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Wieser S, Kamencek T, Schmid R, Bedoya-Martínez N, Zojer E. Exploring the Impact of the Linker Length on Heat Transport in Metal–Organic Frameworks. Nanomaterials 2022; 12:nano12132142. [PMID: 35807978 PMCID: PMC9268455 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a highly versatile group of porous materials suitable for a broad range of applications, which often crucially depend on the MOFs’ heat transport properties. Nevertheless, detailed relationships between the chemical structure of MOFs and their thermal conductivities are still largely missing. To lay the foundations for developing such relationships, we performed non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to analyze heat transport in a selected set of materials. In particular, we focus on the impact of organic linkers, the inorganic nodes and the interfaces between them. To obtain reliable data, great care was taken to generate and thoroughly benchmark system-specific force fields building on ab-initio-based reference data. To systematically separate the different factors arising from the complex structures of MOF, we also studied a series of suitably designed model systems. Notably, besides the expected trend that longer linkers lead to a reduction in thermal conductivity due to an increase in porosity, they also cause an increase in the interface resistance between the different building blocks of the MOFs. This is relevant insofar as the interface resistance dominates the total thermal resistance of the MOF. Employing suitably designed model systems, it can be shown that this dominance of the interface resistance is not the consequence of the specific, potentially weak, chemical interactions between nodes and linkers. Rather, it is inherent to the framework structures of the MOFs. These findings improve our understanding of heat transport in MOFs and will help in tailoring the thermal conductivities of MOFs for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Wieser
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.W.); (T.K.)
| | - Tomas Kamencek
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.W.); (T.K.)
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rochus Schmid
- Computational Materials Chemistry Group, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
| | | | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.W.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Kamencek T, Wieser S, Kojima H, Bedoya-Martínez N, Dürholt JP, Schmid R, Zojer E. Evaluating Computational Shortcuts in Supercell-Based Phonon Calculations of Molecular Crystals: The Instructive Case of Naphthalene. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:2716-2735. [PMID: 32155063 PMCID: PMC7205391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
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Phonons crucially
impact a variety of properties of organic semiconductor
materials. For instance, charge- and heat transport depend on low-frequency
phonons, while for other properties, such as the free energy, especially
high-frequency phonons count. For all these quantities one needs to
know the entire phonon band structure, whose simulation becomes exceedingly
expensive for more complex systems when using methods like dispersion-corrected
density functional theory (DFT). Therefore, in the present contribution
we evaluate the performance of more approximate methodologies, including
density functional tight binding (DFTB) and a pool of force fields
(FF) of varying complexity and sophistication. Beyond merely comparing
phonon band structures, we also critically evaluate to what extent
derived quantities, like temperature-dependent heat capacities, mean
squared thermal displacements, and temperature-dependent free energies
are impacted by shortcomings in the description of the phonon bands.
As a benchmark system, we choose (deuterated) naphthalene, as the
only organic semiconductor material for which to date experimental
phonon band structures are available in the literature. Overall, the
best performance among the approximate methodologies is observed for
a system-specifically parametrized second-generation force field.
Interestingly, in the low-frequency regime also force fields with
a rather simplistic model for the bonding interactions (like the General
Amber Force Field) perform rather well. As far as the tested DFTB
parametrization is concerned, we obtain a significant underestimation
of the unit-cell volume resulting in a pronounced overestimation of
the phonon energies in the low-frequency region. This cannot be mended
by relying on the DFT-calculated unit cell, since with this unit cell
the DFTB phonon frequencies significantly underestimate the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Kamencek
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sandro Wieser
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hirotaka Kojima
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | | | - Johannes P Dürholt
- Computational Materials Chemistry Group, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Rochus Schmid
- Computational Materials Chemistry Group, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Giunchi A, Rivalta A, Bedoya-Martínez N, Schrode B, Braun DE, Werzer O, Venuti E, Della Valle RG. Surface Induced Phenytoin Polymorph. 2. Structure Validation by Comparing Experimental and Density Functional Theory Raman Spectra. Cryst Growth Des 2019; 19:6067-6073. [PMID: 33828438 PMCID: PMC8016182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A method for structure solution in thin films that combines grazing incidence X-ray diffraction data analysis and crystal structure prediction was presented in a recent work (Braun et al. Cryst. Growth Des.2019, DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00857). Applied to phenytoin form II, which is only detected in films, the approach gave a very reasonable, but not fully confirmed, candidate structure with Z = 4 and Z' = 2. In the present work, we demonstrate how, by calculating and measuring the crystal Raman spectrum in the low wavenumber energy region with the aim of validating the candidate structure, this can be further refined. In fact, we find it to correspond to a saddle point of the energy landscape of the system, from which a minimum of lower symmetry may be reached. With the new structure, with Z = 4 and Z' = 2, we finally obtain an excellent agreement between experimental and calculated Raman spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giunchi
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Arianna Rivalta
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Benedikt Schrode
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Doris E. Braun
- Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Oliver Werzer
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabetta Venuti
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaele Guido Della Valle
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
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Bedoya-Martínez N, Giunchi A, Salzillo T, Venuti E, Della Valle RG, Zojer E. Toward a Reliable Description of the Lattice Vibrations in Organic Molecular Crystals: The Impact of van der Waals Interactions. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:4380-4390. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bedoya-Martínez
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Giunchi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Salzillo
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Venuti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaele Guido Della Valle
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Bedoya-Martínez N, Schrode B, Jones AOF, Salzillo T, Ruzié C, Demitri N, Geerts YH, Venuti E, Della Valle RG, Zojer E, Resel R. DFT-Assisted Polymorph Identification from Lattice Raman Fingerprinting. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3690-3695. [PMID: 28731723 PMCID: PMC5545759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A combined experimental and theoretical approach, consisting of lattice phonon Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, is proposed as a tool for lattice dynamics characterization and polymorph phase identification. To illustrate the reliability of the method, the lattice phonon Raman spectra of two polymorphs of the molecule 2,7-dioctyloxy[1]benzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene are investigated. We show that DFT calculations of the lattice vibrations based on the known crystal structures, including many-body dispersion van der Waals (MBD-vdW) corrections, predict experimental data within an accuracy of ≪5 cm-1 (≪0.6 meV). Due to the high accuracy of the simulations, they can be used to unambiguously identify different polymorphs and to characterize the nature of the lattice vibrations and their relationship to the structural properties. More generally, this work implies that DFT-MBD-vdW is a promising method to describe also other physical properties that depend on lattice dynamics like charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bedoya-Martínez
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
- E-mail: (N.B.-M.)
| | - Benedikt Schrode
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrew O. F. Jones
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tommaso Salzillo
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Christian Ruzié
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polyméres, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) CP206/01, Campus de la Plaine, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra
- Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Yves H. Geerts
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polyméres, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) CP206/01, Campus de la Plaine, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elisabetta Venuti
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaele Guido Della Valle
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Resel
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
- E-mail: (R.R.)
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