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Anand N, Palani SG. A comprehensive investigation of toxicity and pollution potential of municipal solid waste landfill leachate. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:155891. [PMID: 35568169 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is evident from the literature that research on the treatment of leachate generated from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills has been a focus area of environmental management. However, the available information is discrete because most studies have reported only one or a couple of aspects of either closed or active MSW landfill leachate treatment. Hence, this investigation has focused on comprehensive attributes of both closed landfill leachate (CLL) and active landfill leachate (ALL), including generation, characterisation, and toxicity assessment to quantify and establish their pollution potential. The results indicated that CLL generation is higher (188.59 m3/d) than ALL (49.53 m3/d). The concentrations of principal physical, chemical, and biological constituents and concomitant leachate pollution index were higher in CLL (33.20) than in ALL (26.65). Furthermore, the germination indices of CLL (57.48) and ALL (79.14) and tail DNA damage of CLL (56.49%) and ALL (23.8%) ratified greater phytotoxicity and genotoxicity potential, respectively of CLL over ALL. The reasons for the variations in the generation, characteristics, and toxicity of CLL and ALL were discussed in detail. Evaluation of the commonly used landfill leachate treatment methods through the analytical hierarchy process confirmed that the activated sludge process and Fenton oxidation process are the most and least preferred treatment methods. The comprehensive investigation of CLL and ALL have established their pollution potential and the inevitable necessity for their treatment. The findings of this investigation will serve as a ready reference for researchers from academia and industry who work on the monitoring, treatment, and management of landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Anand
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India.
| | - Sankar Ganesh Palani
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India.
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Diana Andrushia A, Mary Neebha T, Trephena Patricia A, Umadevi S, Anand N, Varshney A. Image-based disease classification in grape leaves using convolutional capsule network. Soft comput 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-022-07446-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nirappel A, Anand N, Del Valle DS, Soneru A. A woman with white deposits in her eye. BMJ 2022; 377:e067966. [PMID: 35710120 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Nirappel
- Ophthalmology Department, Mass Eye and Ear Main Campus Ringgold standard institution, Boston, Massachusetts, US
| | - Nandita Anand
- Ophthalmology Department, Mass Eye and Ear Main Campus Ringgold standard institution, Boston, Massachusetts, US
| | - David Solá Del Valle
- Ophthalmology Department, Mass Eye and Ear Main Campus Ringgold standard institution, Boston, Massachusetts, US
| | - Allison Soneru
- Ophthalmology Department, Mass Eye and Ear Main Campus Ringgold standard institution, Boston, Massachusetts, US
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Mookkiah I, Singh MV, Bobdey S, Narayan S, Anand N, Maramraj K. Exploring attributes influencing patient satisfaction in a group of hospitals. J Mar Med Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jmms.jmms_158_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Sunilkumar K, Anand N, Satheesh SK, Krishna Moorthy K, Ilavazhagan G. Radiative effects of atmospheric aerosols on the average channel capacity of free-space optical communication systems. Appl Opt 2021; 60:9957-9965. [PMID: 34807186 DOI: 10.1364/ao.438520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Free-space optical (FSO) communication systems employ unguided light beams propagating through the atmosphere to carry a large volume of data. The reliability of such data transfer can be hampered by various atmospheric effects. Based on an analytical model of a differential phase-shift keying FSO system through exponentiated Weibull turbulence, we investigate the effectiveness of beam width optimization and improved beam alignment, along with aperture averaging on the average channel capacity. Our results show significant signal deterioration produced due to the aerosol-induced optical turbulence, which substantially shadows the performance gain achieved through beam width optimization. Strong aerosol-induced atmospheric heating and the consequent enhanced optical scintillations result in reduction of the channel capacity by as much as 50% of its value when these effects are not considered or negligible. FSO systems are more resilient to aerosol-induced optical turbulence when the normalized beam width is less, and the average channel capacity can be significantly improved by improved beam alignment. These variations are weakly dependent under poor transmitter-receiver alignment conditions. Furthermore, the receiver aperture has a strong control on the link performance. While FSO systems with higher magnitude of normalized beam width have improved performance under all aperture diameter conditions; for a given beam configuration, large aperture diameter ensures a significant improvement in the link performance due to reduction in effects of scintillations.
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Sunilkumar K, Anand N, Satheesh SK, Krishna Moorthy K, Ilavazhagan G. Enhanced optical pulse broadening in free-space optical links due to the radiative effects of atmospheric aerosols. Opt Express 2021; 29:865-876. [PMID: 33726313 DOI: 10.1364/oe.409794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Propagation through turbulent media produces complex amplitude fluctuations and temporal spreading of narrow optical pulses. Light-absorbing aerosols present in the atmospheric transmission path will perturb the refractive index structure parameter (Cn2) through atmospheric heating. The consequent enhancement in broadening and attenuation of ultrashort (femtosecond) optical pulses has been calculated by combining multi-satellite observations, radiosonde profiles and computational radiative transfer. It is shown that narrower optical pulses are more vulnerable to aerosol-induced impairments while broader pulses are more resilient, notwithstanding three to four orders of enhanced optical scintillation.
