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Torrente F, Ashwood P, Day R, Machado N, Furlano RI, Anthony A, Davies SE, Wakefield AJ, Thomson MA, Walker-Smith JA, Murch SH. Small intestinal enteropathy with epithelial IgG and complement deposition in children with regressive autism. Mol Psychiatry 2002; 7:375-82, 334. [PMID: 11986981 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2001] [Revised: 01/02/2002] [Accepted: 01/03/2002] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We have reported lymphocytic colitis in children with regressive autism, with epithelial damage prominent. We now compare duodenal biopsies in 25 children with regressive autism to 11 with coeliac disease, five with cerebral palsy and mental retardation and 18 histologically normal controls. Immunohistochemistry was performed for lymphocyte and epithelial lineage and functional markers. We determined the density of intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocyte populations, and studied mucosal immunoglobulin and complement C1q localisation. Standard histopathology showed increased enterocyte and Paneth cell numbers in the autistic children. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated increased lymphocyte infiltration in both epithelium and lamina propria with upregulated crypt cell proliferation, compared to normal and cerebral palsy controls. Intraepithelial lymphocytes and lamina propria plasma cells were lower than in coeliac disease, but lamina propria T cell populations were higher and crypt proliferation similar. Most strikingly, IgG deposition was seen on the basolateral epithelial surface in 23/25 autistic children, co-localising with complement C1q. This was not seen in the other conditions. These findings demonstrate a novel form of enteropathy in autistic children, in which increases in mucosal lymphocyte density and crypt cell proliferation occur with epithelial IgG deposition. The features are suggestive of an autoimmune lesion.
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Machado N, Ludden JN, Brooks C, Thompson G. Fine-scale isotopic heterogeneity in the sub-Atlantic mantle. Nature 1982. [DOI: 10.1038/295226a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Carbas B, Machado N, Oppolzer D, Ferreira L, Queiroz M, Brites C, Rosa EAS, Barros AIRNA. Nutrients, Antinutrients, Phenolic Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Common Bean Cultivars and their Potential for Food Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020186. [PMID: 32102193 PMCID: PMC7070695 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phaseolus vulgaris L. is the most commonly consumed legume in the world, given its high vegetable protein content, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant properties. It also represents one of the most sustainable, low-carbon and sources of food available at present to man. This study aims to identify the nutrients, antinutrients, phenolic composition, and antioxidant profile of 10 common bean cultivars (Arikara yellow, butter, cranberry, red kidney, navy, pinto, black, brown eyed, pink eyed, and tarrestre) from two harvest years, thereby assessing the potential of each cultivar for specific applications in the food industry. Navy and pink eyed beans showed higher potential for enrichment of foodstuffs and gluten-free products due to their higher protein and amino acid contents. Additionally, red kidney, cranberry and Arikara yellow beans had the highest content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties, which can act as functional ingredients in food products, thus bringing health benefits. Our study highlights the potential of using specific bean cultivars in the development of nutrient-enriched food and as functional ingredients in diets designed for disease prevention and treatment.
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Journal Article |
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Nunes RB, Tonetto M, Machado N, Chazan M, Heck TG, Veiga ABG, Dall'Ago P. Physical exercise improves plasmatic levels of IL-10, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and muscle lipid peroxidation in chronic heart failure rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2008; 104:1641-7. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00062.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by left ventricular dysfunction, resulting in hemodynamic changes, sustained inflammatory state, as well as increase in oxidative stress. Physical exercise has been described as an important nonpharmacological procedure in the treatment of CHF, contributing to the improvement of the clinical outcomes in this disease. This study evaluated the effects of physical training on hemodynamics, muscle lipid peroxidation, and plasmatic levels of IL-10 in CHF rats. The left coronary artery was ligated to induce CHF, or sham operation was performed in control groups. Rats were assigned to one of four groups: trained CHF (T-CHF, n = 10), sedentary CHF (S-CHF, n = 10), trained sham (T-Sham, n = 10), or sedentary sham (S-Sham, n = 10). Trained animals had carried out a swimming protocol, 60 min/day, 5 days/wk, during 8 wk, whereas sedentary animals remained without training. Eight weeks of physical training promoted an improvement of diastolic function represented by a reduction of the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in the T-CHF group compared with the S-CHF group ( P < 0.05). Lipid peroxidation evaluated in gastrocnemius muscle using thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay was higher in the S-CHF group compared with all other groups ( P < 0.05). However, there were no differences between T-CHF compared with S-Sham and T-Sham groups. The plasmatic levels of IL-10 were lower in the S-CHF group compared with all other groups ( P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that regular physical training using a swimming protocol, with duration of 8 wk, improves the cardiac function and the anti-inflammatory response and reduces muscle cellular damage.
