdhury
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006 India
| | - Monica Sharma
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Remya Suma
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006 India
| | - Banashree Saikia
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Natarajan Velmurugan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
- Branch Laboratory-Itanagar, Biological Sciences Division, CSIR-NEIST, Naharlagun, Arunachal Pradesh 791110 India
| | - Channakeshavaiah Chikkaputtaiah
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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Chowdhury N, Naorem RS, Hazarika DJ, Goswami G, Dasgupta A, Bora SS, Boro RC, Barooah M. An oxalate decarboxylase-like cupin domain containing protein is involved in imparting acid stress tolerance in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBNC. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:64. [PMID: 38189984 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
We report here the structural and functional properties of an oxalate decarboxylase (OxDC)-like cupin domain-containing protein of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBNC and its role in imparting tolerance to acid stress conditions. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed 32-fold and 20-fold upregulation of the target gene [(OxDC')cupin] under acetic acid stress and hydrochloric acid stress, respectively, indicating its association with the acid stress response. Bacterial cells with targeted inactivation of the (OxDC')cupin gene using the pMUTIN4 vector system showed decreased growth and survival rate in acidic pH, with drastically reduced exopolysaccharide production. In Silico protein-protein interaction studies revealed seven genes (viz. glmS, nagA, nagB, tuaF, tuaF, gcvT, and ykgA) related to cell wall biosynthesis and biofilm production to interact with OxDC-like cupin domain containing protein. While all these seven genes were upregulated in B. amyloliquefaciens MBNC after 6 h of exposure to pH 4.5, the mutant cells containing the inactivated (OxDC')cupin gene displayed significantly lower expression (RQ: 0.001-0.02) (compared to the wild-type cells) in both neutral and acidic pH. Our results indicate that the OxDC-like cupin domain containing protein is necessary for cell wall biosynthesis and biofilm production in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBNC for survival in acid-stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimisha Chowdhury
- DBT - North East Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Romen Singh Naorem
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Dibya Jyoti Hazarika
- DBT - North East Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Gunajit Goswami
- DBT - North East Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Abhisek Dasgupta
- DBT - North East Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Sudipta Sankar Bora
- DBT - North East Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Robin Chandra Boro
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Madhumita Barooah
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India.
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Gil J, Rosin LF, Navarrete E, Chowdhury N, Abraham S, Cornilleau G, Lei EP, Mozziconacci J, Mirny LA, Muller H, Drinnenberg IA. Unique territorial and sub-chromosomal organization revealed in the holocentric moth Bombyx mori. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.14.557757. [PMID: 37745315 PMCID: PMC10515926 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.14.557757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The hallmarks of chromosome organization in multicellular eukaryotes are chromosome territories (CT), chromatin compartments, and different types of domains, including topologically associated domains (TADs). Yet, most of these concepts derive from analyses of organisms with monocentric chromosomes. Here we describe the 3D genome architecture of an organism with holocentric chromosomes, the silkworm Bombyx mori . At the genome-wide scale, B. mori chromosomes form highly separated territories and lack substantial trans contacts. As described in other eukaryotes, B. mori chromosomes segregate into an active A and an inactive B compartment. Remarkably, we also identify a third compartment, Secluded "S", with a unique contact pattern. Compartment S shows strong enrichment of short-range contacts and depletion of long-range contacts. It hosts a unique combination of genetic and epigenetic features, localizes at the periphery of CTs and shows developmental plasticity. Biophysical modeling shows that formation of such secluded domains requires a new mechanism - a high density of extruded loops within them along with low level of extrusion and compartmentalization of A and B. Together with other evidence of loop extrusion in interphase, this suggests SMC-mediated loop extrusion in this insect. Overall, our analyses highlight the evolutionary plasticity of 3D genome organization driven by a new combination of known processes.
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Kor SD, Chowdhury N, Keot AK, Yogendra K, Chikkaputtaiah C, Sudhakar Reddy P. RNA Pol III promoters-key players in precisely targeted plant genome editing. Front Genet 2023; 13:989199. [PMID: 36685866 PMCID: PMC9845283 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.989199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein Cas) system is a powerful and highly precise gene-editing tool in basic and applied research for crop improvement programs. CRISPR/Cas tool is being extensively used in plants to improve crop yield, quality, and nutritional value and make them tolerant to environmental stresses. CRISPR/Cas system consists of a Cas protein with DNA endonuclease activity and one CRISPR RNA transcript that is processed to form one or several short guide RNAs that direct Cas9 to the target DNA sequence. The expression levels of Cas proteins and gRNAs significantly influence the editing efficiency of CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing. This review focuses on insights into RNA Pol III promoters and their types that govern the expression levels of sgRNA in the CRISPR/Cas system. We discussed Pol III promoters structural and functional characteristics and their comparison with Pol II promoters. Further, the use of synthetic promoters to increase the targeting efficiency and overcome the structural, functional, and expressional limitations of RNA Pol III promoters has been discussed. Our review reports various studies that illustrate the use of endogenous U6/U3 promoters for improving editing efficiency in plants and the applicative approach of species-specific RNA pol III promoters for genome editing in model crops like Arabidopsis and tobacco, cereals, legumes, oilseed, and horticultural crops. We further highlight the significance of optimizing these species-specific promoters' systematic identification and validation for crop improvement and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance through CRISPR/Cas mediated genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Dharmendra Kor
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naimisha Chowdhury
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Keot
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kalenahalli Yogendra
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Channakeshavaiah Chikkaputtaiah
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India,*Correspondence: Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy, ,
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Das S, Majumder M, Das D, Chowdhury N, Das A, Das K, Fardous J, Hasan MJ. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism among CKD Patients and Correlation with Different Laboratory Parameters. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:1084-1092. [PMID: 36189556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism is one of the major complications in CKD patients who results in a number of metabolic disorders and contributes to morbidity and mortality. The objective of the study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for secondary hyperparathyroidism among CKD patients as well as its correlation with different laboratory parameters. This was a cross-sectional study conducted among the admitted CKD patients of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh from January 2019 to December 2019. Following recruitment, clinical parameters were extracted from the patients' medical records. Afterward, blood sample blood was collected to measure the biochemical parameters and serum parathyroid hormone levels. A binary logistic regression model was used to assess the factors associated with hyperparathyroidism. The mean±SD serum PTH in all CKD patients was 215.04±168.15 pg/ml. The overall prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism among CKD patients was 75.0% (32.0% in stage 3, 88.0% in stage 4 and 93.0% in stage 5 CKD). Serum PTH levels had a significant positive correlation with serum creatinine and serum phosphate levels and a significant negative correlation with serum albumin and serum calcium levels. However, only female sex was revealed as a significant risk factor in the adjusted regression model (aOR 0.26, 95% CI 0.07-0.98 for male sex compared to female sex). As the prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism increases in advanced stages of CKD, early detection and management of CKD are crucial to prevent metabolic disorders that could trigger the development of this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Das