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Anand N, Verma V, Sharma A. Effect of submarine microclimate on respiratory physiology of submariners: An observational study. J Mar Med Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jmms.jmms_13_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Anand N, Soman B, Prakash M. Epidemiological profiling of fatal road crashes in Puducherry, South Coastal India. Indian J Public Health 2021; 65:203-205. [PMID: 34135193 DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_1436_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Road crash fatalities form leading cause of deaths in India. Streamlining road crash data systems are essential for building robust prevention strategies. This study explores epidemiological profile of fatal road crashes in a south Indian urban setting. Between April and June 2019, secondary data on fatal road crashes in Puducherry district for 3-year period (2016, 2017, and 2018) were accessed from traffic police records and analyzed. Raw data accessed in descriptive format was converted to analyzable objective format by self-developed data extraction template. 154 fatal crashes happened in Puducherry during this period. Most victims were males (85.7%), in productive age group (41.5%), with higher rates in monsoon and winter seasons (35.1% each), during evening-to-night hours (41.6%), and during weekends (42%). Most offenders (91.2%) were men, elder than victims, with heavy motor vehicles (91.2%) being the culprit vehicle. Rash driving led to most deaths (53.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Anand
- PhD Scholar (Health Sciences), Achutha Menon Centre for Health Sciences Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Biju Soman
- Professor and Associate Dean (Health Sciences), Achutha Menon Centre for Health Sciences Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, India
| | - Manivel Prakash
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Anand
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emma Klug
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abraham Nirappel
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Solá-Del Valle
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Anand N, Sunilkumar K, Satheesh SK, Krishna Moorthy K. Entanglement of near-surface optical turbulence to atmospheric boundary layer dynamics and particulate concentration: implications for optical wireless communication systems. Appl Opt 2020; 59:1471-1483. [PMID: 32225406 DOI: 10.1364/ao.381737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Localized reduction in optical turbulence due to enhanced atmospheric heating caused by the solar absorption of aerosol black carbon (BC) is reported. Immediate response of atmospheric turbulence to BC-induced atmospheric warming strongly depends on the available solar radiation (time of the day), BC concentration, and atmospheric boundary layer dynamics. Besides the significant climate implications of a reduction in turbulence kinetic energy, a large reduction in the refractive index structure parameter (Cn2) resulting from BC-induced warming would affect the atmospheric propagation of laser beams. Interestingly, aerosols contribute significantly (up to 25%) to the signal deterioration in optical wireless communication systems during convectively stable atmospheric conditions when higher signal-to-noise ratios are expected otherwise due to the reduced thermal convection. Competing effects of the fractional contributions of aerosol extinction and scintillations on beam attenuation are reported; daytime being largely dominated by scintillation effects while the nighttime being dependent on the ambient aerosol concentration as well. We put forward the entanglement of optical turbulence to aerosol concentration, atmospheric boundary layer dynamics, and surface-reaching solar radiation, and discuss the possible implications for optical propagation.
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Sinha P, Sandhu S, Bhatia J, Anand N, Yadav A. Analysis of the utility of direct immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of common immune mediated dermatological conditions. J Mar Med Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jmms.jmms_15_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Anand N, Reidy JJ, Riaz KM. Short-term regression of corneal neovascularization with combination therapy of argon green laser photocoagulation and subconjunctival bevacizumab. Int Med Case Rep J 2019; 12:89-92. [PMID: 31114395 PMCID: PMC6489666 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s195990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a case of a 49 year-old male with history of corneal neovascularization secondary to herpes zoster keratitis that clinically and subjectively improved for approximately 4 months after treatment with argon laser photocoagulation to feeder vessels and subconjunctival bevacizumab. This is the first report in the literature that describes this novel combination treatment for corneal neovascularization in the setting of varicella-zoster virus and discusses its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Anand
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James J Reidy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kamran M Riaz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Bharati SL, Sarma C, Hazarika PJ, Chaurasia PK, Anand N, Yadava S. Novel Mn(III) Porphyrins and Prospects of Their Application in Catalysis. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023619030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Wheless L, Wang L, Edwards L, Anand N, Birdwell K, Hanlon A, Chren M. 280 Validation of algorithms to identify transplant recipients from the electronic health record. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sunilkumar K, Anand N, Satheesh SK, Krishna Moorthy K, Ilavazhagan G. Performance of free-space optical communication systems: effect of aerosol-induced lower atmospheric warming. Opt Express 2019; 27:11303-11311. [PMID: 31052976 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.011303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the effect of aerosol-induced local atmospheric heating and the resulting changes in the lower atmospheric optical turbulence on the performance of Free-Space Optical (FSO) communication links. A closed form mathematical expression is derived to estimate the influence of aerosol-induced warming on the Bit Error Rate (BER) of a Binary Phase Shift Keying FSO communication link through Gamma-Gamma modeled turbulence. Our results demonstrate a strong impact, with the aerosol-induced turbulence taking a toll on the signal-to-noise ratio of ~20 dB for a BER of 10-9. Aerosol-induced warming produces significant variations in BER compared to the clear atmospheric conditions and can subdue the benefits of improved beam alignment.