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Gouvinhas I, Machado N, Sobreira C, Domínguez-Perles R, Gomes S, Rosa E, Barros AIRNA. Critical Review on the Significance of Olive Phytochemicals in Plant Physiology and Human Health. Molecules 2017; 22:E1986. [PMID: 29144445 PMCID: PMC6150410 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive oil displays remarkable organoleptic and nutritional features, which turn it into a foodstuff appreciated by consumers, and a basic component of the Mediterranean diet. Indeed, the noticed benefits of including olive oil in the diet have been assigned to the presence of diverse bioactive compounds with different molecular structures. These compounds confer a wide range of biological properties to this food matrix, including the prevention of distinct human diseases as well as the modulation of their severity. The most relevant bioactive compounds present in olive oil correspond to benzoic and cinnamic acids, phenolic alcohols and secoiridoids, and also flavonoids. Over the last decades, several studies, devoted to gaining a further insight into the relative contribution of the separate groups and individual compounds for their biological activities, have been conducted, providing relevant information on structure-activity relationships. Therefore, this paper critically reviews the health benefits evidenced by distinct phenolic compounds found in olive oils, thus contributing to clarify the relationship between their chemical structures and biological functions, further supporting their interest as essential ingredients of wholesome foods.
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Review |
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Yu F, Fan Q, Tian Q, Ngamsombat C, Machado N, Bireley JD, Russo AW, Nummenmaa A, Witzel T, Wald LL, Klawiter EC, Huang SY. Imaging G-Ratio in Multiple Sclerosis Using High-Gradient Diffusion MRI and Macromolecular Tissue Volume. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1871-1877. [PMID: 31694819 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Remyelination represents an area of great therapeutic interest in multiple sclerosis but currently lacks a robust imaging marker. The purpose of this study was to use high-gradient diffusion MRI and macromolecular tissue volume imaging to obtain estimates of axonal volume fraction, myelin volume fraction, and the imaging g-ratio in patients with MS and healthy controls and to explore their relationship to neurologic disability in MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty individuals with MS (23 relapsing-remitting MS, 7 progressive MS) and 19 age-matched healthy controls were scanned on a 3T MRI scanner equipped with 300 mT/m maximum gradient strength using a comprehensive multishell diffusion MRI protocol. Macromolecular tissue volume imaging was performed to quantify the myelin volume fraction. Diffusion data were fitted to a 3-compartment model of white matter using a spheric mean approach to yield estimates of axonal volume fraction. The imaging g-ratio was calculated from the ratio of myelin volume fraction and axonal volume fraction. Imaging metrics were compared between groups using 2-sided t tests with a Bonferroni correction. RESULTS The mean g-ratio was significantly elevated in lesions compared with normal-appearing WM (0.74 vs 0.67, P < .001). Axonal volume fraction (0.17 vs 0.23, P < .001) and myelin volume fraction (0.17 vs 0.25, P < .001) were significantly lower in lesions than normal-appearing WM. Myelin volume fraction was lower in normal-appearing WM compared with that in healthy controls (0.25 vs 0.27, P = .009). Disability, as measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale, was significantly associated with myelin volume fraction (β = -40.5, P = .001) and axonal volume fraction (β = -41.0, P = .016) in normal-appearing WM. CONCLUSIONS The imaging g-ratio may serve as a biomarker for the relative degree of axonal and myelin loss in MS.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