- Dr Supti Das, Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Goswami G, Hazarika DJ, Chowdhury N, Bora SS, Sarmah U, Naorem RS, Boro RC, Barooah M. Proline confers acid stress tolerance to Bacillus megaterium G18. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8875. [PMID: 35614097 PMCID: PMC9133035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Proline plays a multifunctional role in several organisms including bacteria in conferring protection under stress conditions. In this paper we report the role of proline in conferring acid tolerance to Bacillus megaterium G18. An acid susceptible mutant of B. megaterium G18 which required proline for its growth under acid stress condition was generated through Tn5 mutagenesis. Further, targeted inactivation of proC involved in osmo-adaptive proline synthesis in B. megaterium G18 resulted in the loss of ability of the bacterium to grow at low pH (pH 4.5). Exogenous supply of proline (1 mM) to the growth medium restored the ability of the mutant cells to grow at pH 4.5 which was not the same in case of other osmoprotectants tested. Proline was produced and secreted to extracellular medium by B. megaterium G18 when growing in low pH condition as evidenced by the use of Escherichia coli proline auxotrophs and HPLC analysis. Further, pHT01 vector based expression of full length proC gene in the ∆proC mutant cells restored the survival capacity of the mutant cells in acidic pH, suggesting that proline production is an important strategy employed by B. megaterium G18 to survive under acid stress induced osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunajit Goswami
- DBT-North East Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Dibya Jyoti Hazarika
- DBT-North East Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Naimisha Chowdhury
- DBT-North East Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Sudipta Sankar Bora
- DBT-North East Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Unmona Sarmah
- DBT-North East Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Romen Singh Naorem
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Robin Chandra Boro
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Madhumita Barooah
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India.
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Das D, Singha DL, Paswan RR, Chowdhury N, Sharma M, Reddy PS, Chikkaputtaiah C. Recent advancements in CRISPR/Cas technology for accelerated crop improvement. Planta 2022; 255:109. [PMID: 35460444 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Precise genome engineering approaches could be perceived as a second paradigm for targeted trait improvement in crop plants, with the potential to overcome the constraints imposed by conventional CRISPR/Cas technology. The likelihood of reduced agricultural production due to highly turbulent climatic conditions increases as the global population expands. The second paradigm of stress-resilient crops with enhanced tolerance and increased productivity against various stresses is paramount to support global production and consumption equilibrium. Although traditional breeding approaches have substantially increased crop production and yield, effective strategies are anticipated to restore crop productivity even further in meeting the world's increasing food demands. CRISPR/Cas, which originated in prokaryotes, has surfaced as a coveted genome editing tool in recent decades, reshaping plant molecular biology in unprecedented ways and paving the way for engineering stress-tolerant crops. CRISPR/Cas is distinguished by its efficiency, high target specificity, and modularity, enables precise genetic modification of crop plants, allowing for the creation of allelic variations in the germplasm and the development of novel and more productive agricultural practices. Additionally, a slew of advanced biotechnologies premised on the CRISPR/Cas methodologies have augmented fundamental research and plant synthetic biology toolkits. Here, we describe gene editing tools, including CRISPR/Cas and its imitative tools, such as base and prime editing, multiplex genome editing, chromosome engineering followed by their implications in crop genetic improvement. Further, we comprehensively discuss the latest developments of CRISPR/Cas technology including CRISPR-mediated gene drive, tissue-specific genome editing, dCas9 mediated epigenetic modification and programmed self-elimination of transgenes in plants. Finally, we highlight the applicability and scope of advanced CRISPR-based techniques in crop genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajit Das
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Dhanawantari L Singha
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Ricky Raj Paswan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Naimisha Chowdhury
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Monica Sharma
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy
- International Crop Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502 324, India
| | - Channakeshavaiah Chikkaputtaiah
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.
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Chowdhury N, Hazarika DJ, Goswami G, Sarmah U, Borah S, Boro RC, Barooah M. Acid tolerant bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBNC retains biocontrol efficiency against fungal phytopathogens in low pH. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:124. [PMID: 34997335 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Soil pH conditions have important consequences for microbial community structure, their dynamics, ecosystem processes, and interactions with plants. Low soil pH affects the growth and functional activity of bacterial biocontrol agents which may experience a paradigm shift in their ability to act antagonistically against fungal phytopathogens. In this study, the antifungal activity of an acid-tolerant soil bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBNC was evaluated under low pH and compared to its activity in neutral pH conditions. Bacterial supernatant from 3-day-old culture (approximately 11.2 × 108 cells/mL) grown in low pH conditions was found more effective against fungal pathogens. B. amyloliquefaciens MBNC harboured genes involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites of which surfactin homologues, with varying chain length (C11-C15), were identified through High-Resolution Mass Spectroscopy. The pH of the medium influenced the production of these metabolites. Surfactin C15 was exclusive to the extract of pH 4.5; production of iturinA and surfactin C11 was detected only in pH 7.0, while surfactin C12, C13 and C14 were detected in extracts of both the pH conditions. The secretion of phytohormones viz. indole acetic acid and gibberellic acid by B. amyloliquefaciens MBNC was detected in higher amounts in neutral condition compared to acidic condition. Although, secretion of metabolites and phytohormones in B. amyloliquefaciens MBNC was influenced by the pH condition of the medium, the isolate retained its antagonistic efficiency against several fungal phyto-pathogens under acidic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimisha Chowdhury
- DBT-North East Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Dibya Jyoti Hazarika
- DBT-North East Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Gunajit Goswami
- DBT-North East Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Unmona Sarmah
- DBT-North East Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Shrutirupa Borah
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Robin Chandra Boro
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Madhumita Barooah
- DBT-North East Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India. .,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India.