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Anand N, Blair MP, Greenwald MJ, Rodriguez SH. Refractive outcomes comparing primary laser to primary bevacizumab with delayed laser for type 1 ROP. J AAPOS 2019; 23:88.e1-88.e6. [PMID: 30797978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the refractive outcomes of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and delayed peripheral retinal photocoagulation (PRP) with primary PRP in infants treated for posterior type 1 ROP. METHODS The medical records of 87 infants at a tertiary referral center treated for posterior type 1 ROP between 2006 and 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. Consecutive infants received primary PRP before and primary IVB after a change in treatment practice implemented in early 2011. In most cases primary IVB was supplemented with prophylactic laser treatment after 60 weeks' PMA (IVB-PRP). The main outcome was spherical equivalent (SE) in diopters, determined by cycloplegic refraction between 2 and 4 years. Infants treated with IVB-PRP were also compared to the those who received only IVB as monotherapy. RESULTS The final analysis included 34 eyes of 19 infants in the primary PRP group and 40 eyes of 21 infants in the IVB-PRP group. Mean SE was -7.4 ± 5.2 D in the primary PRP group and -0.16 ± 2.2 D in the IVB-PRP group (P < 0.001). This relationship persisted after stratification by zone of ROP and the presence of aggressive posterior ROP. There was no statistically significant difference in mean SE between the IVB-PRP group and the 8 eyes of 4 infants who received IVB as monotherapy. Of 46 infants who received primary IVB, 37 completed an examination under anesthesia after 60 weeks' PMA. In these patients, 70% of eyes showed peripheral vascular leakage on fluorescein angiography. CONCLUSIONS In our study cohort, infants treated with IVB-PRP were significantly less myopic than those treated with primary PRP. Delayed laser after 60 weeks' PMA, in hopes of reducing the risk of late reactivation with retinal detachment, did not negate the refractive benefits of primary IVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Anand
- University of Chicago, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael P Blair
- University of Chicago, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chicago, Illinois; Retina Consultants, Ltd, Des Plaines, Illinois
| | - Mark J Greenwald
- University of Chicago, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chicago, Illinois
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Fatima A, Shastri P, Ali R, Kashyap S, Abellard A, Chinni S, Anand N, Mataria M. DIFFUSE ALVEOLAR HEMORRHAGE: A RARE CASE OF PULMONARY RENAL SYNDROME IN THE BACKGROUND OF SEROPOSITIVE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. Chest 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.02.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Fatima A, Anand N, Chinni S, Ali R, Rachid M, Krikorian A. AN ANALYSIS OF NATIONWIDE ASTHMA MORBIDITY BURDEN WITH CORRELATION OF PULMONOLOGIST DISTRIBUTION ACROSS THE US. Chest 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.02.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Bobdey S, Narayan S, Ilankumaran M, Vishwanath G, Singh MV, Sinha AK, Anand N, Maramraj K. Telemedicine: A force multiplier of combat medical care in the Indian Navy. J Mar Med Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jmms.jmms_55_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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20
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Anand N, Sunilkumar K, Satheesh SK, Moorthy KK. Distinctive roles of elevated absorbing aerosol layers on free-space optical communication systems. Appl Opt 2018; 57:7152-7158. [PMID: 30182974 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.007152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The impact of enhanced local heating due to absorption of solar radiation by elevated layers of aerosol black carbon (BC) in the lower troposphere in the performance of free-space optical (FSO) communication links is investigated. It is seen that a strong elevated BC layer at an altitude around 4.5 km enhances the atmospheric stability locally and leads to a large reduction in the atmospheric refractive index structure parameter (Cn2), leading to improved performance of the FSO communication links. For layers in the tropical atmosphere with sufficiently high BC concentration, the signal attenuation due to BC absorption is alleviated by the large reduction in Cn2 due to BC-induced warming and brings down the link outage probability. Synergy between reduction in Cn2 and long wavelength transmission improves the link budget significantly by reducing the beam wander and number of adaptive optics units required.
