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Malmegrim KCR, de Azevedo JTC, Arruda LCM, Abreu JRF, Couri CEB, de Oliveira GLV, Palma PVB, Scortegagna GT, Stracieri ABPL, Moraes DA, Dias JBE, Pieroni F, Cunha R, Guilherme L, Santos NM, Foss MC, Covas DT, Burt RK, Simões BP, Voltarelli JC, Roep BO, Oliveira MC. Immunological Balance Is Associated with Clinical Outcome after Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2017; 8:167. [PMID: 28275376 PMCID: PMC5319960 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) increases C-peptide levels and induces insulin independence in patients with type 1 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate how clinical outcomes may associate with the immunological status, especially concerning the balance between immunoregulation and autoreactivity. Twenty-one type 1 diabetes patients were monitored after AHSCT and assessed every 6 months for duration of insulin independence, C-peptide levels, frequencies of islet-specific autoreactive CD8+ T cells (CTL), regulatory lymphocyte subsets, thymic function, and T-cell repertoire diversity. In median follow-up of 78 (range 15–106) months, all patients became insulin-independent, resuming insulin after median of 43 (range 6–100) months. Patients were retrospectively divided into short- or prolonged-remission groups, according to duration of insulin independence. For the entire follow-up, CD3+CD4+ T-cell numbers remained lower than baseline in both groups, whereas CD3+CD8+ T-cell levels did not change, resulting in a CD4/CD8 ratio inversion. Memory CTL comprehended most of T cells detected on long-term follow-up of patients after AHSCT. B cells reconstituted to baseline levels at 2–3 months post-AHSCT in both patient groups. In the prolonged-remission-group, baseline islet-specific T-cell autoreactivity persisted after transplantation, but regulatory T cell counts increased. Patients with lower frequencies of autoreactive islet-specific T cells remained insulin-free longer and presented greater C-peptide levels than those with lower frequencies of these cells. Therefore, immune monitoring identified a subgroup of patients with superior clinical outcome of AHSCT. Our study shows that improved immunoregulation may balance autoreactivity endorsing better metabolic outcomes in patients with lower frequencies of islet-specific T cells. Development of new strategies of AHSCT is necessary to increase frequency and function of T and B regulatory cells and decrease efficiently autoreactive islet-specific T and B memory cells in type 1 diabetes patients undergoing transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelen C R Malmegrim
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Júlia T C de Azevedo
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucas C M Arruda
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Joana R F Abreu
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Carlos E B Couri
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gislane L V de Oliveira
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Patricia V B Palma
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Gabriela T Scortegagna
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Ana B P L Stracieri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Daniela A Moraes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Juliana B E Dias
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Fabiano Pieroni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Renato Cunha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Luiza Guilherme
- Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Nathália M Santos
- Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Milton C Foss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Dimas T Covas
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Richard K Burt
- Division of Immunotherapy, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Belinda P Simões
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Júlio C Voltarelli
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Bart O Roep
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Diabetes Immunology, Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Maria C Oliveira
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Bunyaev SA, Golub VO, Salyuk OY, Tartakovskaya EV, Santos NM, Timopheev AA, Sobolev NA, Serga AA, Chumak AV, Hillebrands B, Kakazei GN. Splitting of standing spin-wave modes in circular submicron ferromagnetic dot under axial symmetry violation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18480. [PMID: 26690826 PMCID: PMC4686882 DOI: 10.1038/srep18480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The spin wave dynamics in patterned magnetic nanostructures is under intensive study during the last two decades. On the one hand, this interest is generated by new physics that can be explored in such structures. On the other hand, with the development of nanolithography, patterned nanoelements and their arrays can be used in many practical applications (magnetic recording systems both as media and read-write heads, magnetic random access memory, and spin-torque oscillators just to name a few). In the present work the evolution of spin wave spectra of an array of non-interacting Permalloy submicron circular dots for the case of magnetic field deviation from the normal to the array plane have been studied by ferromagnetic resonance technique. It is shown that such symmetry violation leads to a splitting of spin-wave modes, and that the number of the split peaks depends on the mode number. A quantitative description of the observed spectra is given using a perturbation theory for small angles of field inclination from the symmetry direction. The obtained results give possibility to predict transformation of spin wave spectra depending on direction of the external magnetic field that can be important for spintronic and nanomagnetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Bunyaev
- IFIMUP and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Departamento de Física, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - V O Golub
- Institute of Magnetism, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 36b Vernadskogo Blvd, 03142 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - O Yu Salyuk
- Institute of Magnetism, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 36b Vernadskogo Blvd, 03142 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - E V Tartakovskaya
- Institute of Magnetism, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 36b Vernadskogo Blvd, 03142 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - N M Santos
- Departamento de Física and I3N, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A A Timopheev
- Departamento de Física and I3N, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - N A Sobolev
- Departamento de Física and I3N, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.,National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Serga
- Fachbereich Physik and Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - A V Chumak
- Fachbereich Physik and Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - B Hillebrands
- Fachbereich Physik and Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - G N Kakazei
- IFIMUP and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Departamento de Física, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Salay G, Dorta ML, Santos NM, Mortara RA, Brodskyn C, Oliveira CI, Barbiéri CL, Rodrigues MM. Testing of four Leishmania vaccine candidates in a mouse model of infection with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, the main causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2007; 14:1173-81. [PMID: 17626159 PMCID: PMC2043302 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00060-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated whether four recombinant antigens previously used for vaccination against experimental infection with Leishmania (Leishmania) major could also induce protective immunity against a challenge with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, the species responsible for 90% of the 28,712 annual cases of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis recorded in Brazil during the year of 2004. Initially, we isolated the homolog genes encoding four L. (V.) braziliensis antigens: (i) homologue of receptor for activated C kinase, (ii) thiol-specific antioxidant, (iii) Leishmania elongation and initiation factor, and (iv) L. (L.) major stress-inducible protein 1. At the deduced amino acid level, all four open reading frames had a high degree of identity with the previously described genes of L. (L.) major being expressed on promastigotes and amastigotes of L. (V.) braziliensis. These genes were inserted into the vector pcDNA3 or expressed as bacterial recombinant proteins. After immunization with recombinant plasmids or proteins, BALB/c mice generated specific antibody or cell-mediated immune responses (gamma interferon production). After an intradermal challenge with L. (V.) braziliensis infective promastigotes, no significant reduction on the lesions was detected. We conclude that the protective immunity afforded by these four vaccine candidates against experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. (L.) major could not be reproduced against a challenge with L. (V.) braziliensis. Although negative, we consider our results important since they suggest that studies aimed at the development of an effective vaccine against L. (V.) braziliensis, the main causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World, should be redirected toward distinct antigens or different vaccination strategies.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Protozoan/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Protozoan/immunology
- Antigens, Protozoan/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Protozoan/genetics
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Heat-Shock Proteins/biosynthesis
- Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- Heat-Shock Proteins/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoassay/methods
- Leishmania braziliensis/genetics
- Leishmania braziliensis/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/parasitology
- Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/prevention & control
- Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/parasitology
- Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/prevention & control
- Life Cycle Stages
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Open Reading Frames
- Peptide Initiation Factors/biosynthesis
- Peptide Initiation Factors/genetics
- Peptide Initiation Factors/immunology
- Protozoan Proteins/biosynthesis
- Protozoan Proteins/genetics
- Protozoan Proteins/immunology
- Protozoan Vaccines/genetics
- Protozoan Vaccines/immunology
- Protozoan Vaccines/pharmacology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- G Salay
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Terapia Gênica, UNIFESP-EPM, Rua Mirassol, 207, São Paulo, SP 04044-010, Brazil
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