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Singha DL, Das D, Sarki YN, Chowdhury N, Sharma M, Maharana J, Chikkaputtaiah C. Harnessing tissue-specific genome editing in plants through CRISPR/Cas system: current state and future prospects. Planta 2021; 255:28. [PMID: 34962611 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In a nutshell, tissue-specific CRISPR/Cas genome editing is the most promising approach for crop improvement which can bypass the hurdle associated with constitutive GE such as off target and pleotropic effects for targeted crop improvement. CRISPR/Cas is a powerful genome-editing tool with a wide range of applications for the genetic improvement of crops. However, the constitutive genome editing of vital genes is often associated with pleiotropic effects on other genes, needless metabolic burden, or interference in the cellular machinery. Tissue-specific genome editing (TSGE), on the other hand, enables researchers to study those genes in specific cells, tissues, or organs without disturbing neighboring groups of cells. Until recently, there was only limited proof of the TSGE concept, where the CRISPR-TSKO tool was successfully used in Arabidopsis, tomato, and cotton, laying a solid foundation for crop improvement. In this review, we have laid out valuable insights into the concept and application of TSGE on relatively unexplored areas such as grain trait improvement under favorable or unfavorable conditions. We also enlisted some of the prominent tissue-specific promoters and described the procedure of their isolation with several TSGE promoter expression systems in detail. Moreover, we highlighted potential negative regulatory genes that could be targeted through TSGE using tissue-specific promoters. In a nutshell, tissue-specific CRISPR/Cas genome editing is the most promising approach for crop improvement which can bypass the hurdle associated with constitutive GE such as off target and pleotropic effects for targeted crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanawantari L Singha
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India.
| | - Debajit Das
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Yogita N Sarki
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Naimisha Chowdhury
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Monica Sharma
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Jitendra Maharana
- Distributed Information Centre (DIC), Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Channakeshavaiah Chikkaputtaiah
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Eurick-Bering K, Chowdhury N, Hjaige M, Kenerson R, Revere T, Reece R. 85 Impact of COVID-19 on Patient Populations in the Emergency Department in Flint, Michigan. Ann Emerg Med 2021. [PMCID: PMC8335479 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mathur S, Ferreira M, Maia N, Martin C, Chowdhury N, Islam A, Singer L. Is Frailty Associated with Sarcopenia and Dynapenia in Lung Transplant Candidates? J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Das JC, Hasan SH, Bhuiyan AH, Paul N, Faisal MA, Roy DK, Chowdhury N, Ghosh N, Rashid MH. Congenital Eventration of Diaphragm Presenting As Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Case Report. Mymensingh Med J 2019; 28:952-956. [PMID: 31599268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Eventration of diaphragm is an abnormal elevation of diaphragmatic musculature while retaining normal attachments to the sternum, ribs and dorsolumber spine. It is a rare anomaly where the continuity of diaphragm remains intact. Pathological process can affect either all or only a portion of hemidiaphragm. Symptoms vary according to size of the defect. Large defect may mimic diaphragmatic hernia. The present case represents a full term female newborn that developed respiratory distress, cyanosis and feeding difficulties since 1st day of life. Clinical features and chest imaging of this case was assumed to be left sided diaphragmatic hernia which was found wrong in the operation theater. She was found to have left sided eventration of diaphragm to create symptom. Successful plication of ipsilateral diaphragm was done on 13th day of life. Supervised post operative ventilatory support along with other postoperative care improved the condition of this neonate. A large defect with eventration of diaphragm may be life threatening but a timely good management can save neonate from such condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Das
- Professor Jagadish C Das, Professor, Department of Neonatology, Chattogram Medical College, Chattogram, Bangladesh; E-mail: jagadishcdas@ yahoo.com
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Zaidi A, Omstead A, Chowdhury N, Kosovec J, Zheng P, Salvitti M, Gorbunova A, Babar L, Kelly R, Jobe B. STING agonist, ADU-S100, yields potent anti-tumour activity and therapeutically favorable immune profile in an esophageal adenocarcinoma model. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz247.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Spina C, Bujanda ZAL, Mao W, Chaimowitz M, Zhang C, Chowdhury N, Aggen D, Li H, Drake C. Radiation Induces a Dose-Dependent Increase in Immunosuppressive Myeloid Cells in Solid Tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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He JL, Fuelscher I, Coxon J, Chowdhury N, Teo WP, Barhoun P, Enticott P, Hyde C. Individual differences in intracortical inhibition predict motor-inhibitory performance. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:2715-2727. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Chowdhury N, Livesey E, Harris J. Erratum to the abstract, “The relationship between short interval intra-cortical inhibition and stopping ability”. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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17
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Chowdhury N, Livesey E, Harris J. The relationship between short interval intra-cortical inhibition and stopping ability. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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18
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Deka P, Goswami G, Das P, Gautom T, Chowdhury N, Boro RC, Barooah M. Bacterial exopolysaccharide promotes acid tolerance in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and improves soil aggregation. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:1079-1091. [PMID: 30554311 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we report the isolation and taxonomic characterization of exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing bacteria followed by the role of EPS in conferring acid tolerance to the soil bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens p16. The role of EPS in promoting soil aggregation is also presented. A total of 75 isolates were tested for acid tolerance and biofilm production under acid stress of which, 54 isolates were further tested for EPS production. Out of the 54 isolates, 28 isolates produced EPS in the range of (67.88 and 219.96 µg/ml) with B. amyloliquefaciens p16 showing the highest production. The 28 isolates characterized for phenotypic and molecular traits mostly belonged to the members of the genera Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Brevibacterium, Paenibacillus, Serretia, Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter and Lysinibacillus. The monosaccharide components of the EPS produced by B. amyloliquefaciens p16 shifted from galactose to arabinose under acid stress as revealed through HPLC analysis. Inactivation of the epsB gene encoding putative bacterial protein tyrosine kinase (BY-kinases) in B. amyloliquefaciens p16 resulted in significantly less EPS (33.23 µg/ml) production compared to wild-type (WT) (223.87 µg/ml). The mutant (B. amyloliquefaciens 6A5) was barely able to survive in pH 4.5 unlike that of the WT. Further, inoculation of the WT and mutant B. amyloliquefaciens 6A5 in the soil resulted in formation of small sized soil aggregates (42.41 mm) with less water holding capacity (27.67%) as compared to the soil treated with WT that produced larger soil aggregates of size 80.59 mm with higher 53.90% water holding capacity. This study indicates that EPS produced by acid-tolerant B. amyloliquefaciens p16 can not only impart acid tolerance to the bacteria but also aids in promoting soil aggregation when applied to the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshini Deka
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Gunajit Goswami
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Pompi Das
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Trishnamoni Gautom
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Naimisha Chowdhury
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Robin Chandra Boro
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Madhumita Barooah
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India.