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Walkden A, Huxtable J, Senior M, Lee H, Naylor S, Turner S, Ivanova K, Koppens J, Todd B, Macleod A, Sii F, Anand N, Shah P, King A, Broadway DC, Kirwan JF, McNaught A, Bhan-Bhargava A. Trabeculectomy training in England: are we safe at training? Two year surgical outcomes. Eye (Lond) 2018. [PMID: 29527013 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To define the safety profile of trainee trabeculectomy surgery in the United Kingdom. Surgical exposure for trainees in England is limited due to service requirements, the European working time directive constraints and increasing sub-specialisation of glaucoma surgery. Limited knowledge exists on the outcomes of supervised glaucoma surgery. The aim is to determine the safety of supervised trabeculectomy surgery performed by trainee ophthalmologists. METHODS Retrospective case note review of all patients that had trabeculectomy surgery with MMC by consultant and trainee surgeons across multiple UK centres. All eyes have 2-year follow up. Success was determined using WGA guidelines. Two-tailed p values were obtained using Fisher's exact test to ascertain statistical significance between groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES intraocular pressure, visual acuity, success and failure rates. RESULTS 324 eyes were reviewed. 211 (66.4%) cases were performed by glaucoma consultants, 107(33.6%) by trainee ophthalmologists. The majority of eyes in each group were undergoing surgery for POAG. Post-operative IOP control showed no significant difference between consultant and trainee groups at year 1 and year 2. Success rates showed no significant difference between consultant and trainee cases. Failure rates at year 1 showed a significant difference between the two groups. No significant difference was seen at year 2. The trainee group had significantly more complications, when compared with the consultant group. Snellen visual acuity loss was not statistically significant between the two groups at the 2 year time point. CONCLUSIONS The outcomes of supervised trainee trabeculectomy compare favourably with consultant cases after 2 year follow up. Trainee cases had higher complication rates than consultant cases. Bleb leaks are a common complication of trainee cases, where closer supervision may be required. There is potential for surgical simulation to help increase the success of such cases. These findings may encourage trainee participation in glaucoma surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Walkden
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals, Preston, UK.
| | - J Huxtable
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals, Preston, UK
| | - M Senior
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals, Preston, UK
| | - H Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals, Preston, UK
| | - S Naylor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals, Preston, UK
| | - S Turner
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, UK and Cranfield University, Bedford, UK
| | - K Ivanova
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, UK and Cranfield University, Bedford, UK
| | - J Koppens
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - B Todd
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Macleod
- Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - F Sii
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - N Anand
- Calderdale & Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, UK
| | - P Shah
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - A King
- Nottingham University Hospital, Queens Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - D C Broadway
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital & University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - J F Kirwan
- Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
| | - A McNaught
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, UK and Cranfield University, Bedford, UK
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Anand N. Glaucoma Drainage Device (tube) surgery - what I learned from my first 20 cases. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.04422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Anand
- Ophthalmology; Cheltenham General Hospital; Cheltenham UK
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Anand N, Satheesh SK, Krishna Moorthy K. Dependence of atmospheric refractive index structure parameter (Cn2) on the residence time and vertical distribution of aerosols. Opt Lett 2017; 42:2714-2717. [PMID: 28708151 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.002714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Effects of absorbing atmospheric aerosols in modulating the tropospheric refractive index structure parameter (Cn2) are estimated using high resolution radiosonde and multi-satellite data along with a radiative transfer model. We report the influence of variations in residence time and vertical distribution of aerosols in modulating Cn2 and why the aerosol induced atmospheric heating needs to be considered while estimating a free space optical communication link budget. The results show that performance of the link is seriously affected if large concentrations of absorbing aerosols reside for a long time in the atmospheric path.
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Caballero B, Vorkoper S, Anand N, Rivera JA. Preventing childhood obesity in Latin America: an agenda for regional research and strategic partnerships. Obes Rev 2017; 18 Suppl 2:3-6. [PMID: 28741905 PMCID: PMC5727578 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity in Latin America poses a major public health challenge to the region. In response, many countries are implementing obesity prevention programmes aimed at modifying known risk factors. However, the limited scientific evidence inhibits the development and implementation of novel, effective interventions across the region. To address these gaps, the NIH Fogarty International Center convened a workshop of researchers, policymakers, programme implementers and public health advocates who are actively engaged in the region to prevent childhood obesity. Major aims of the meeting were to define the current status of childhood obesity, identify the scientific gaps in our understanding of the epidemic, point out the barriers and opportunities for research and outline a plan for capacity building in the region in the area of childhood obesity. This series of articles reflects the key outcome of the meeting and offers an analysis of the knowledge translation needed for evidence-based policy initiatives, a review of the research agenda and an evaluation of research capacity in the region. The goal of the papers is to inform the development of multidisciplinary and multisector research collaborations, which are essential to the implementation of successful childhood obesity prevention strategies in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Caballero
