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Meindl M, Bläske A, Steiger K, Lindner S, Lindheimer F, Lauber K, Brix N, von Ungern-Sternberg B, Oos R, Palumbo G, Böning G, Schüle S, Majewski M, Port M, Ziegler S, Bartenstein P. Proliferation and apoptosis after whole-body irradiation: longitudinal PET study in a mouse model. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:395-404. [PMID: 37796306 PMCID: PMC10774227 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A reliable method for regional in vivo imaging of radiation-induced cellular damage would be of great importance for the detection of therapy-induced injury to healthy tissue and the choice of adequate treatment of radiation emergency patients in both civilian and military events. This study aimed to investigate in a mouse model if positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with proliferation and apoptosis markers is potentially suitable for this purpose. METHODS Four groups, including twenty mice (wild-type C57BL/6) each, were whole-body irradiated with 0 Gy, 0.5 Gy, 1 Gy, and 3 Gy and examined by PET over a six-month period at defined time points. 3'-[18F]fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine ([18F]FLT) and 2-(5-[18F]fluoropentyl)-2-methyl malonic acid ([18F]ML-10) were used to visualise proliferation and apoptosis. Regional standard uptake values were compared with respect to irradiation dose over time. Histologic data and peripheral blood cell values were correlated with the PET results. RESULTS The hematopoietic bone marrow showed a significantly increased [18F]FLT signal at early time points after radiation exposure (day 3 and day 7). This correlated with blood parameters, especially leukocytes, and histological data. A significantly increased [18F]FLT signal also occurred in the gastrointestinal tract and thymus at early time points. An increased [18F]ML-10 signal related to irradiation doses was observed in the bone marrow on day 8, but there was a high variability of standard uptake values and no correlation with histological data. CONCLUSION [18F]FLT showed potential to visualise the extent, regional distribution and recovery from radiation-induced cellular damage in the bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract and thymus. The potential of [18F]FLT imaging to assess the extent of bone marrow affected by irradiation might be especially useful to predict the subsequent severity of hematopoietic impairment and to adapt the therapy of the bone marrow reserve. [18F]ML-10 PET proved to be not sensitive enough for the reliable detection of radiation induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Meindl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Bläske
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Comparative Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Lindheimer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikko Brix
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Rosel Oos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Giovanna Palumbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Böning
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Schüle
- Department of Radiology, Bundeswehr Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Schnöller LE, Piehlmaier D, Weber P, Brix N, Fleischmann DF, Nieto AE, Selmansberger M, Heider T, Hess J, Niyazi M, Belka C, Lauber K, Unger K, Orth M. Systematic in vitro analysis of therapy resistance in glioblastoma cell lines by integration of clonogenic survival data with multi-level molecular data. Radiat Oncol 2023; 18:51. [PMID: 36906590 PMCID: PMC10007763 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-023-02241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive basic scientific, translational, and clinical efforts in the last decades, glioblastoma remains a devastating disease with a highly dismal prognosis. Apart from the implementation of temozolomide into the clinical routine, novel treatment approaches have largely failed, emphasizing the need for systematic examination of glioblastoma therapy resistance in order to identify major drivers and thus, potential vulnerabilities for therapeutic intervention. Recently, we provided proof-of-concept for the systematic identification of combined modality radiochemotherapy treatment vulnerabilities via integration of clonogenic survival data upon radio(chemo)therapy with low-density transcriptomic profiling data in a panel of established human glioblastoma cell lines. Here, we expand this approach to multiple molecular levels, including genomic copy number, spectral karyotyping, DNA methylation, and transcriptome data. Correlation of transcriptome data with inherent therapy resistance on the single gene level yielded several candidates that were so far underappreciated in this context and for which clinically approved drugs are readily available, such as the androgen receptor (AR). Gene set enrichment analyses confirmed these results, and identified additional gene sets, including reactive oxygen species detoxification, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (MTORC1) signaling, and ferroptosis/autophagy-related regulatory circuits to be associated with inherent therapy resistance in glioblastoma cells. To identify pharmacologically accessible genes within those gene sets, leading edge analyses were performed yielding candidates with functions in thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin metabolism, glutathione synthesis, chaperoning of proteins, prolyl hydroxylation, proteasome function, and DNA synthesis/repair. Our study thus confirms previously nominated targets for mechanism-based multi-modal glioblastoma therapy, provides proof-of-concept for this workflow of multi-level data integration, and identifies novel candidates for which pharmacological inhibitors are readily available and whose targeting in combination with radio(chemo)therapy deserves further examination. In addition, our study also reveals that the presented workflow requires mRNA expression data, rather than genomic copy number or DNA methylation data, since no stringent correlation between these data levels could be observed. Finally, the data sets generated in the present study, including functional and multi-level molecular data of commonly used glioblastoma cell lines, represent a valuable toolbox for other researchers in the field of glioblastoma therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Emanuel Schnöller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Piehlmaier
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics (ZYTO), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Weber