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Irimia A, Maher A, Chowdhury N, Rostowsky K, Law M. MULTIMODAL STUDY OF GERIATRIC MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Irimia
- University of Southern California
| | - A Maher
- University of Southern California
| | | | | | - M Law
- University of Southern California
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20
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Irimia A, Rostowsky K, Chowdhury N, Maher A. WHITE MATTER CONNECTIVITY CHANGES DUE TO CEREBRAL MICROHEMORRHAGES IN GERIATRIC MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Irimia
- University of Southern California
| | | | | | - A Maher
- University of Southern California
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21
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Irimia A, Suzuki S, Rostowsky K, Maher A, Chowdhury N, Van Horn J. Effects of cerebrovascular micropathology upon cognitive impairment and brain aging trajectories subsequent to geriatric traumatic brain injury. Int J Psychophysiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Ansari M, Singla M, Bastia B, Chowdhury N, Khare S. A study on the morphometric asymmetry of atlas. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Khandoker AH, Luthra V, Abouallaban Y, Saha S, Ahmed KI, Mostafa R, Chowdhury N, Jelinek HF. Predicting depressed patients with suicidal ideation from ECG recordings. Med Biol Eng Comput 2016; 55:793-805. [PMID: 27538398 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-016-1557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Globally suicidal behavior is the third most common cause of death among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study presents multi-lag tone-entropy (T-E) analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) as a screening tool for identifying MDD patients with suicidal ideation. Sixty-one ECG recordings (10 min) were acquired and analyzed from control subjects (29 CONT), 16 MDD subjects with (MDDSI+) and 16 without suicidal ideation (MDDSI-). After ECG preprocessing, tone and entropy values were calculated for multiple lags (m: 1-10). The MDDSI+ group was found to have a higher mean tone value compared to that of the MDDSI- group for lags 1-8, whereas the mean entropy value was lower in MDDSI+ than that in CONT group at all lags (1-10). Leave-one-out cross-validation tests, using a classification and regression tree (CART), obtained 94.83 % accuracy in predicting MDDSI+ subjects by using a combination of tone and entropy values at all lags and including demographic factors (age, BMI and waist circumference) compared to results with time and frequency domain HRV analysis. The results of this pilot study demonstrate the usefulness of multi-lag T-E analysis in identifying MDD patients with suicidal ideation and highlight the change in autonomic nervous system modulation of the heart rate associated with depression and suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Khandoker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE. .,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - V Luthra
- American Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Y Abouallaban
- American Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - S Saha
- United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - K I Ahmed
- United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - R Mostafa
- United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - N Chowdhury
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - H F Jelinek
- School of Community Health and Centre for Research in Complex Systems, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia.,Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Khandoker AH, Luthra V, Abouallaban Y, Saha S, Ahmed KI, Mostafa R, Chowdhury N, Jelinek HF. Identifying depressed patients with and without suicidal ideation by finger photo-plethysmography. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2016; 2016:1842-1845. [PMID: 28268684 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a serious mental disorder that if untreated not only affects physical health but also has a high risk of suicide. While the neurophysiological phenomena that contribute to the formation of Suicidal Ideation (SI) are still ill-defined, clear links between MDD and cardiovascular disease have been reported. The aim of this study is to extract suitable features from arterial pulse signals with a view to predicting SI within MDD and control groups. Sixteen unmedicated MDD patients with a history of SI (MDDSI+), sixteen without SI (MDDSI-) and twenty-nine healthy subjects (CONT) were recruited at a psychiatric clinic in the UAE. Depression severity and SI were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Beck Depression Inventory. Pulse Wave Amplitude (PWA) was calculated as the difference between the peak (Systole) and the valley (Diastole) of the arterial pulse within each cardiac cycle. Then, 2D Tone-Entropy (TE) features were extracted from the Systole, Diastole and PWA time series. The TE features extracted from Diastole were the best markers for predicting MDDSI+. The overall classification accuracies of Classification and Regression Tree (CART) model by using TE features of Systole, Diastole and PWA were 88.52%, 90.2% and 88.52% respectively. When all TE features were combined, accuracy increased up to 93.44% in identifying MDDSI+/MDDSI-/Control groups.