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Vorkoper
- Fogarty International Center, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N Anand
- Fogarty International Center, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J A Rivera
- National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Abstract
PurposeTo report long-term outcomes of deep sclerectomy (DS) in eyes with raised intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma secondary to uveitis.Patients and methodsRetrospective consecutive case series of 43 eyes of 43 patients with uveitic glaucoma. Mitomycin C (MMC) 0.2-0.4 mg/ml was applied sub-conjunctivally prior to scleral flap dissection for 2-3 min in 35 eyes (81%). Combined phacoemulsification and DS was done in 4 cases (9%).ResultsMean follow-up was 68.5±33.5 months. In total, 23 eyes (53.5%) had previous intraocular surgery. Pre-operative IOP was 33.6±12.0 mm Hg. Mean IOP at one, three and five years after surgery was 15.5±5.0 mm Hg, 16.9±6.7 mm Hg and 16.4±5.2 mm Hg, respectively.The probability of IOP <22 and <19 mm Hg was 69 and 62% at 3 years and 60 and 51% at 5 years, respectively. This included eyes that had undergone needle revision and/or laser goniopuncture within that period but had not needed glaucoma medication or further glaucoma procedures. The overall number of glaucoma medications decreased from 3.0±1.2 to 0.8±1.2 by last follow-up (P<0.001). Serious complications included hypotony with macular folds in two eyes and occlusion of the trabeculo-Descemet's membrane (TDM) by iris in two eyes. Recurrence of uveitis was observed in 16 eyes. Seven eyes (16.3%) had subsequent procedures including trabeculectomy with MMC in one eye, DS with MMC in two eyes and Baerveldt tube implantation in five eyes.ConclusionsDS is a safe and effective procedure to lower IOP in uveitic glaucoma. However, as with other glaucoma procedures, a significant proportion of patients will require another IOP-lowering procedure in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mercieca
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - L Steeples
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - N Anand
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Calderdale &Huddersfield NHS Trust, Huddersfield, Yorkshire, UK
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Chandrakala C, Parimalam K, Wahab AJ, Anand N. Correlating CD4 count with mucocutaneous manifestations in HIV-positive patients: A prospective study. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2017; 38:128-135. [PMID: 30148265 PMCID: PMC6085934 DOI: 10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_130_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mucocutaneous findings may be the presenting symptoms in HIV-afflicted individuals. A multitude of mucocutaneous diseases also occurs during the course of the ailment, with some conditions being classed as disease defining. They include infectious diseases and noninfective inflammatory and neoplastic dermatoses. With progressive fall in CD4 count, there is a change in the types of mucocutaneous lesions encountered. Aim: This study aims to statistically correlate the CD4 counts with the mucocutaneous manifestations in 100 HIV-positive patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 cases of HIV-positive patients with skin and mucous membrane manifestations were selected serially. A complete history was taken, clinical examination was done, and the CD4 count was noted. Patients were divided into four groups (Groups I, II, III, IV) with different ranges of CD4 values, namely, <50, 50–200, 201–500, >500, respectively. Results: The distribution of study population in CD4 ranges showed that majority (47%) of the study population had CD4 count between 201 and 500, and 29% of the study group had CD4 count between 50 and 200 cells. Almost 21% of the patients had the count > 500 cells and 3% had cell count < 50. Majority of the infectious and non-infectious dermatoses were common in the CD4 count between 201–500 (Group III) and 50–200 (Group II). In the study groups, 52 cases (52%) were on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and the remaining 48 cases (48%) were not on ART at the time of diagnosis of mucocutaneous manifestations. Out of 48 ART-naïve cases, 23 patients were screened and newly diagnosed at the outpatient department (OPD) based on the mucocutaneous manifestations. Most of the patients with multiple mucocutaneous conditions were in the CD4 count <200, whereas single manifestation was seen predominantly in CD4 count >200. Conclusion: Statistically significant association with the CD4 count was seen in herpes zoster ophthalmicus, genital wart, genital herpes, vaginal discharge syndrome, scabies, pyoderma, dermatophytosis, Hansen's disease, herpetic gingivostomatitis, seborrhoeic dermatitis, lichen planus, and drug reactions. These dermatoses may indicate the worsening of immune status and the need for regular monitoring with periodical CD4 counting. Occurrence of dermatoses such as photosensitive eczema, drug reaction, lichen planus, Type I lepra reaction, and herpes zoster ophthalmicus in patients on ART may be due to IRIS. To avoid the more frequent occurrence of infectious dermatoses and to reduce the development of IRIS with ART, all HIV-positive cases may be started on ART at higher CD4 count. Screening for HIV infection is suggested whenever the following conditions are seen: persistent oral candidiasis, atypical manifestations of zoster, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, herpetic gingivostomatitis and MC in adults, exaggerated IBA, and extensive seborrhoeic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chandrakala
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Government Villupuram Medical College and Hospital, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Parimalam
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Government Villupuram Medical College and Hospital, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Afthab Jameela Wahab
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Government Villupuram Medical College and Hospital, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Anand
