The profile of Oral Health Branch of Rafsanjan Cohort Study (OHBRCS) in Rafsanjan City, southeast of Iran

Oral health status can be affected by some factors including drug abuse, systemic conditions and environmental pollutants. The present study was designed to investigate the most important and prevalent dental and oral conditions in adult population of Rafsanjan with the age of 35-70 years. Dental and oral health cohort center as part of the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS) included in the prospective epidemiological research studies in IrAN was established in 2015. Of 9991 subjects enrolled in the RCS, 8682 people participated in the Oral Health Branch of Rafsanjan Cohort Study (OHBRCS). The OHBRCS included 4021 men and 4661 women with the mean age of 49.94 ± 9.51. The most prevalent of oral lesion in total population was candidiasis and the least was aphthous lesion. The prevalence of candidiasis, white and red lesions, periodontal pocket, dental calculus, CAL and the mean of DMFT were higher in the male group than that of female group (p < 0.05). Candidiasis, herpes, oral cancer, white and red lesions were more prevalent in the older age groups (p < 0.05). The mean of DMFT index in total population was 21.30 and was higher among opium users, men and older age (p < 0.05). Also, the opium users had a higher rate of CAL, periodontal pocket, red and white lesions, and candidiasis but a lower rate of BOP (p < 0.05). Younger people had more decayed and filling teeth compared to other age groups, whereas older people had more missing teeth and a higher DMFT index (p < 0.001).

Effect of changing the head position on accuracy of transverse measurements of the maxillofacial region made on cone beam computed tomography and conventional posterior-anterior cephalograms

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to assess the effect of head position on the accuracy of transverse measurements of the maxillofacial region on CBCT and conventional posteroanterior (PA) cephalograms. The second objective of this study was to find skull positions with the greatest and smallest effect on transverse measurements in the maxillofacial region.

METHODS

PA cephalograms and CBCT scans were obtained from 10 dry human skulls in 7 positions, namely the central position, 10° and 20° rotations, 10° and 20° tilts and 10° and 20° tips. The CBCT scans were converted to PA cephalograms on which distances from six landmarks, namely the nasal cavity, zygomatic arch, jugale, antegonion, condylion and zygomaticofrontal suture to the mid-sagittal plane, were measured on both sides using Dolphin two-dimensional software. The paired t-test was used to compare the mean values separately in each position (for each landmark) with the gold standard (central skull position). The interclass correlation coefficient and the Bland-Altman plot were used to compare the mean values measured by two observers.

RESULTS

The mean values of the distances measured on CBCT PA cephalograms were greater than those measured on conventional PA cephalograms; this difference was statistically significant for some landmarks (p < 0.005). The rotated position (as compared with the central position) caused the greatest change in values for most landmarks on both sides (p < 0.005).

CONCLUSIONS

The CBCT PA cephalogram was more accurate than the conventional PA cephalogram, and landmarks farther from the midline exhibited greater changes on cephalograms compared with those closer to the midline. Patients are at risk of improper positioning when undergoing extraoral radiography such as PA cephalograms. Changes in head position may affect the transverse measurements and thus the treatment plan.

Effect of Head Position on Maxillofacial Transverse Measurements Made on the Skull and Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

Article Incorrect patient positioning and the resultant image distortion occur in many radiographic examinations. This study aimed to assess the effect of tilting, rotation and tipping of the head on the accuracy of maxillofacial transverse measurements made on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. The CBCT scans were obtained in central position of 10 dry human skulls. Using three-dimensional (3D) Dolphin software, six positions namely 10° and 20° tilts, rotations and tips were reconstructed of central position. Transverse distances between landmarks were measured on 3D scans and the skulls. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Bland-Altman plot were used to compare the mean values measured by the two observers. For most landmarks, no significant differences were noted between the mean transverse distances measured in the six positions and those measured in central position on 3D scans (p>0.005). In conclusion, all measurements of transverse distances made on 3D scans in different positions were underestimated compared to the actual values measured on the skull.

Sealing of adhesive systems in ferric sulfate-contaminated dentinal margins in class V composite resin restorations

Background. Hemostatic agents are applied to prepare an isolated bleeding-free condition during dental treatments and can influence adhesive restorations. This study evaluated the effect of a hemostatic agent (ViscoStat) on microleakage of contaminated dentinal margin of class V composite resin restorations with three adhesives. Methods. Sixty freshly extracted human molars were selected and class V cavities (3×3×1.5 mm) were prepared on buccal and lingual surfaces. Gingival margins of the cavities were placed below the cementoenamel junction. The teeth were divided into six groups randomly. The adhesives were Excite, AdheSE and AdheSE One. In three groups, the gingival walls of the cavities were contaminated with ViscoStat and then rinsed. The cavities were restored with composite resin and light-cured. After storage in distilled water (37°C) for 24 hours and polishing, the samples were thermocycled and sealed with nail varnish. Then they were stored in 1% basic fuchsin for 24 hours, rinsed and mounted in self-cured acryl resin, followed by sectioning buccolingually. Dye penetration was observed under a stereomicroscope and scored. Data were statistically analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. P<0.05 was set as the level of significance. Results. Only in the Excite group, contamination did not have adverse effects on dentin microleakage (P > 0.05). In the contaminated groups, Excite had significantly less microleakage than the others (P = 0.003). AdheSE and AdheSE One did not exhibit significant difference in microleakage (P > 0.05). Conclusion. ViscoStat hemostatic agent increased dentinal microleakage in AdheSE and AdheSE One adhesives with no effect on Excite.