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Omar AM, Mahran MA, Ghatge MS, Chowdhury N, Bamane FHA, El-Araby ME, Abdulmalik O, Safo MK. Identification of a novel class of covalent modifiers of hemoglobin as potential antisickling agents. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:6353-70. [PMID: 25974708 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00367a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic aldehydes and ethacrynic acid (ECA) exhibit antipolymerization properties that are beneficial for sickle cell disease therapy. Based on the ECA pharmacophore and its atomic interaction with hemoglobin, we designed and synthesized several compounds - designated as KAUS (imidazolylacryloyl derivatives) - that we hypothesized would bind covalently to βCys93 of hemoglobin and inhibit sickling. The compounds surprisingly showed weak allosteric and antisickling properties. X-ray studies of hemoglobin in complex with representative KAUS compounds revealed an unanticipated mode of Michael addition between the β-unsaturated carbon and the N-terminal αVal1 nitrogen at the α-cleft of hemoglobin, with no observable interaction with βCys93. Interestingly, the compounds exhibited almost no reactivity with the free amino acids, L-Val, L-His and L-Lys, but showed some reactivity with both glutathione and L-Cys. Our findings provide a molecular level explanation for the compounds biological activities and an important framework for targeted modifications that would yield novel potent antisickling agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Alsulaymanyah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Manicklal S, van Niekerk AM, Kroon SM, Hutto C, Novak Z, Pati SK, Chowdhury N, Hsiao NY, Boppana SB. Birth prevalence of congenital cytomegalovirus among infants of HIV-infected women on prenatal antiretroviral prophylaxis in South Africa. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 58:1467-72. [PMID: 24567248 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high rate of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been documented in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed infants in industrialized settings, both in the pre- and post-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. Only limited data on the birth prevalence of congenital CMV among infants of HIV-infected women on prenatal antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis are available from sub-Saharan Africa, despite a high prevalence of both infections. We evaluated the prevalence of congenital CMV in HIV-exposed infants in the Western Cape, South Africa. METHODS HIV-infected mothers were recruited in the immediate postnatal period at a referral maternity hospital between April and October 2012. Maternal and infant clinical data and newborn saliva swabs were collected. Saliva swabs were assayed by real-time polymerase chain reaction for CMV. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to determine specific demographic, maternal, and newborn characteristics associated with congenital CMV. RESULTS CMV was detected in 22 of 748 newborn saliva swabs (2.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9%-4.4%). Overall, 96% of mothers used prenatal ARV prophylaxis (prenatal zidovudine, 43.9%; HAART, 52.1%). Maternal age, gestational age, prematurity (<37 weeks' gestation), type of ARV prophylaxis, length of ARV prophylaxis, birth weight, small for gestational age, and infant feeding choice were not significantly different between CMV-infected and -uninfected infants. Maternal CD4 count <200 cells/μL during pregnancy was independently associated with congenital CMV (adjusted odds ratio, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2-7.3). A negative correlation between CMV load in saliva and maternal CD4 count was observed (r = -0.495, n = 22, P = .019). CONCLUSIONS The birth prevalence of congenital CMV was high despite prenatal ARV prophylaxis, and was associated with advanced maternal immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Manicklal
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town
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Naveen Kumar BJ, Barman P, Chowdhury N, Bora M. Primary renal lymphoma: An unusual presentation of non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma. Indian J Cancer 2014; 51:370-371. [DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.146715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Chowdhury N, Saiedullah M, Khan MAH, Rahman MR. Comparison of modified Friedewald's formula with direct measurement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in Bangladeshi population. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2013; 39:120-3. [PMID: 26118159 DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v39i3.20312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A modification of Friedewald's formula to estimate serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) up to serum triglyceride (TG) level of 11.3 mmol/L in Bangladeshi population has recently been published. The aim of this study was to compare the modified formula with direct measurement of LDLC in Bangladeshi population in a different setting. One thousand and fifty two specimens from adult subjects were analyzed. Serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), LDLC and TG were measured by standard methods. The modified Friedewald's formula was applied to estimate LDL cholesterol concentration. Results were expressed as mean ± SD and calculated LDLC was compared with measured LDLC by two-tailed paired t test, Bland-Altman plot for absolute bias, Pearson's correlation coefficients of calculated LDLC with measured LDLC and Passing & Bablok regression equation of calculated LDLC against measured LDLC. The mean ± SD of measured LDLC was 2.98 ± 0.82 mmol/L. LDLC calculated by modified Friedewald's formula was 2.77 ± 0.86 mmol/L. The mean absolute bias was -0.20 ± 0.32 mmol/L, Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9293 (P < 0.0001) and Passing & Bablok regression equation was y = - 0.3856+1.0597x for modified formula up to serum TG ≤ 11.3 mmol/L. Compared to original Friedewald's formula, performance of the modified Friedewald's formula was better up to serum TG ≤ 4.52 mmol/L. The study reveals that the modified Friedewald's formula may be used to calculate LDLC approximately in Bangladeshi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry, Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College, Chittagong.
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Frye RE, DeLaTorre R, Taylor H, Slattery J, Melnyk S, Chowdhury N, James SJ. Redox metabolism abnormalities in autistic children associated with mitochondrial disease. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e273. [PMID: 23778583 PMCID: PMC3693408 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research studies have uncovered several metabolic abnormalities associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including mitochondrial disease (MD) and abnormal redox metabolism. Despite the close connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, the relation between MD and oxidative stress in children with ASD has not been studied. Plasma markers of oxidative stress and measures of cognitive and language development and ASD behavior were obtained from 18 children diagnosed with ASD who met criteria for probable or definite MD per the Morava et al. criteria (ASD/MD) and 18 age and gender-matched ASD children without any biological markers or symptoms of MD (ASD/NoMD). Plasma measures of redox metabolism included reduced free glutathione (fGSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), the fGSH/GSSG ratio and 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT). In addition, a plasma measure of chronic immune activation, 3-chlorotyrosine (3CT), was also measured. Language was measured using the preschool language scale or the expressive one-word vocabulary test (depending on the age), adaptive behaviour was measured using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS) and core autism symptoms were measured using the Autism Symptoms Questionnaire and the Social Responsiveness Scale. Children with ASD/MD were found to have lower scores on the communication and daily living skill subscales of the VABS despite having similar language and ASD symptoms. Children with ASD/MD demonstrated significantly higher levels of fGSH/GSSG and lower levels of GSSG as compared with children with ASD/NoMD, suggesting an overall more favourable glutathione redox status in the ASD/MD group. However, compare with controls, both ASD groups demonstrated lower fGSH and fGSH/GSSG, demonstrating that both groups suffer from redox abnormalities. Younger ASD/MD children had higher levels of 3CT than younger ASD/NoMD children because of an age-related effect in the ASD/MD group. Both ASD groups demonstrated significantly higher 3CT levels than control subjects, suggesting that chronic inflammation was present in both groups of children with ASD. Interestingly, 3NT was found to correlate positively with several measures of cognitive function, development and behavior for the ASD/MD group, but not the ASD/NoMD group, such that higher 3NT concentrations were associated with more favourable adaptive behaviour, language and ASD-related behavior. To determine whether difference in receiving medications and/or supplements could account for the differences in redox and inflammatory biomarkers across ASD groups, we examined differences in medication and supplements across groups and their effect of redox and inflammatory biomarkers. Overall, significantly more participants in the ASD/MD group were receiving folate, vitamin B12, carnitine, co-enzyme Q10, B vitamins and antioxidants. We then determined whether folate, carnitine, co-enzyme Q10, B vitamins and/or antioxidants influenced redox or inflammatory biomarkers. Antioxidant supplementation was associated with a significantly lower GSSG, whereas antioxidants, co-enzyme Q10 and B vitamins were associated with a higher fGSH/GSSG ratio. There was no relation between folate, carnitine, co-enzyme Q10, B vitamins and antioxidants with 3NT, 3CT or fGSH. Overall, our findings suggest that ASD/MD children with a more chronic oxidized microenvironment have better development. We interpret this finding in light of the fact that more active mitochondrial can create a greater oxidized microenvironment especially when dysfunctional. Thus, compensatory upregulation of mitochondria which are dysfunctional may both increase activity and function at the expense of a more oxidized microenvironment. Although more ASD/MD children were receiving certain supplements, the use of such supplements were not found to be related to the redox biomarkers that were related to cognitive development or behavior in the ASD/MD group but could possibly account for the difference in glutathione metabolism noted between groups. This study suggests that different subgroups of children with ASD have different redox abnormalities, which may arise from different sources. A better understanding of the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction in ASD and oxidative stress, along with other factors that may contribute to oxidative stress, will be critical to understanding how to guide treatment and management of ASD children. This study also suggests that it is important to identify ASD/MD children as they may respond differently to specific treatments because of their specific metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Frye