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Villupuram Medical College and Hospital, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mohan R, Anand N. Role of music and non-musical techniques in self-guided emotional regulation. Eur Psychiatry 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionStudies on relationships between music, visual imagery or therapeutic techniques, like mindfulness and emotions have been undertaken with varying success in predominantly adult populations. Their role in the child and adolescent population remains unclear.Aims and objectivesWe undertook a systematic literature review to assess current evidence in the use of music, guided imagery with/without therapeutic techniques for emotional processing in adults, children and adolescents.MethodsWe identified 87 relevant papers (JSTOR, OVID Medline, Cochrane, PubMed, Science Direct, Taylor & Francis and Wiley). We excluded non-English papers and qualitative analyses. Nine studies used quantitative techniques (Neuroimaging) for assessing emotional change using musical and non-musical stimuli (n = 77). Of these, four studies used fMRI and two used PET scans.ResultsfMRI demonstrates a significant relation between amygdalar activation and emotional response to visual imagery (P < 0.05, n = 45). Early information using PET scanning shows a significant association between activation of different parts of brain with varied visual imagery (one study, n = 5) and varied music (one study, n = 10). There is similarity in the activation of specific cortical areas using musical and non-musical stimuli. Two separate studies of patients with damaged amygdala due to disease (n = 6) showed significant impairment of emotional processing and response.ConclusionsThere is early encouraging data providing evidence of possible relationships between music and visual imagery in emotional processing. Further studies are needed to examine these in detail, especially in children/adolescents. Music with visual imagery may be a useful adjunct in the self-guided processing of milder emotional disorders with components of anxiety, depression, adjustment and emotional dysregulation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Pattnaik S, Anand N, Chandrasekaran SC, Chandrashekar L, Mahalakshmi K, Satpathy A. Clinical and antimicrobial efficacy of a controlled-release device containing chlorhexidine in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abstract
AIM Determine the prevalence and distribution of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) in a large cohort of patients subjected to esophagogastroscopy (EGD). Evaluate usefulness of grading the severity of gastritis, GIM and the impact of Helicobacter pylori (HP). Define the population at risk for gastric adenocarcinoma (GC) and assess the value of surveillance. METHODS In the course of 19 years, we performed 11,600 sequential EGDs in male veterans at Brooklyn, New York. Of all patients, 47 % had EGD only one time while 53 % had EGD repeated, 11 % of these had four or more EGDs. Patients with GIM were matched with equal number of controls with no GI symptoms. All gastric biopsies were processed in one laboratory, using the standardized protocol for histological staining and for grading the severity of epithelial changes. RESULTS Of all patients subjected to EGD, 354 (3.05 %) were diagnosed with GIM. Compared to controls, GIM patients were older, 80 % were over 71. Regarding ethnicity, GIM was 5.4 % more frequent in 177 African Americans than in 159 Caucasians. Distribution of GIM did not differ with respect to age or ethnicity. As many as 6 %of GIM cases were diagnosed with GC. Grading of GIM severity had a predictive value, the average grade of severity in GC was 50 % higher than in non-cancer patients with GIM. Severity of gastritis was also a useful biomarker: patients with GC had more severe gastritis. Surprisingly, HP positivity had no predictive value: HP positive patients had similar distribution of GIM as the HP negative patients. Use of proton pump inhibitors in the past was unknown. CONCLUSION Prevalence of GC in patients with GIM was more than 200 times higher than reported in normal population. Age more than 70 years and African Americans appeared to be at higher risk. Routine EGD and histological diagnosis, with simple grading of severity of epithelial changes provides a useful predictive information. Individuals with upper GI symptoms undergoing EGD with gastric biopsy benefited from routine clinical screening for GC. Patients with higher severity of GIM should enter surveillance (Tab. 1, Fig. 10, Ref. 45).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Henry
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sree Gokulam Medical College & Research Foundation, Venjaramoodu, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 607, Kerala, South India,
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Saumya S, Awasth NP, Husain N, Anand N. Cytodiagnosis of Sacral Chordoma. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2014; 52:1014-1016. [PMID: 26982902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the cytological findings of a sacro-coccygeal chordoma in a 53 year male diagnosed preoperatively by guided fine needle aspiration cytology. The smears shows characteristic Physalliphorous cells in a metachromatic background of myxoid material entrapping cords of cuboidal cells. Differential diagnosis in cytology include conventional and myxoid chondrosarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma, myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH), metastatic mucinous carcinoma and myxo-papillary ependymoma. The distinguishing features between these neoplasms are discussed. Preoperative diagnosis of chordoma permits optimum planned surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saumya
- Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - N P Awasth
- Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - N Husain
- Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - N Anand
- Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Hull M, Lee E, Lee T, Anand N, LaLone V, Parameswaran N. Lithium chloride induces TNFα in mouse macrophages via MEK-ERK-dependent pathway. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:71-80. [PMID: 23904208 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) is one of the currently prescribed drugs for bipolar disorders (BPDs) and has many neuro-regulatory and immune-modulating properties. Because many neuro-pathological diseases including BPDs have been associated with some level of inflammation, Li's effect on inflammation may have some crucial consequences. Even though Li has been shown to have pro- and anti-inflammatory activities in different cell models, mechanisms involved in these effects are not well understood. Moreover, Li's effect on inflammation in the presence of activators of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), especially TLR-2 (that activates MyD88-dependent pathway) and TLR-3 (that activates TRIF-dependent pathway) is not known. Here we tested the role of Li in the presence and absence of TLR2, and TLR3 on MAPK and NFκB pathways and the consequent production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in Raw264.7 macrophages. Our results indicate that Li enhances TNFα production both in the absence and presence of TLR stimulation. Interestingly, Li differentially modulates MAPK and NFκB pathways in the absence and presence of TLR2/3 ligands. Our results further indicate that the effect of Li on TNFα occurs at the post-transcriptional level. Together, these studies demonstrate that Li induces TNFα production in macrophages and that it modulates signaling at different levels depending on the presence or absence of TLR2/3 stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Hull