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics (ZYTO), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nikko Brix
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Felix Fleischmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Edward Nieto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Selmansberger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics (ZYTO), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Theresa Heider
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics (ZYTO), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Hess
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics (ZYTO), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Niyazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BKFZ), Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BKFZ), Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics (ZYTO), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany. .,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Orth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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Schnöller LE, Albrecht V, Brix N, Nieto AE, Fleischmann DF, Niyazi M, Hess J, Belka C, Unger K, Lauber K, Orth M. Integrative analysis of therapy resistance and transcriptomic profiling data in glioblastoma cells identifies sensitization vulnerabilities for combined modality radiochemotherapy. Radiat Oncol 2022; 17:79. [PMID: 35440003 PMCID: PMC9020080 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-022-02052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inherent resistance to radio/chemotherapy is one of the major reasons for early recurrence, treatment failure, and dismal prognosis of glioblastoma. Thus, the identification of resistance driving regulators as prognostic and/or predictive markers as well as potential vulnerabilities for combined modality treatment approaches is of pivotal importance. Methods We performed an integrative analysis of treatment resistance and DNA damage response regulator expression in a panel of human glioblastoma cell lines. mRNA expression levels of 38 DNA damage response regulators were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Inherent resistance to radiotherapy (single-shot and fractionated mode) and/or temozolomide treatment was assessed by clonogenic survival assays. Resistance scores were extracted by dimensionality reduction and subjected to correlation analyses with the mRNA expression data. Top-hit candidates with positive correlation coefficients were validated by pharmacological inhibition in clonogenic survival assays and DNA repair analyses via residual γH2AX/53BP1-foci staining. Results Inherent resistance to single-shot and similarly also to fractionated radiotherapy showed strong positive correlations with mRNA expression levels of known vulnerabilities of GBM, including PARP1, NBN, and BLM, as well as ATR and LIG4—two so far underestimated targets. Inhibition of ATR by AZD-6738 resulted in robust and dose-dependent radiosensitization of glioblastoma cells, whereas LIG4 inhibition by L189 had no noticeable impact. Resistance against temozolomide showed strong positive correlation with mRNA expression levels of MGMT as to be expected. Interestingly, it also correlated with mRNA expression levels of ATM, suggesting a potential role of ATM in the context of temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma cells. ATM inhibition exhibited slight sensitization effects towards temozolomide treatment in MGMT low expressing glioblastoma cells, thus encouraging further characterization. Conclusions Here, we describe a systematic approach integrating clonogenic survival data with mRNA expression data of DNA damage response regulators in human glioblastoma cell lines to identify markers of inherent therapy resistance and potential vulnerabilities for targeted sensitization. Our results provide proof-of-concept for the feasibility of this approach, including its limitations. We consider this strategy to be adaptable to other cancer entities as well as other molecular data qualities, and its upscaling potential in terms of model systems and observational data levels deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Emanuel Schnöller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Valerie Albrecht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikko Brix
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Edward Nieto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Felix Fleischmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Niyazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Hess
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Orth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
The clonogenic assay measures the capacity of single cells to form colonies in vitro. It is widely used to identify and quantify self-renewing mammalian cells derived from in vitro cultures as well as from ex vivo tissue preparations of different origins. Varying research questions and the heterogeneous growth requirements of individual cell model systems led to the development of several assay principles and formats that differ with regard to their conceptual setup, 2D or 3D culture conditions, optional cytotoxic treatments and subsequent mathematical analysis. The protocol presented here is based on the initial clonogenic assay protocol as developed by Puck and Marcus more than 60 years ago. It updates and extends the 2006 Nature Protocols article by Franken et al. It discusses different strategies and principles to analyze clonogenic growth in vitro and presents the clonogenic assay in a modular protocol framework enabling a diversity of formats and measures to optimize determination of clonogenic growth parameters. We put particular focus on the phenomenon of cellular cooperation and consideration of how this can affect the mathematical analysis of survival data. This protocol is applicable to any mammalian cell model system from which single-cell suspensions can be prepared and which contains at least a small fraction of cells with self-renewing capacity in vitro. Depending on the cell system used, the entire procedure takes ~2-10 weeks, with a total hands-on time of <20 h per biological replicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikko Brix
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Samaga
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany.,Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany. .,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site, Munich, Germany.