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - R DeLaTorre
- Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas–Heath, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Taylor
- Texas Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Slattery
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA,Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - S Melnyk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA,Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - N Chowdhury
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - S J James
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA,Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Frye RE, DeLatorre R, Taylor HB, Slattery J, Melnyk S, Chowdhury N, James SJ. Metabolic effects of sapropterin treatment in autism spectrum disorder: a preliminary study. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e237. [PMID: 23462988 PMCID: PMC3625913 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sapropterin, a synthetic form of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), has been reported to improve symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, as BH4 is involved in multiple metabolic pathway that have been found to be dysregulated in ASD, including redox, pterin, monoamine neurotransmitter, nitric oxide (NO) and immune metabolism, the metabolic pathway by which sapropterin exerts its therapeutic effect in ASD effect remains unclear. This study investigated which metabolic pathways were associated with symptomatic improvement during sapropterin treatment. Ten participants (ages 2-6 years old) with current social and/or language delays, ASD and a central BH4 concentration 30 nM l(-1) were treated with a daily morning 20 mg kg(-1) dose of sapropterin for 16 weeks in an open-label fashion. At baseline, 8 weeks and 16 weeks after starting the treatment, measures of language, social function and behavior and biomarkers of redox, pterin, monoamine neurotransmitter, NO and immune metabolism were obtained. Two participants discontinued the study, one from mild adverse effects and another due to noncompliance. Overall, improvements in subscales of the Preschool Language Scale (PLS), Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS), Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) and autism symptoms questionnaire (ASQ) were seen. Significant changes in biomarkers of pterin, redox and NO were found. Improvement on several subscales of the PLS, VABS, ABC and ASQ were moderated by baseline and changes in biomarkers of NO and pterin metabolism, particularly baseline NO metabolism. These data suggest that behavioral improvement associated with daily 20 mg kg(-1) sapropterin treatment may involve NO metabolism, particularly the status of pretreatment NO metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Frye
- Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
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Singer L, Chowdhury N, Chaparro C, Keshavjee S. 321 Impact of Age on Health-Related Quality of Life Benefit of Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2012.01.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Mathews M, Seguin M, Chowdhury N, Card RT. Generational differences in factors influencing physicians to choose a work location. Rural Remote Health 2012; 12:1864. [PMID: 22283714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Canadian medical schools have increased enrolment and recruited more rural students in an effort to address general and rural physician shortages. The success of this approach depends on the recruitment of these newly trained physicians to under-serviced areas. Studies from North America suggest that the career expectations and practice patterns of younger, more recently graduated physicians differ from those of their older counterparts. This study explored the factors that influenced the work location choices of physicians of differing generations, who trained at universities in Saskatchewan, and Newfoundland and Labrador, two Canadian provinces with large rural populations and no community larger than 235 000 population. METHODS Semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted with physicians who graduated from either the Memorial University of Newfoundland or the University of Saskatchewan. Generation definitions were based on the graduation year. Early-career physicians graduated between 1995 and 1999; mid-career physician graduated between 1985 and 1989; late-career physicians graduated between 1975 and 1979; and end-career physicians graduated between 1965 and 1969. Each physician was asked questions about the number and nature of work location changes over the course of their careers and the factors related to their decision to choose each location. Interview transcripts and notes were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Although the study focus was on generational differences, similarities and differences between universities, sexes and specialties (family physicians/GPs vs specialists) were also examined. Recruitment to the provinces was focused on as a whole, because the largest communities in the provinces are small compared with most urban communities. RESULTS Forty-eight physicians were interviewed, five to nine physicians who graduated in each decade and from each university. The desire to be near family and friends was cited as the primary consideration when choosing a work location, regardless of generation. Likewise, residency training location, the ability to use their skills and knowledge fully, and the quality of recruitment efforts were important considerations in choosing a work location for all physicians. For some, remuneration was very influential in their work location decision; however, many physicians who chose to remain in their smaller 'home' provinces noted the lower cost of living in these provinces. Physicians who graduated in the 1980s and 1990s placed greater emphasis on work-life balance and spouse's employment opportunities than their older generation counterparts. In contrast, physicians who graduated in the 1960s and 1070s highlighted the medical need of the community, and the desire for adventure and to see new places as important. CONCLUSIONS While many factors for choosing a work location appear to be stable over generations, a number of generational differences were found. Younger physicians placed greater emphasis on work-life balance and spouse's employment than older generation physicians. These differences may have important implications for small population regions which may not be able to support physician-spouse pairs or certain subspecialties. Although economic factors have largely been the focus of recruitment and retention initiatives in these provinces, the findings highlight the importance of addressing the needs and expectations of younger generation physicians in order to attract these physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mathews
- Division of Community Health & Humanities, Health Science Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
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Neogi S, Chowdhury N, Asakura M, Hinenoya A, Haldar S, Saidi S, Kogure K, Lara R, Yamasaki S. A highly sensitive and specific multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus. Lett Appl Microbiol 2010; 51:293-300. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2010.02895.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Chowdhury N, Asakura M, Neogi S, Hinenoya A, Haldar S, Ramamurthy T, Sarkar B, Faruque S, Yamasaki S. Development of simple and rapid PCR‐fingerprinting methods for
Vibrio cholerae
on the basis of genetic diversity of the superintegron. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:304-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04658.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Chowdhury
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - M. Asakura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
- Research and Development Centre, Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - S.B. Neogi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - A. Hinenoya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - S. Haldar
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - T. Ramamurthy
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - B.L. Sarkar
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - S.M. Faruque
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S. Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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Haldar S, Maharajan A, Chatterjee S, Hunter SA, Chowdhury N, Hinenoya A, Asakura M, Yamasaki S. Identification of Vibrio harveyi as a causative bacterium for a tail rot disease of sea bream Sparus aurata from research hatchery in Malta. Microbiol Res 2010; 165:639-48. [PMID: 20129765 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 12/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A bacterial disease was reported from gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) within a hatchery environment in Malta. Symptoms included complete erosion of tail, infection in the eye, mucous secretion and frequent mortality. A total of 540 strains were initially isolated in marine agar from different infected body parts and culture water sources. Subsequently 100 isolates were randomly selected, identified biochemically and all were found to be Vibrio harveyi-related organisms; finally from 100 isolates a total of 13 numbers were randomly selected and accurately identified as V. harveyi by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and species-specific PCR. Ribotyping of these strains with HindIII revealed total of six clusters. In vivo challenge study with representative isolates from each cluster proved two clusters each were highly pathogenic, moderately pathogenic and non-pathogenic. All 13 isolates were positive for hemolysin gene, a potential virulence factor. Further analysis revealed probably a single copy of this gene was encoded in all isolates, although not in the same locus in the genome. Although V. harveyi was reported to be an important pathogen for many aquatic organisms, to our knowledge this might be the first report of disease caused by V. harveyi and their systematic study in the sea bream hatchery from Malta.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haldar
- International Prevention of Epidemics, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinkuourai-Kita, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan.