- Department of Physiology and Division of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Eunhee Lee
- Department of Physiology and Division of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Taehyung Lee
- Department of Physiology and Division of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Nandita Anand
- Department of Physiology and Division of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Vernon LaLone
- Department of Physiology and Division of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Narayanan Parameswaran
- Department of Physiology and Division of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Beckord B, Berkowitz R, Espinoza C, Anand N. Systemic thrombolysis: cure for prosthetic mitral valve thrombosis in the comorbid, non-surgical candidate. Case Reports 2014; 2014:bcr-2013-203071. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-203071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
Work teams must increasingly operate in complex environments characterized by multiple external actors beyond team and organizational boundaries. Although previous research demonstrates the importance of boundary spanning activities to team effectiveness, it reveals relatively little about the process of boundary spanning in these environments. In this article, we investigated the processes of boundary spanning across multiple external actors in 10 cross-organizational teams. We identified three sequences for reaching out to external actors: (a) moving inside-out from vertical actors inside the host organization to horizontal actors outside of the host organization, (b) moving outside-in from horizontal actors to vertical, and (c) staying-inside with vertical actors from the host organization. Our observations suggest that inside-out and outside-in sequences were more successful than simply pleasing the host organization. We build on our empirical findings to develop a process theory of how team boundary spanning activities across multiple external actors influence team effectiveness. Our research underscores the importance of a team’s interactions with actors in its external environment beyond those in an immediate supervisory role and provides insight into the dynamics of boundary spanning in multi-organizational contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - N. Anand
- International Institute for Management Development, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Mavis B, Holmes Rovner M, Jorgenson S, Coffey J, Anand N, Bulica E, Gaulden CM, Peacock J, Ernst A. Patient participation in clinical encounters: a systematic review to identify self-report measures. Health Expect 2014; 18:1827-43. [PMID: 24611995 DOI: 10.1111/hex.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence suggesting that active participation of patients in their health care can improve the quality of care and decrease health-care costs. Further, patient reports of their health-care experience are increasingly used to monitor health-care quality. OBJECTIVE This paper describes a systematic review of peer-reviewed studies to identify measures of patients' active participation in their encounters with health-care providers. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted for publications indexed from 1975 to 2011. Of interest were self-reported measures of patient participation that were not limited to a specific health concern. All abstracts were reviewed independently by two authors, and the full paper was considered for those meeting inclusion criteria. MAIN RESULTS From a review of 4528 citations, ten measures were identified. The approaches to development of the measures varied considerably, as did their study samples and their psychometric quality. DISCUSSION These measures represented three conceptual frameworks: empowerment and self-efficacy, therapeutic alliance, and consumerism/satisfaction. They provide a more comprehensive perspective of patients' experiences of their provider encounters, and a better understanding patient behaviour enhanced the quality of health-care delivery or improved health outcomes. These measures underscore the continuing challenge of defining patient participation and the multiple theoretical approaches that underlie this form of patient behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Current interest in quality-related physician report cards gives significant weight to patients' self-reported experiences as one dimension of physician performance. It is critical to identify the specific focus and quality of measures selected for this and research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Mavis
- Office of Medical Education Research and Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Margaret Holmes Rovner
- Center for Ethics and Humanities in the Life Sciences, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - John Coffey
- Michigan State University Libraries, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Nandita Anand
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Emi Bulica
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Jacob Peacock
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alycia Ernst
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Solitary neurofibroma in the absence of neurofibromatosis is of rare occurrence and very few cases have been reported till date. OBJECTIVE To report a case of a solitary intra-ocular neurofibroma. CASE A 65-year-old man presented to us with a large swelling appearing to arise from right pthisical eye for the past one and a half years. After knowing the extent and origin of mass lesion, right eyeball was enucleated and subjected to histopathological examination which revealed intraocular neurofibroma in the absence of neurofibromatosis which is of very rare occurrence. CONCLUSION The isolated neurofibroma of intraocular origin can present as an isolated orbital mass without systemic features.