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Gouvinhas I, Machado N, Carvalho T, de Almeida JM, Barros AI. Short wavelength Raman spectroscopy applied to the discrimination and characterization of three cultivars of extra virgin olive oils in different maturation stages. Talanta 2015; 132:829-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Machado M, Machado N, Gouvinhas I, Cunha M, de Almeida JMMM, Barros AIRNA. Quantification of Chemical Characteristics of Olive Fruit and Oil of cv Cobrançosa in Two Ripening Stages Using MIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-0017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Trapani M, Castriciano MA, Romeo A, De Luca G, Machado N, Howes BD, Smulevich G, Scolaro LM. Nanohybrid Assemblies of Porphyrin and Au 10 Cluster Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9071026. [PMID: 31323800 PMCID: PMC6669571 DOI: 10.3390/nano9071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between gold sub-nanometer clusters composed of ten atoms (Au10) and tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS) was investigated through various spectroscopic techniques. Under mild acidic conditions, the formation, in aqueous solutions, of nanohybrid assemblies of porphyrin J-aggregates and Au10 cluster nanoparticles was observed. This supramolecular system tends to spontaneously cover glass substrates with a co-deposit of gold nanoclusters and porphyrin nanoaggregates, which exhibit circular dichroism (CD) spectra reflecting the enantiomorphism of histidine used as capping and reducing agent. The morphology of nanohybrid assemblies onto a glass surface was revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and showed the concomitant presence of gold nanoparticles with an average size of 130 nm and porphyrin J-aggregates with lengths spanning from 100 to 1000 nm. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was observed for the nanohybrid assemblies.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical presentation and assess the usefulness of various diagnostic modalities and outcome of treatment of abdominal tuberculosis (TB). MATERIALS AND METHODS The files of patients admitted to Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) with a diagnosis of abdominal TB from January 91 to December 99 were studied retrospectively and data abstracted. RESULTS Eighteen patients were diagnosed during this period, of which ten were males. The median age was 27 years (range 5-65). The common symptoms were fever, weight loss, anorexia, and abdominal pain. Abdominal signs were less frequent and included hepatomegaly and ascites. Eight patients had co-existent immunocompromised disorders; two of these had active pulmonary TB. Diagnostic investigations included gastrointestinal contrast studies in two, ultrasound (US) guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in nine, and laparoscopy and/or laparotomy in seven. All patients underwent antituberculous therapy for 9-12 months, in addition to the treatment of associated disorders. The response to antituberculous therapy was good except in one patient with HIV. Four patients died from associated primary disorders. CONCLUSIONS The clinical presentation was non-specific and nearly half of the patients had associated immunocompromised disorders; thus a high index of clinical suspicion is required. US guided FNAC and selective laparoscopy were the most useful diagnostic modalities. Antituberculous therapy was effective.
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Domínguez-Perles R, Machado N, Abraão AS, Carnide V, Ferreira L, Rodrigues M, Rosa EA, Barros AI. Chemometric analysis on free amino acids and proximate compositional data for selecting cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) diversity. J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gouvinhas I, Machado N, Cunha M, Pereira M, Matos C, Gomes S, Lopes J, Martins-Lopes P, Barros AIRNA. Trace Element Content of Monovarietal and Commercial Portuguese Olive Oils. J Oleo Sci 2016; 64:1083-93. [PMID: 26440928 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea L.) represents one of the most important and ancient crops in the Mediterranean countries, being widely known due to the optimal organoleptic characteristics of its oil, besides the important health benefits assigned to this product in the last few years. Since olive oil composition, respecting specific trace elements, has a direct impact on the quality and safety of this product, eleven monovarietal and twelve commercial olive oils were analysed spectrometrically concerning their metal composition. Regarding quality parameters, the monovarietal olive oils display larger quantities of Mg, Fe, Mn, while the commercial samples are characterized by greater amounts of Na, Ca, Cu and Zn. In which respects to safety parameters, the commercial samples present higher values for Al and Pb, and lower quantities of Cd, respecting the monovarietal ones. The assessment of the values observed for the trace elements, resorting to multivariate statistical methods, allowed to clearly distinguish the type of olive oil production-monovarietal or commercial blend. For this purpose, besides Cluster analysis, the data have been subjected to Principal Component Analysis-undertaken for either all the evaluated parameters simultaneously, or the quality/safety parameters separately, both data sets allowing the discrimination of the samples.