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Haldar S, Neogi S, Kogure K, Chatterjee S, Chowdhury N, Hinenoya A, Asakura M, Yamasaki S. Development of a haemolysin gene-based multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection ofVibrio campbellii,Vibrio harveyiandVibrio parahaemolyticus. Lett Appl Microbiol 2010; 50:146-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2009.02769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mans RA, Chowdhury N, Cao D, McMahon LL, Li L. Simvastatin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation in C57BL/6 mice. Neuroscience 2009; 166:435-44. [PMID: 20040368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Statins inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, and they are widely used to control plasma cholesterol levels and prevent cardiovascular disease. However, emerging evidence indicates that the beneficial effects of statins extend to the CNS. Statins have been shown to improve the outcome of stroke and traumatic brain injury, and statin use has been associated with a reduced prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia. However, prospective studies with statins in AD have produced mixed results. Recently, we reported that simvastatin, a widely used statin in humans, enhances learning and memory in non-transgenic mice as well as in transgenic mice with AD-like pathology on a mixed genetic background. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of simvastatin on learning and memory remain elusive. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of acute simvastatin treatment on hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular model of learning and memory, in brain slices from C57BL/6 mice. Our results demonstrate that a prolonged in vitro simvastatin treatment for 2-4 h, but not a short-term 20-min exposure, significantly increases the magnitude of LTP at CA3-CA1 synapses without altering basal synaptic transmission or the paired-pulse facilitation ratio in hippocampal slices. Furthermore, we show that phosphorylation of Akt (protein kinase B) is increased significantly in the CA1 region following 2-hour treatment with simvastatin, and that inhibition of Akt phosphorylation suppresses the simvastatin-induced enhancement of LTP. These findings suggest activation of Akt as a molecular pathway for augmented hippocampal LTP by simvastatin treatment, and implicate enhancement of hippocampal LTP as a potential cellular mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of simvastatin on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Mans
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0012, USA
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Abstract
A series of women who aborted their pregnancies at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, over a period of 12 months (1 January 1992 to 3 December 1992), were followed up for 6-48 months afterwards to examine their pregnancy trends. Descriptive statistics for data presentation with Kaplan-Meier survivorship function estimates time from abortion to the next pregnancy and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were used to identify prognostic factors. Eighty-one per cent of the women achieved pregnancy over a 4-year follow-up. The median time to pregnancy was 7.6 months, with a 95% confidence interval of 6.4-10.0 months. Age and nationality were found to be significant prognostic factors related to time to achieve a pregnancy. Furthermore, the outcome of the subsequent pregnancy was found to be statistically related to the number of previous abortions. There is a high chance of fertility after an abortion, with 75.2% of these occurring within the first 12 months of the post-abortion follow-up period and dwindling to only 4.1% by the end of 36 months. Using multivariate regression analysis, only age seemed to be an important determinant factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Adelusi
- King Khalid University Hospital Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Chowdhury N, Zhu J, Nakhla G, Patel A, Islam M. A Novel Liquid-Solid Circulating Fluidized-Bed Bioreactor for Biological Nutrient Removal from Municipal Wastewater. Chem Eng Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200800564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Singer L, Chowdhury N, Chaparro C, Hutcheon M. 175: Post-Lung Transplant Health-Related Quality of Life: Perception and Reality. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Monira B, Ullah SM, Mollah AS, Chowdhury N. 137Cs-uptake into wheat (Triticum vulgare) plants from five representative soils of Bangladesh. Environ Monit Assess 2005; 104:59-69. [PMID: 15931978 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-005-1601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted to study the uptake of 137Cs by wheat grown in five representative soils of Bangladesh having different soil characteristics. Artificial application of 137Cs increased the activity in soils up to 45.9 Bq/kg soil, measured at the end of the harvest of wheat crop. Different plant parts had different ability to accumulate 137Cs. Grains had the least activity and transfer factor, while the highest activity and lowest transfer factor were measured in roots, which restricted translocation of 137Cs to wheat straw. The result showed that the transfer factors (mean value) varied from 0.05 to 0.114 in wheat straw, 0.066-0.133 in roots and 0.011-0.043 in wheat grains. The activity and transfer factor of radioactive cesium in wheat plants were found to be greatly influenced by soil properties, i.e. clay content, K, organic matter, CEC, pH, exchangeable ions, etc. Cation exchange capacity and calcium in soils influenced positively, while clay minerals, exchangeable K and organic matter, negatively affected the 137Cs activity concentrations in wheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Monira
- Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Adelusi B, al-Nuaim LA, Chowdhury N, Abotalib Z, Moghraby S, Kangave D. Socio-demographic characteristics of the "unbooked mother". West Afr J Med 1999; 18:191-5. [PMID: 10593156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
In a study to investigate the characteristics of the "Unbooked mother", the medical records of 467 patients who presented for delivery with no prenatal care at the obstetric unit of the King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, during the period 1991 to 1995 were evaluated. For controls, the records of 415 mothers who had pre-natal care in the Unit over the same period were also evaluated. Data pertaining to their socio-demographic characteristics, previous obstetric history, prevalence of pregnancy-related and familial diseases, gestation age at delivery and weights of the babies, were extracted and analysed using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (C.I.). The unbooked mother tended to be young (< or = 24 years), unskilled worker, or student. On the other hand, the booked ones tended to be primigravid, with pregnancy-related (PET) and familial diseases (hypertension and diabetes). However, the level of parity, gestation age and birth weights did not appear to significantly influence the tendency to be booked or unbooked. These findings highlight the group of women who should be targeted for health education counselling regarding the value of prenatal care. This way, one can avoid some of the catastrophes often said to be associated with deliveries in the unbooked mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Adelusi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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al-Nuaim L, Bamgboye EA, Abotalib Z, Chowdhury N, Adelusi B. Demographic and fertility variables as determinants of spontaneous abortions in women with previous abortions. Afr J Med Med Sci 1998; 27:165-7. [PMID: 10497640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to examine the demographic and fertility factors that may predispose to spontaneous abortion in women with prior abortion. The study was conducted in King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It included a series of women who aborted their pregnancies over a period of months (January 1; 1992-December 31, 1992). Chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the statistical relationship between abortion and various demographic and fertility, related to abortion. There was a direct statistically significant relationship between maternal age, level of education, parity and a history of previous abortion. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, parity and history of previous abortion were found to be significant as determinants of recurrent abortion. Even though many of these risk factors are not preventable, counseling of the women about the value of education, early reproduction in the child-bearing age, and control of fertility would go a long way in reducing the incidence of fetal wastage in these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- L al-Nuaim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Nuaim LA, Adelusi B, Chowdhury N, Kangave D, Moghraby SA, Al-Kharfy T. The "unbooked mother" at a university teaching hospital: Factors mitigating against antenatal clinic attendance. Ann Saudi Med 1998; 18:269-72. [PMID: 17341985 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.1998.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L A Al-Nuaim
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Pediatrics, and Research Center, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abotalib Z, Adelusi B, al Meshari A, al Nuaim A, Chowdhury N, Kangave D. Obstetric outcome in the unbooked mother. East Afr Med J 1998; 75:102-6. [PMID: 9640834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at determining the outcome of pregnancy in unbooked mothers with regard to maternal complications and foetal outcome. This retrospective study was based on investigations of medical records of 467 unbooked mothers who presented for delivery at the Obstetrics Unit at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, during the period 1991 and 1992, and 415 booked mothers with regular clinic attendance selected as controls. Data collected from the records included patients' socio-demographic characteristics, past obstetric history, prevalence of pregnancy-related diseases, and data relating to labour, delivery, and foetal outcome. Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used for assessing the statistical significance of the association between the various factors which were investigated. The tendency for mothers to be booked was found to be significantly associated with their age, occupation, parity, and gestational age at delivery. Booked and unbooked mothers did not differ significantly in relation to the mode of delivery and foetal outcome, although the prevalence of previous complications of pregnancy was generally lower among unbooked mothers. There was no statistically significant association between the absence of antenatal care and outcome of pregnancies, unbooked mothers had a higher proportion of MICU admissions and dead babies compared with the controls. Educating the community about the benefits of receiving regular antenatal care, even if at primary care level, may be of great importance in improving the pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Abotalib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Chowdhury N. Safety lessons from Matlab, Bangladesh. Plan Parent Chall 1998:28-9. [PMID: 12293655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify important covariates related to retained placenta using logistic regression analysis. METHODS The study was carried out in the King Khalid University Hospital, Saudi Arabia, and involved 114 women who had retained placenta, and 116 women with normal deliveries. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used for analysis of data. Adequacy of predictor variables was examined using indices of sensitivity and specificity and plots of probability histograms for prediction of retained placenta among patients and controls. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis highlighted multiparity, induced labor, small placenta, and large amount of blood loss to be significantly associated with retained placenta. In addition, high pregnancy number, previous injury to uterus, and pre-term labor related significantly to retained placenta. Predictor variables had sensitivity of 65.5% and 87.9% specificity and achieved 77% overall correct classification. CONCLUSIONS These findings could be used to develop a predictive procedure for identifying high-risk cases of retained placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Adelusi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Nuaim LA, Esset J, Banu F, Chowdhury N. An appraisal of the appropriateness of the indications for hysterectomy. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 1997; 17:461-4. [PMID: 15511922 DOI: 10.1080/01443619750112448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Over a five-year period, 197 hysterectomies were performed at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH). Indications for the procedures vary from menstrual disorders and symptomatic fibroids to ovarian malignancy. The most common indication was found to be menorrhagia. Among multiple pre-operative indications, only the first listed major indication for hysterectomy was chosen. There were 145 abdominal and 52 vaginal hysterectomies and all were elective gynaecological procedures, majority of which were performed on women in their fourth and fifth decades of life. Verification of pre-operative diagnosis, when correlated with pathological findings, showed that some of the indications for the procedure deserve a more critical reappraisal. Since hysterectomy carries substantial economic and medical consequences, indications for undertaking the procedure deserve more careful scrutiny given the surgical and nonsurgical options that are currently available. There may be a need, therefore, to assess the appropriateness or otherwise of the use of hysterectomy in many of the patients in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Al-Nuaim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study and compare the obstetric outcome in term pregnancies and uncomplicated prolonged pregnancies. METHODS The study was a retrospective review of 596 cases. The case notes of 286 patients with uncomplicated prolonged pregnancies (> or = 42 weeks) and 310 patients with normal term pregnancies (37 to < 42 weeks) were analyzed. The Gold Stat package was used for statistical coding and analysis. RESULTS There was no fetal morbidity or mortality among the two groups. However, the number of previous abortions were significantly higher in prolonged pregnancies compared with term pregnancies. Similarly, fetal and placental weights, labor induction and operative delivery rates were significantly higher in prolonged pregnancies. However, there were no significant differences between the patients who were induced and those who had spontaneous labor among the prolonged pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS There is no doubt that prolonged pregnancy may be associated with certain risks factors. However, there is no outcome variable to justify whether or not to induce those pregnancies which are prolonged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z M Abotalib
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, King Khalid University, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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