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Lansburg J, Roque P, Debartolo P, Anand N. Implementing a Diversion Clinic To Treat Lower-Acuity Emergency Department Patients and Provide Follow-Up Care. Ann Emerg Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chandra R, Anand N. THU0491-HPR Patient survey driven designing of clothes for rheumatoid arthritis patients with deformities (indian senario). Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.2456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Anand N, Wechsler D. Response to Dulku and de Klerk and Moriarty. Eye (Lond) 2012; 27:282-3. [PMID: 23222562 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2012.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Mohapatra SS, Promod P, Anand N, Banerjee C. Assessment of fatigue risk among naval aircrew during carrier borne fighter operations: a pilot study. J Mar Med Soc 2012. [DOI: 10.4103/0975-3605.203211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Anand N, Bhandari S, Fanthome B. An overview of habitability onboard naval platforms. J Mar Med Soc 2012. [DOI: 10.4103/0975-3605.203223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Fanthome B, Chaudhry HBS, Anand N. Hyperbaric medicine: A perspective. J Mar Med Soc 2012. [DOI: 10.4103/0975-3605.203233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ilankumaran M, Anand N. Role of fats in a healthy diet. J Mar Med Soc 2012. [DOI: 10.4103/0975-3605.203205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Mohapatra SS, Patro P, Singh RJ, Anand N. Aeromedicai overview of naval air operations at sea. J Mar Med Soc 2012. [DOI: 10.4103/0975-3605.203244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE To report outcomes of deep sclerectomy (DS) with intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC) application in eyes with previous failed glaucoma surgery (GS) and/or cataract extraction (CE). PATIENTS AND METHODS Single-surgeon case series of 82 eyes of 82 patients undergoing DS with MMC. The patients had previous CE with IOL and/or conjunctival GS and treated intraocular pressure (IOP) >18 mm Hg. MMC (0.2 mg/ml) was applied for 2-3 min before scleral flap dissection. Complete success was defined as IOP between 6 and 21 mm Hg or a reduction of 20% from baseline without medications. Reoperation for glaucoma or related complications, or loss of light perception vision was considered as failure. RESULTS Mean follow-up was 57.7 ± 22.4 months with 78% of patients completing the 3-year follow-up. Mean IOP decreased from 24.0 mm Hg (22.3-25.6, 95% confidence intervals) to 13.4 mm Hg (12.0-14.2) at 3 years after surgery (P<0.001). There was a significant decrease in the number of glaucoma medications from 2.0 ± 1 preoperatively, to 0.3 ± 0.7, 3 years after surgery. Kaplan-Meier cumulative success rates were 85.6% at 1 year, 80.0% at 2 years, and 76% at 3 years. At 3 years, IOP was maintained <19 and 15 mm Hg in 83 and 70% of eyes, respectively. Fourteen eyes (17.1%) had complications. Delayed hypotony (IOP <6 mm Hg) was the commonest complication in five eyes (6.1%). CONCLUSION DS with MMC appears to be a safe and effective surgical procedure for eyes with previous intraocular surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Anand
- Department of Ophthalmology, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Trust, Huddersfield Royal Infirmary, Huddersfield, UK.
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Abstract
AIM To report the safety and efficacy of intraoperative mitomycin (MMC) augmentation of combined phacoemulsification and deep sclerectomy (PDS). METHODS Retrospective, non-randomized, comparative, interventional case series of 119 eyes (63 with and 56 without MMC augmentation) of 119 patients who had PDS between September 2001 and April 2004. RESULTS The mean follow-up was 23 months (range 12-41 months). There were no differences in the baseline characteristics of the two groups except that patients from the phacoemulsification and deep sclerectomy with mitomycin C (PDS-MMC) group were on average, younger by 3 years (P=0.01). Two years after surgery, the probability of maintaining an IOP below 19 and 15 mmHg without glaucoma medications or needle revision was 76 and 62% in the PDS-MMC group and 62 and 45% in the PDS-no MMC group (P=0.02 and 0.04, respectively). Nd:YAG laser goniopuncture was performed in 71.4% of eyes in the PDS-no MMC and 61.9% of the PD-MMC group (P=0.33). Needle revision was performed in 21.4% of the PDS-no MMC and 17.4% of the PDS-MMC group (P=0.65). Ten patients (8.4%) lost more than two lines of Snellen's visual acuity during follow-up, with no difference between the groups. There were few serious complications related to MMC use (hypotony in one eye after laser goniopuncture). The overall incidence of transconjunctival oozing in the PDS-MMC group was 9.5% compared with 5.4% in the PDS-no MMC group. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that augmentation of PDS with MMC is safe. MMC augmentation appears to increase the probability of achieving lower target intraocular pressures after combined PDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anand
- West Yorkshire rotation, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, UK
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Ahmad K, Taneja S, Singh A, Anand N, Qurishi M, Koul S, Qazi G. A chemo-enzymatic route to diastereoisomers of 2-methyl-1-phenyl-1,3-butanediol: the dual role of microorganisms. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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