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Stauffer E, Weber P, Heider T, Dalke C, Blutke A, Walch A, Burgstaller G, Brix N, Lauber K, Zitzelsberger H, Unger K, Selmansberger M. Transcriptomic landscape of radiation-induced murine thyroid proliferative lesions. Endocr Relat Cancer 2021; 28:213-224. [PMID: 33608487 DOI: 10.1530/erc-21-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma incidence rates in western societies are among the fastest rising, compared to all malignant tumors over the past two decades. While risk factors such as age and exposure to ionizing radiation are known, early-state carcinogenic processes or pre-lesions are poorly understood or unknown. This study aims at the identification and characterization of early-state radiation-associated neoplastic processes by histologic and transcriptomic analyses of thyroid tissues derived from a mouse model. Comprehensive histological examination of 246 thyroids (164 exposed, 82 non-exposed) was carried out. Proliferative and normal tissues from exposed cases and normal tissue from non-exposed cases were collected by laser-capture microdissection, followed by RNAseq transcriptomic profiling using a low input 3'-library preparation protocol, differential gene expression analysis and functional association by gene set enrichment analysis. Nine exposed samples exhibited proliferative lesions, while none of the non-exposed samples showed histological abnormalities, indicating an association of ionizing radiation exposure with histological abnormalities. Activated immune response signaling and deregulated metabolic processes were observed in irradiated tissue with normal histology compared to normal tissue from non-exposed samples. Proliferative lesions compared to corresponding normal tissues showed enrichment for mainly proliferation-associated gene sets. Consistently, proliferative lesion samples from exposed mice showed elevated proliferation-associated signaling and deregulated metabolic processes compared to normal samples from non-exposed mice. Our findings suggest that a molecular deregulation may be detectable in histologically normal thyroid tissues and in early proliferative lesions in the frame of multi-step progression from irradiated normal tissue to tumorous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stauffer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Weber
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Theresa Heider
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Dalke
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Blutke
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gerald Burgstaller
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD) and Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Nikko Brix
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer', Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Neuherberg, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer', Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer', Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Selmansberger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Neuherberg, Germany
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Brix N, Samaga D, Hennel R, Gehr K, Zitzelsberger H, Lauber K. The clonogenic assay: robustness of plating efficiency-based analysis is strongly compromised by cellular cooperation. Radiat Oncol 2020; 15:248. [PMID: 33121517 PMCID: PMC7597001 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-020-01697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clonogenic assay is a versatile and frequently used tool to quantify reproductive cell survival in vitro. Current state-of-the-art analysis relies on plating efficiency-based calculations which assume a linear correlation between the number of cells seeded and the number of colonies counted. The present study was designed to test the validity of this assumption and to evaluate the robustness of clonogenic survival results obtained. METHODS A panel of 50 established cancer cell lines was used for comprehensive evaluation of the clonogenic assay procedure and data analysis. We assessed the performance of plating efficiency-based calculations and examined the influence of critical experimental parameters, such as cell density seeded, assay volume, incubation time, as well as the cell line-intrinsic factor of cellular cooperation by auto-/paracrine stimulation. Our findings were integrated into a novel mathematical approach for the analysis of clonogenic survival data. RESULTS For various cell lines, clonogenic growth behavior failed to be adequately described by a constant plating efficiency, since the density of cells seeded severely influenced the extent and the dynamics of clonogenic growth. This strongly impaired the robustness of survival calculations obtained by the current state-of-the-art method using plating efficiency-based normalization. A novel mathematical approach utilizing power regression and interpolation of matched colony numbers at different irradiation doses applied to the same dataset substantially reduced the impact of cell density on survival results. Cellular cooperation was observed to be responsible for the non-linear clonogenic growth behavior of a relevant number of cell lines and the impairment of survival calculations. With 28/50 cell lines of different tumor entities showing moderate to high degrees of cellular cooperation, this phenomenon was found to be unexpectedly common. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that plating efficiency-based analysis of clonogenic survival data is profoundly compromised by cellular cooperation resulting in strongly underestimated assay-intrinsic errors in a relevant proportion of established cancer cell lines. This severely questions the use of plating efficiency-based calculations in studies aiming to achieve more than semiquantitative results. The novel approach presented here accounts for the phenomenon of cellular cooperation and allows the extraction of clonogenic survival results with clearly improved robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikko Brix
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Samaga
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Roman Hennel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Gehr
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.
