Amelioration of Combination of Paclitaxel and Di Allyl Sulfide on the Alterations of Bcl2, P53 and Apoptosis Changes Against 7,12 Di Methyl Benz (A) Anthracene Induced Skin Cancer in Experimental Animals

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Bcl2, P⁵³ and apoptosis changes against skin cancer in experimental animals. Skin cancer is the most common form of human cancer. It is estimated that over 1 million new cases occur annually. The annual rates of all forms of skin cancer are increasing each year, representing a growing public concern. It has also been estimated that nearly half of all Americans who live to age 65 are likely to develop skin cancer at least once. Skin cancer was induced in rats by Di Methyl Benz (a) Anthracene at the dosage of DMBA (5 µg) per animal, three times a week for 28 weeks after conformation of skin cancer treated with Paclitaxel and Di allyl sulfide for 30 days. The levels of Bcl2 gene expression were significantly decreased and P⁵³gene expression were markedly increased in Paclitaxel and Di allyl sulfide treated animals when compared with cancer bearing animals. The treatment with combination of Paclitaxel and Di allyl sulfide effectively reduced Bcl2 protein expression and also increased P⁵³gene expression. Moreover, the levels of Bcl2 and P⁵³ a good indicators of restoring the skin architecture, were also reversed in skin damage subjects after treatment with the herbal compounds preparation. So, from the obtained results it is concluded that a combination of Paclitaxel and Di allyl sulfide is capable of restoring the skin architecture and can also increase the apoptosis activities in skin cancer rats.

Effect of Enzymatic Changes in Vitamin D Combination with LIV-52 on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Disease in Wistar Rats

Aim: The present study was conducted to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of enzymatic changes in vitamin D combination with Liv-52 on CCl4 induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats.  Background: The central organ of liver plays an essential vital role in the metabolism, and the liver is called as the metabolic “engine-room of the body”. Therefore, to maintain a healthy liver is a crucial factor for overall health and well being. The liver is the central organ for pharmaceutical drug or chemicals and xenobiotic detoxification metabolism, which regulates most of medication and xenobiotic-related toxic activity. High metabolic and synthetic activity in this organ is an important place for the generation of free radicals. Materials and Methods: Adult male Albino Wistar rats weighing 150-250g were used in this study. The rats were split into six groups, each consisted of six rats. CCl4 were admitted  two days in a week for five weeks.   Liver disease associated animals were treated with Vitamin D and Liv-52 for 5 weeks. Results: The levels of AST, ALT, ALP, γ-GT, and AFP were significantly reduced in vitamin D, and Liv-52 treated animals when compared with CCl4 induced animals. Moreover, the levels of Vitamin D and Liv-52, a good indicator of restoring the liver architecture, were also reversed in the damage after treatment. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the combination drugs were more hepatoprotective effect when compared with the individual.

Antitumor activity of withaferin-A and propolis in benz (a) pyrene-induced breast cancer

Female breast cancer is the leading malignancy surpassing lung cancer recently, and its incidence is continued to rise in many countries. The existing anticancer drugs have limitations like drug resistance and adverse effects leading to poor clinical outcomes. The natural compounds withaferin-A and propolis have been individually reported for their anticancer activity in preclinical models. However, the combined effect of these compounds has not been studied especially in breast cancer models. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the effect of Withaferin-A and propolis on Benz(a)pyrene-induced breast cancer. Wistar rats of female gender were treated with saline (normal control), Benz(a)pyrene (disease control), Benz(a)pyrene+ Withaferin-A or Propolis, Benz(a)pyrene+ Withaferin-A+ Propolis. At the end of the treatment, the plasma levels of carcino embryonic antigen (CEA) were measured. We observed a decrease in carcino embryonic antigen (CEA) levels in rats received withaferin-A and propolis combination rather than individual compounds indicating their beneficial role in breast cancer. Results of the present study show that propolis, when combined with withaferin A, exhibits better anti tumor activity than its individual effect in Benz (a) pyrene-induced mammary carcinogenesis.

Serological Changes of Monoclonal Antibody CAMA3C8 against Human Breast Cancer Cell Line

Background: Tumor associated antigen are glycoproteins and glycolipids expressed on the surface or in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. The antigenic components are shed from the tumor cells into the tissue culture medium or blood or other human body fluids like human milk. Objective: In the present study, investigate the serological assay of the antigen recognized by CAMA3C8 in patients with carcinoma of the breast. Methods: The study is desgriptive cross section study.The study was divited into four groups based on the expression of tumor associated antigen. Results: In breast cancer CAMA3C8 levels were significantly increased in stage 4 when compared with stage 1 breast cancer cell line.  Conclusion: In the present study, we conclude that significantly recognized CAMA3C8 defined antigens in breast cancer.

Role of traditional and new biomarkers in the assessment of chronic kidney diseases: a comprehensive analysis of the biochemical, molecular and clinical dimensions

BACKGROUND

Kidney function is necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of renal diseases. Traditional biomarkers like creatinine have limitations due to their susceptibility to interference and fluctuation. This study's objective is to test and compare the efficacy of conventional and innovative biomarkers in evaluating kidney function and disease.

METHODS

We looked at creatinine, cystatin C, parathyroid hormone (PTH), electrolytes, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), the APA I gene, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). The present study focused on the stability, sensitivity, and specificity of biomarkers using a combination of traditional and innovative analytical techniques.

RESULTS

Present results showed that creatinine, although commonly used as a measure, frequently overestimates renal function as a result of chromogenic interference. On the other hand, cystatin C showed better sensitivity and was less reliant on influences outside the kidneys. Kidney biomarkers, such as KIM-1, exhibit the potential for identifying acute kidney injury at an early stage. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between increased levels of CRP and PTH and the progression of kidney disease to more advanced stages.

CONCLUSION

This study emphasizes the importance of combining traditional and new biomarkers to improve the accuracy of diagnosing and managing kidney illness. The more effective use of biomarkers will result in improved patient outcomes.