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van der Jagt R, Vasileiadis A, Veldhuizen H, Shao P, Feng X, Ganapathy S, Habisreutinger NC, van der Veen MA, Wang C, Wagemaker M, van der Zwaag S, Nagai A. Synthesis and Structure-Property Relationships of Polyimide Covalent Organic Frameworks for Carbon Dioxide Capture and (Aqueous) Sodium-Ion Batteries. Chem Mater 2021; 33:818-833. [PMID: 33603278 PMCID: PMC7879495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c03218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging material family having several potential applications. Their porous framework and redox-active centers enable gas/ion adsorption, allowing them to function as safe, cheap, and tunable electrode materials in next-generation batteries, as well as CO2 adsorption materials for carbon-capture applications. Herein, we develop four polyimide COFs by combining aromatic triamines with aromatic dianhydrides and provide detailed structural and electrochemical characterization. Through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and powder X-ray diffraction, we achieve a detailed structural characterization, where DFT calculations reveal that the imide bonds prefer to form at an angle with one another, breaking the 2D symmetry, which shrinks the pore width and elongates the pore walls. The eclipsed perpendicular stacking is preferable, while sliding of the COF sheets is energetically accessible in a relatively flat energy landscape with a few metastable regions. We investigate the potential use of these COFs in CO2 adsorption and electrochemical applications. The adsorption and electrochemical properties are related to the structural and chemical characteristics of each COF, giving new insights for advanced material designs. For CO2 adsorption specifically, the two best performing COFs originated from the same triamine building block, which-in combination with force-field calculations-revealed unexpected structure-property relationships. Specific geometries provide a useful framework for Na-ion intercalation with retainable capacities and stable cycle life at a relatively high working potential (>1.5 V vs Na/Na+). Although this capacity is low compared to conventional inorganic Li-ion materials, we show as a proof of principle that these COFs are especially promising for sustainable, safe, and stable Na-aqueous batteries due to the combination of their working potentials and their insoluble nature in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco van der Jagt
- Storage
of Electrochemical Energy, Technische Universiteit
Delft, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandros Vasileiadis
- Storage
of Electrochemical Energy, Technische Universiteit
Delft, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Veldhuizen
- Novel
Aerospace Materials, Technische Universiteit
Delft, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 GB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pengpeng Shao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Swapna Ganapathy
- Storage
of Electrochemical Energy, Technische Universiteit
Delft, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas C. Habisreutinger
- Novel
Aerospace Materials, Technische Universiteit
Delft, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 GB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Monique A. van der Veen
- Catalysis
Engineering, Technische Universiteit Delft, Van der Maasweg 9 1, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Chao Wang
- Storage
of Electrochemical Energy, Technische Universiteit
Delft, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marnix Wagemaker
- Storage
of Electrochemical Energy, Technische Universiteit
Delft, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sybrand van der Zwaag
- Novel
Aerospace Materials, Technische Universiteit
Delft, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 GB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Atsushi Nagai
- Novel
Aerospace Materials, Technische Universiteit
Delft, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 GB Delft, The Netherlands
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