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Reilly M, Machado N, Blumstein SE. Hemispheric lateralization of semantic feature distinctiveness. Neuropsychologia 2015; 75:99-108. [PMID: 26022059 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent models of semantic memory propose that the semantic representation of concepts is based, in part, on a network of features. In this view, a feature that is distinctive for an object (a zebra has stripes) is processed differently from a feature that is shared across many objects (a zebra has four legs). The goal of this paper is to determine whether there are hemispheric differences in such processing. In a feature verification task, participants responded 'yes' or 'no' following concepts which were presented to a single visual field (left or right) paired with a shared or distinctive feature. Both hemispheres showed faster reaction times to shared features than to distinctive features, although right hemisphere responses were significantly slower overall and particularly in the processing of distinctive features. These findings support models of semantic processing in which the dominant left hemisphere more efficiently performs highly discriminating 'fine' encoding, in contrast to the right hemisphere which performs less discriminating 'coarse' encoding.
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
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Machado N, Oppolzer D, Ramos A, Ferreira L, Rosa EA, Rodrigues M, Domínguez-Perles R, Barros AI. Evaluating the freezing impact on the proximate composition of immature cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) pods: classical versus spectroscopic approaches. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4295-4305. [PMID: 28276078 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Freezing represents a common conservation practice regarding vegetal foodstuffs. Since compositional features need to be monitored during storage, the development of rapid monitoring tools suitable for assessing nutritional characteristics arises as a pertinent issue. In this study, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) pods, both fresh and after 6 and 9 months of freezing at -18 °C, were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography for their content of protein as well as of essential and nonessential amino acids, while their Fourier transform infrared spectra in the mid infrared (MIR) and near infrared (NIR) ranges were concomitantly registered to assess the feasibility of this approach for the traceability of these frozen matrices. RESULTS For the NIR interval, the application of the 1st derivative to the spectral data retrieved the best results, while for lower concentrations the application of the Savitzky-Golay algorithm was indispensable to achieve quantification models for the amino acids. MIR is also suitable for this purpose, though being unable to quantify amino acids with concentrations below 0.07 mmol g-1 dry weight, irrespective of the data treatment used. CONCLUSIONS The spectroscopic approach constitutes a methodology suitable for monitoring the impact of freezing on the nutritional properties of cowpea pods, allowing accurate quantification of the protein and amino acid contents, while NIR displayed better performance. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Evaluation Study |
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Bernardo S, Dinis LT, Machado N, Barros A, Pitarch-Bielsa M, Malheiro AC, Gómez-Cadenas A, Moutinho-Pereira J. Uncovering the effects of kaolin on balancing berry phytohormones and quality attributes of Vitis vinifera grown in warm-temperate climate regions. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:782-793. [PMID: 34227127 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of kaolin particle film is considered a short-term strategy against several environmental stresses in areas with a Mediterranean-like climate. However, it is known that temperature fluctuations and water availability over the season can jeopardize kaolin efficiency in many Mediterranean crops. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the effects of kaolin foliar application on berry phytohormones, antioxidant defence, and oenological parameters at veraison and harvest stages of Touriga-Franca (TF) and Touriga-Nacional (TN) grapevines in two growing seasons (2017 and 2018). The 2017 growing season was considered the driest (-147.1 dryness index) and the warmest (2705 °C growing degree days) of the study. RESULTS In 2017, TF kaolin-treated berries showed lower salicylic acid (-26.6% compared with unsprayed vines) and abscisic acid (ABA) (-10.5%) accumulation at veraison, whereas salicylic acid increased up to 28.8% at harvest. In a less hot season, TN and TF kaolin-treated grapevines showed a twofold in ABA content and a threefold increase in the indole-3-acetic acid content at veraison and lower ABA levels (83.8%) compared with unsprayed vines at harvest. Treated berries showed a decreased sugar content, without compromising malic and tartaric acid levels, and reactive oxygen species accumulation throughout berry ripening. CONCLUSION The results suggest kaolin exerts a delaying effect in triggering ripening-related processes under severe summer stress conditions. Treated berries responded with improved antioxidant defence and phytohormone balance, showing significant interactions between kaolin treatment, variety, and developmental stage in both assessed years. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Ferreira L, Machado N, Gouvinhas I, Santos S, Celaya R, Rodrigues M, Barros A. Application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques in the mid-IR (MIR) and near-IR (NIR) spectroscopy to determine n-alkane and long-chain alcohol contents in plant species and faecal samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 280:121544. [PMID: 35753098 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
n-Alkanes and long-chain alcohols (LCOH) have been used as faecal markers to assess the feeding behaviour of both wild and domestic herbivore species. However, their chemical analysis is time-consuming and expensive, making it necessary to develop more expeditious methodologies to evaluate concentrations of these markers. This work aimed to evaluate the use of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technology in the near infrared (NIR) and mid infrared (MIR) intervals, for the determination of n-alkane and LCOH concentrations of different plant species and faecal samples of domestic herbivores. Spectra of 33 feed samples, namely L. perenne, T. repens, U. gallii, short heathers (mixture of Erica spp. and Calluna vulgaris), improved pasture grasses (mixture of L. perenne and A. capillaris), heath grasses (mixture of P. longifolium and A. curtissii), improved pasture species (mixture of L. perenne, T. repens and A. capillaris) and herbaceous species (mixture of all herbaceous species found in the plot)) and 181 faecal samples (cattle and horses) were recorded. In order to develop calibrations for the prediction of n-alkanes and LCOH concentrations, partial least squares (PLS) regression was used. Regarding the models developed for plant species, the best results were observed for the calibrations using NIR. The best external validation coefficients of determination (R2v) obtained were 0.90 and 0.79 for LCOH and n-alkanes, respectively. For faecal samples, in the NIR interval, results indicate similar external validation predictions (R2v) for both animal species (0.64). On the contrary, in the MIR interval, differences between cattle (0.70) and horses (0.57) faecal samples in R2v were observed. Regarding the models created for both animal species faeces, LCOH (C26-OH and C30-OH concentrations ranging from 713.3 to 4451.9 mg/kg DM, respectively; R2v values ranging from 0.72 to 0.95) and n-alkanes (C31 and C33 concentrations ranging from 112.8 to 643.2 mg/kg DM, respectively; R2v values ranging from 0.19 to 0.90) present in higher concentrations tended to be those with better estimates. Results obtained suggest that the selection of the technique to be used may depend on the type of matrix, being the homogeneity of the matrices one of the most important factors for its success. In order to improve the accuracy and robustness of the models created for the estimation of the concentrations of these markers using these methodologies, the database (greater variability) used for the calibrations of these models must be increased.
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Lemos AM, Machado N, Egea-Cortines M, Barros AI. ATR-MIR spectroscopy as a tool to assist 'Tempranillo' clonal selection process: Geographical origin and year of harvest discrimination and oenological parameters prediction. Food Chem 2020; 325:126938. [PMID: 32387957 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the ability of Attenuated Total Reflectance - Mid-Infrared (ATR-MIR) spectroscopy combined with Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) to discriminate the origin and harvest year of 'Tempranillo' grape clones and with Partial Least Squares (PLS) regressions to predict its contents in soluble solids (SS), pH and titratable acidity (TA). Normalized spectra of grape homogenates and normalized plus 1st Derivative spectra of grape skins allowed an overall percentage of correct classifications of 99.6% and 96.7% in validation, according to origin, and 98.3% and 90.0% in validation, according to harvest year, respectively. The normalized spectra of grape homogenates allowed a calibration and validation determination coefficients (R2) of 0.92 and 0.90 for SS, 0.90 and 0.84 for pH, 0.88 and 0.84 for TA, respectively. The ATR-MIR combined with multivariate analysis showed to be an appropriate tool to assist the clonal selection process of 'Tempranillo'.
