Kalashnikova IG, Nekrasova AI, Korobeynikova AV, Bobrova MM, Ashniev GA, Bakoev SY, Zagainova AV, Lukashina MV, Tolkacheva LR, Petryaikina ES, Nekrasov AS, Mitrofanov SI, Shpakova TA, Frolova LV, Bulanova NV, Snigir EA, Mukhin VE, Yudin VS, Makarov VV, Keskinov AA, Yudin SM. The Association between Gut Microbiota and Serum Biomarkers in Children with Atopic Dermatitis.
Biomedicines 2024;
12:2351. [PMID:
39457662 PMCID:
PMC11505256 DOI:
10.3390/biomedicines12102351]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background. Currently, it is known that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the functioning of the immune system, and a rebalancing of the bacterial community can arouse complex immune reactions and lead to immune-mediated responses in an organism, in particular, the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). Cytokines and chemokines are regulators of the innate and adaptive immune response and represent the most important biomarkers of the immune system. It is known that changes in cytokine profiles are a hallmark of many diseases, including atopy. However, it remains unclear how the bacterial imbalance disrupts the function of the immune response in AD. Objectives. We attempted to determine the role of gut bacteria in modulating cytokine pathways and their role in atopic inflammation. Methods. We sequenced the 16S rRNA gene from 50 stool samples of children aged 3-12 years who had confirmed atopic dermatitis, and 50 samples from healthy children to serve as a control group. To evaluate the immune status, we conducted a multiplex immunofluorescence assay and measured the levels of 41 cytokines and chemokines in the serum of all participants. Results. To find out whether changes in the composition of the gut microbiota were significantly associated with changes in the level of inflammatory cytokines, a correlation was calculated between each pair of bacterial family and cytokine. In the AD group, 191 correlations were significant (Spearman's correlation coefficient, p ≤ 0.05), 85 of which were positive and 106 which were negative. Conclusions. It has been demonstrated that intestinal dysbiosis is associated with alterations in cytokine profiles, specifically an increase in proinflammatory cytokine concentrations. This may indicate a systemic impact of these conditions, leading to an imbalance in the immune system's response to the Th2 type. As a result, atopic conditions may develop. Additionally, a correlation between known AD biomarkers (IL-5, IL-8, IL-13, CCL22, IFN-γ, TNF-α) and alterations in the abundance of bacterial families (Pasteurellaceae, Barnesiellaceae, Eubacteriaceae) was observed.
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