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Shu R, Evtimov VJ, Hammett MV, Nguyen NYN, Zhuang J, Hudson PJ, Howard MC, Pupovac A, Trounson AO, Boyd RL. Engineered CAR-T cells targeting TAG-72 and CD47 in ovarian cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 20:325-341. [PMID: 33614914 PMCID: PMC7868933 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have revolutionized blood cancer immunotherapy; however, their efficacy against solid tumors has been limited. A common mechanism of tumor escape from single target therapies is downregulation or mutational loss of the nominal epitope. Targeting multiple antigens may thus improve the effectiveness of CAR immunotherapies. We generated dual CAR-T cells targeting two tumor antigens: TAG-72 (tumor-associated glycoprotein 72) and CD47. TAG-72 is a pan-adenocarcinoma oncofetal antigen, highly expressed in ovarian cancers, with increased expression linked to disease progression. CD47 is ubiquitously overexpressed in multiple tumor types, including ovarian cancer; it is a macrophage “don’t eat me” signal. However, CD47 is also expressed on many normal cells. To avoid this component of the dual CAR-T cells killing healthy tissue, we designed a truncated CD47 CAR devoid of intracellular signaling domains. The CD47 CAR facilitates binding to CD47+ cells, increasing the prospect of TAG-72+ cell elimination via the TAG-72 CAR. Furthermore, we could reduce the damage to normal tissue by monomerizing the CD47 CAR. Our results indicate that the co-expression of the TAG-72 CAR and the CD47-truncated monomer CAR on T cells could be an effective, dual CAR-T cell strategy for ovarian cancer, also applicable to other adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhe Shu
- Cartherics Pty, Ltd., Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Junli Zhuang
- Cartherics Pty, Ltd., Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Peter J Hudson
- Cartherics Pty, Ltd., Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Avipep Pty, Ltd., Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | | | | | - Alan O Trounson
- Cartherics Pty, Ltd., Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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McManus JF, Nguyen NYN, Davey RA, MacLean HE, Pomilio G, McCormack MP, Chiu WS, Wei AH, Zajac JD, Curtis DJ. Androgens stimulate erythropoiesis through the DNA-binding activity of the androgen receptor in non-hematopoietic cells. Eur J Haematol 2020; 105:247-254. [PMID: 32311143 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgens function through DNA and non-DNA binding-dependent signalling of the androgen receptor (AR). How androgens promote erythropoiesis is not fully understood. DESIGN AND METHODS To identify the androgen signalling pathway, we treated male mice lacking the second zinc finger of the DNA-binding domain of the AR (ARΔZF2 ) with non-aromatizable 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) or aromatizable testosterone. To distinguish direct hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic mechanisms, we performed bone marrow reconstitution experiments. RESULTS In wild-type mice, 5α-DHT had greater erythroid activity than testosterone, which can be aromatized to estradiol. The erythroid response in wild-type mice following 5α-DHT treatment was associated with increased serum erythropoietin (EPO) and its downstream target erythroferrone, and hepcidin suppression. 5α-DHT had no erythroid activity in ARΔZF2 mice, proving the importance of DNA binding by the AR. Paradoxically, testosterone, but not 5α-DHT, suppressed EPO levels in ARΔZF2 mice, suggesting testosterone following aromatization may oppose the erythroid-stimulating effects of androgens. Female wild-type mice reconstituted with ARΔZF2 bone marrow cells remained responsive to 5α-DHT. In contrast, ARΔZF2 mice reconstituted with female wild-type bone marrow cells showed no response to 5α-DHT. CONCLUSION Erythroid promoting effects of androgens are mediated through DNA binding-dependent actions of the AR in non-hematopoietic cells, including stimulating EPO expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie F McManus
- Central Clinical School, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Human Molecular Pathology, Alfred Pathology Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Nhu-Y N Nguyen
- Cartherics Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Rachel A Davey
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Helen E MacLean
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Giovanna Pomilio
- Central Clinical School, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Matthew P McCormack
- Central Clinical School, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Wan Sze Chiu
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Andrew H Wei
- Central Clinical School, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Jeffrey D Zajac
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - David J Curtis
- Central Clinical School, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Lalaoui N, Hänggi K, Brumatti G, Chau D, Nguyen NYN, Vasilikos L, Spilgies LM, Heckmann DA, Ma C, Ghisi M, Salmon JM, Matthews GM, de Valle E, Moujalled DM, Menon MB, Spall SK, Glaser SP, Richmond J, Lock RB, Condon SM, Gugasyan R, Gaestel M, Guthridge M, Johnstone RW, Munoz L, Wei A, Ekert PG, Vaux DL, Wong WWL, Silke J. Targeting p38 or MK2 Enhances the Anti-Leukemic Activity of Smac-Mimetics. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:145-58. [PMID: 26859455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Birinapant is a smac-mimetic (SM) in clinical trials for treating cancer. SM antagonize inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins and simultaneously induce tumor necrosis factor (TNF) secretion to render cancers sensitive to TNF-induced killing. To enhance SM efficacy, we screened kinase inhibitors for their ability to increase TNF production of SM-treated cells. We showed that p38 inhibitors increased TNF induced by SM. Unexpectedly, even though p38 is required for Toll-like receptors to induce TNF, loss of p38 or its downstream kinase MK2 increased induction of TNF by SM. Hence, we show that the p38/MK2 axis can inhibit or promote TNF production, depending on the stimulus. Importantly, clinical p38 inhibitors overcame resistance of primary acute myeloid leukemia to birinapant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najoua Lalaoui
- Cell Signaling & Cell Death and Cancer & Hematology Divisions, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Kay Hänggi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Brumatti
- Cell Signaling & Cell Death and Cancer & Hematology Divisions, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Diep Chau
- Cell Signaling & Cell Death and Cancer & Hematology Divisions, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Nhu-Y N Nguyen
- Department of Clinical Hematology, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Lazaros Vasilikos
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Lisanne M Spilgies
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Denise A Heckmann
- Cell Signaling & Cell Death and Cancer & Hematology Divisions, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Chunyan Ma
- Cell Signaling & Cell Death and Cancer & Hematology Divisions, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Margherita Ghisi
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Jessica M Salmon
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Geoffrey M Matthews
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Elisha de Valle
- Immunomonitoring Facility and Centre for Biomedical Research, The Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3181, Australia
| | - Donia M Moujalled
- Department of Clinical Hematology, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Manoj B Menon
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Street 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sukhdeep Kaur Spall
- Cell Signaling & Cell Death and Cancer & Hematology Divisions, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Stefan P Glaser
- Cell Signaling & Cell Death and Cancer & Hematology Divisions, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Jennifer Richmond
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Stephen M Condon
- TetraLogic Pharmaceuticals Corporation, 343 Phoenixville Pike, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Raffi Gugasyan
- Immunomonitoring Facility and Centre for Biomedical Research, The Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3181, Australia
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Street 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Guthridge
- Department of Clinical Hematology, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ricky W Johnstone
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Lenka Munoz
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew Wei
- Department of Clinical Hematology, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Paul G Ekert
- Cell Signaling & Cell Death and Cancer & Hematology Divisions, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - David L Vaux
- Cell Signaling & Cell Death and Cancer & Hematology Divisions, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - W Wei-Lynn Wong
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - John Silke
- Cell Signaling & Cell Death and Cancer & Hematology Divisions, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.
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