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Machado N, Domínguez-Perles R, Ramos A, Rosa EA, Barros AI. Spectrophotometric versus NIR-MIR assessments of cowpea pods for discriminating the impact of freezing. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4285-4294. [PMID: 28182278 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Freezing represents an important storage method for vegetal foodstuffs, such as cowpea pods, and thus the impact of this process on the chemical composition of these matrices arises as a prominent issue. In this sense, the phytochemical contents in frozen cowpea pods (i.e. at 6 and 9 months) have been compared with fresh cowpea pods material, with the samples being concomitantly assessed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), both mid-infrared (MIR) and near infrared (NIR), aiming to evaluate the potential of these techniques as a rapid tool for the traceability of these matrices. RESULTS A decrease in phytochemical contents during freezing was observed, allowing the classification of samples according to the freezing period based on such variations. Also, MIR and NIR allowed discrimination of samples: the use of the first derivative demonstrated a better performance for this purpose, whereas the use of the normalized spectra gave the best correlations between the spectra and specific contents. In both cases, NIR displayed the best performance. CONCLUSION Freezing of cowpea pods leads to a decrease of phytochemical contents, which can be monitored by FTIR spectroscopy, both within the MIR and NIR ranges, whereas the use of this technique, in tandem with chemometrics, constitutes a suitable methodology for the traceability of these matrices. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Evaluation Study |
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Abstract
The paper examines the Swedish laws and proposals for legislation regulating the procurement of human organs and tissue for medical therapy and research. This legislation not only regulates and legitimizes practices that make use of the body and body parts in clinical medicine and research, but also engenders legally sanctioned definitions of individual rights. Some of these definitions and their implications for the construction of the 'social self' are examined, e.g. the categorization of human parts in the legislation or the rights of individuals in the question of organ access. A key principle applied in the analysis of these important laws is that they encode, often implicitly, socio-cultural assumptions, concepts and beliefs, and they also define and construct new conceptions and meanings of the person and her body.
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Review |
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Bernardo S, Dinis LT, Luzio A, Machado N, Vives-Peris V, López-Climent MF, Gómez-Cadenas A, Zacarías L, Rodrigo MJ, Malheiro AC, Correia C, Moutinho-Pereira J. Particle film technology modulates xanthophyll cycle and photochemical dynamics of grapevines grown in the Douro Valley. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:647-655. [PMID: 33774469 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Field-grown grapevines are often exposed to multiple environmental stresses, which challenges wine-growers to develop sustainable measures to sustain vine growth, yield, and quality. Under field conditions this task is demanding, due to differences in the magnitudes of stresses and associated plant responses. In this study we explored the hypothesis that kaolin-particle film application improves grapevine photoprotection through the regulation of xanthophyll cycle genes, limiting the thermal dissipation of excess energy under harsh environmental conditions. Hence, we selected two grapevine varieties, Touriga-Nacional (TN) and Touriga-Franca (TF), grown in the Douro Demarcated Region, and evaluated changes in light dissipation mechanisms, xanthophyll cycle components, and the expression of xanthophyll cycle genes during the 2017 summer season. The results showed that, from veraison to ripening, kaolin triggered the up-regulation of violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VvVDE1) and zeaxanthin epoxidase (VvZEP1) genes, indicating optimised regulation of the xanthophyll cycle. Kaolin treatment also decreased chlorophyll (Chla, Chlb, Chl(a+b)) and carotenoid (Car) accumulation under increasing summer stress conditions in both varieties and lowered the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of grapevines on ripening, suggesting a long-term response to summer stress. In addition, kaolin-treated grapevines showed increased Chla/Chlb and lower Chl(a+b)/Car ratios, displaying some features of high light adapted leaves. Overall, this study suggests that kaolin application enabled grapevines to benefit from fluctuating periods of summer stress by managing chlorophyll and carotenoid content and limiting down-regulation of both photochemistry and photoinhibition processes. Under Mediterranean field conditions, kaolin application can be considered an efficient method of minimising summer stress impact on grapevines.
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Carbas B, Machado N, Pathania S, Brites C, Rosa EAS, Barros AIRNA. Potential of Legumes: Nutritional Value, Bioactive Properties, Innovative Food Products, and Application of Eco-friendly Tools for Their Assessment. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1901292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Dantas C, Machado N, Ortet S, Leandro F, Burnard M, Grünloh C, Grguric A, Hörmann V, Fiorini L, Cavallo F, Rovini E, Scano R, Pocs M. The Iterative Model of Ethical Analysis for Large-Scale Implementation Of ICT Solutions. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE AT UNISA 2021; 23:1-9. [PMID: 34447702 PMCID: PMC8370527 DOI: 10.37825/2239-9747.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript presents a model and the methodology to understand and define the ethical management of the large-scale implementation of ICT solutions for Active and Healthy Ageing. Based on project expertise, including experience from the Pharaon project Horizon 2020, this model includes an understanding of the main ethical challenges and the development of the necessary guidelines, measures, and tools for different stakeholder profiles. This model extends beyond conventional ethical guidelines, providing a methodology to actively discuss ethical and societal challenges within a project based on interactive and iterative dialogue between the entire value-chain of stakeholders. One of the cornerstones in the analysis of challenges is focused attention on policy and societal issues that emerge during a project. Accordingly, the model includes targeted reflections and tools delivered in the context of the recent Covid-19 pandemic. The tools developed in this process are organised in a guide that can be actively used throughout large-scale implementation projects related to ICT solutions.
