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Peppe DJ, Cote SM, Deino AL, Fox DL, Kingston JD, Kinyanjui RN, Lukens WE, MacLatchy LM, Novello A, Strömberg CAE, Driese SG, Garrett ND, Hillis KR, Jacobs BF, Jenkins KEH, Kityo RM, Lehmann T, Manthi FK, Mbua EN, Michel LA, Miller ER, Mugume AAT, Muteti SN, Nengo IO, Oginga KO, Phelps SR, Polissar P, Rossie JB, Stevens NJ, Uno KT, McNulty KP. Oldest evidence of abundant C 4 grasses and habitat heterogeneity in eastern Africa. Science 2023; 380:173-177. [PMID: 37053309 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq2834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of Africa's iconic C4 grassland ecosystems is central to evolutionary interpretations of many mammal lineages, including hominins. C4 grasses are thought to have become ecologically dominant in Africa only after 10 million years ago (Ma). However, paleobotanical records older than 10 Ma are sparse, limiting assessment of the timing and nature of C4 biomass expansion. This study uses a multiproxy design to document vegetation structure from nine Early Miocene mammal site complexes across eastern Africa. Results demonstrate that between ~21 and 16 Ma, C4 grasses were locally abundant, contributing to heterogeneous habitats ranging from forests to wooded grasslands. These data push back the oldest evidence of C4 grass-dominated habitats in Africa-and globally-by more than 10 million years, calling for revised paleoecological interpretations of mammalian evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Peppe
- Department of Geosciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Susanne M Cote
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Alan L Deino
- Berkeley Geochronology Center, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
| | - David L Fox
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - John D Kingston
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rahab N Kinyanjui
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - William E Lukens
- Department of Geology & Environmental Science, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Laura M MacLatchy
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alice Novello
- CEREGE, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, INRAE, 13545 Aix en Provence, France
- Department of Biology, Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Caroline A E Strömberg
- Department of Biology, Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Steven G Driese
- Department of Geosciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Nicole D Garrett
- Department of Anthropology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kayla R Hillis
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA
| | - Bonnie F Jacobs
- Roy M. Huffington Department of Earth Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA
| | - Kirsten E H Jenkins
- Department of Social Sciences, Tacoma Community College, Tacoma, WA 98466, USA
| | - Robert M Kityo
- Department of Zoology Entomology and Fisheries Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Thomas Lehmann
- Department Messel Research and Mammalogy, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Fredrick K Manthi
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Emma N Mbua
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Lauren A Michel
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA
| | - Ellen R Miller
- Department of Anthropology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Amon A T Mugume
- Department of Zoology Entomology and Fisheries Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Uganda National Museum, Department of Museums and Monuments, Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Samuel N Muteti
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Department of Anthropology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Isaiah O Nengo
- Turkana Basin Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Kennedy O Oginga
- Department of Geosciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Samuel R Phelps
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Pratigya Polissar
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - James B Rossie
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Nancy J Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, and Ohio Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Kevin T Uno
- Division of Biology and Paleo Environment, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - Kieran P McNulty
- Department of Anthropology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Preussler JM, Meyer CL, Sees Coles JA, Yoo D, Mau LW, Garrett ND, Auletta JJ. Enhancing Administrative Claims Data: Feasibility, Validation and Application of Linking Medicare Claims Data and National Marrow Donor Program Search Data. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2022; 6:e2200069. [PMID: 36228178 PMCID: PMC9848571 DOI: 10.1200/cci.22.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Administrative claims data provide real-world service utilization of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment, but lacks insight into treatment delays or barriers. The National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP)/Be The Match Search (Search) data contains information on donor search, but lacks information on treatment received if allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is not performed. We hypothesized that linking these two data sets would create a rich resource to define factors associated with receiving HCT that could not be evaluated with either data set alone. METHODS A subset of 2010-2016 Medicare administrative claims data was linked with Search data. A total of 5,351 patients with AML age 65-74 years (HCT = 607, no HCT = 4,744) were identified using Medicare. These patients were then linked to 93,800 records with a donor search between 2009 and 2016. Patient date of birth, sex, disease, ZIP code, transplant center/hospital, and diagnosis date were used for matching. Exploratory analysis was conducted to identify predictors associated with receiving HCT for patients with AML who received a search. RESULTS The data sets were successfully linked, showing high sensitivity and specificity. The final cohort included 5,085 patients with AML (HCT = 533, no HCT = 4,552). Of 97 patients who received HCT without a matched search, more than 85% received a related donor HCT. Of those not receiving HCT, 609 had a matched NMDP search and 3,943 did not have a matched NMDP search. Multivariate analysis showed time to search, age, diagnosis year, race/ethnicity, and neighborhood education status associated with receiving HCT. CONCLUSION Methods herein demonstrate the feasibility of linking Search and Medicare data. Similar methods may be applied to answer critical questions regarding barriers to HCT, thereby identifying areas to improve access to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime M. Preussler
- National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Christa L. Meyer
- National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jennifer A. Sees Coles
- National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Dana Yoo
- National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Lih-Wen Mau
- National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Jeffery J. Auletta
- National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN
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