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Machado N, Grant CS. Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding due to carcinoid tumours of the small bowel: problems in diagnosis and localisation. JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OF EDINBURGH 2001; 46:180-2. [PMID: 11478019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding are often difficult to manage and frequently undergo extensive investigations. The diagnosis is particularly difficult when the bleeding arises from small lesions in the small bowel that is not easily accessible for direct visualisation. We report two patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding from carcinoid tumours of the small bowel, highlighting the problems in diagnosis and localisation.
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Jové S, Wehba J, Machado N, Fagundes Neto U. [Tolerance tests in the diagnosis of mono- and disaccharides malabsorption in children]. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 1981; 18:81-4. [PMID: 7332504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The carbohydrate tolerance test is a very common method employed in the diagnosis of carbohydrate malabsorption, despite the possibility of some pitfalls in its interpretation. There are some factors, namely, the omission of the 15 minute blood sample, slow gastric emptying, malnutrition and venous blood sampling, that can condition the characterization of false positive intolerance. We studied 177 curves performed in 110 children during a 4 year period, and we observed that: a) the highest peak level occurred at 15 minutes in 57,3% of the tolerance tests; b) if the 15 minutes sample was not obtained it resulted in 28% of false positive intolerance; c) regarding the nutritional status malnourished children had more frequently a delayed peak level, been 17% at 15 minutes and 67% at 30 minutes. Misinterpretation of the carbohydrate tolerance test can be minimized taking into account these known factors that induced the diagnosis of false positive intolerance.
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Lawson NC, Greene Z, Machado N, Tadros D, Robles A, Rocha M. Resin Composite Depth of Cure Through Transparent Matrix Materials Used for Injection Molding. Oper Dent 2025; 50:185-193. [PMID: 39905809 DOI: 10.2341/24-100-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare the curing light transmittance and depth of cure (DOC) of resin composite through clear polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impression materials and 3D printed clear matrix materials at various thicknesses. METHODS AND MATERIALS Cylindrical specimens (n=6) of three clear PVS materials (Affinity Crystal, Clear Bite Matrix, Exaclear) were fabricated in Teflon molds, and two 3D-printed clear matrix materials (Filtek matrix, IDB 2) were printed into specimens of five different thicknesses (2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm). To measure light irradiance transmittance, specimens were placed on a radiometer (CheckUp), allowing the transmitted irradiance from a light-curing unit (Elipar DeepCure-S, 1450 mW/cm²) to be recorded. DOC of resin composite specimens was measured by placing flowable composite (PVS and IDB 2) or heated conventional composite (Filtek Matrix) into a split metal die with a 4 mm diameter opening. The composite was cured through the different matrix specimens using the Elipar DeepCure-S curing light for the manufacturer's recommended curing time (10 seconds) or double the curing time (20 seconds). The DOC of the composite specimens was measured according to ISO 4049 7.8, and the percentage of total cure (%TC) was calculated by dividing by the total cure (DOC with no matrix and 10-second cure). The correlation between irradiance transmittance and %TC was analyzed with Pearson's coefficient. For each matrix material, the %TC was compared to the total cure of the material using a Dunnett's test. The compressive modulus of each material was measured and compared with a one-way ANOVA. RESULTS There was a statistically significant, strong positive correlation between irradiance transmittance and %TC for 10 seconds (r=0.90 p<0.001) and 20 seconds (r=0.89 p<0.001). There was not a statistically different DOC for the total cure with Affinity (2 mm), Clear Bite (2 mm), Exaclear (2, 4, 6 mm), IDB2 (2, 4, 6, 8 mm), and Filtek Matrix (2,4 mm) if a 20-second cure was used. CONCLUSIONS Decreased light irradiance from curing through clear matrix materials decreases the DOC of resin composites. Doubling the curing time when curing through some matrix materials at certain thicknesses allowed a total cure.
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