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7
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Ernst A, Hennel R, Krombach J, Kapfhammer H, Brix N, Zuchtriegel G, Uhl B, Reichel CA, Frey B, Gaipl US, Winssinger N, Shirasawa S, Sasazuki T, Sperandio M, Belka C, Lauber K. Priming of Anti-tumor Immune Mechanisms by Radiotherapy Is Augmented by Inhibition of Heat Shock Protein 90. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1668. [PMID: 32984042 PMCID: PMC7481363 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an essential part of multi-modal cancer therapy. Nevertheless, for certain cancer entities such as colorectal cancer (CRC) the indications of radiotherapy are limited due to anatomical peculiarities and high radiosensitivity of the surrounding normal tissue. The development of molecularly targeted, combined modality approaches may help to overcome these limitations. Preferably, such strategies should not only enhance radiation-induced tumor cell killing and the abrogation of tumor cell clonogenicity, but should also support the stimulation of anti-tumor immune mechanisms – a phenomenon which moved into the center of interest of preclinical and clinical research in radiation oncology within the last decade. The present study focuses on inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) whose combination with radiotherapy has previously been reported to exhibit convincing therapeutic synergism in different preclinical cancer models. By employing in vitro and in vivo analyses, we examined if this therapeutic synergism also applies to the priming of anti-tumor immune mechanisms in model systems of CRC. Our results indicate that the combination of HSP90 inhibitor treatment and ionizing irradiation induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells with accelerated transit into secondary necrosis in a hyperactive Kras-dependent manner. During secondary necrosis, dying cancer cells released different classes of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that stimulated migration and recruitment of monocytic cells in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, these dying cancer cell-derived DAMPs enforced the differentiation of a monocyte-derived antigen presenting cell (APC) phenotype which potently triggered the priming of allogeneic T cell responses in vitro. In summary, HSP90 inhibition – apart from its radiosensitizing potential – obviously enables and supports the initial steps of anti-tumor immune priming upon radiotherapy and thus represents a promising partner for combined modality approaches. The therapeutic performance of such strategies requires further in-depth analyses, especially for but not only limited to CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ernst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Hennel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Krombach
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heidi Kapfhammer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikko Brix
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Zuchtriegel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Uhl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph A Reichel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Senji Shirasawa
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Heidelberg, Germany
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Sørensen S, Brix N, Ernst A, Lauridsen LLB, Ramlau-Hansen CH. Maternal age at menarche and pubertal development in sons and daughters: a Nationwide Cohort Study. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:2043-2050. [PMID: 30312405 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is maternal age at menarche associated with pubertal development in sons and daughters? SUMMARY ANSWER Maternal age at menarche was associated with pubertal development in both sons and daughters. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Studies have shown that age at menarche is greatly inherited from mother to daughter, but it remains largely unknown to what extent age at menarche in mothers is associated with timing of puberty in sons. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION In this population-based study we used data from the Puberty Cohort nested within the Danish National Birth Cohort. Live-born singletons aged 11 were followed from 2012 to 2016. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS In total, 15 822 children (7697 sons and 8125 daughters) gave half-yearly information on puberty from the age of 11 years until full sexual maturity or 18 years of age through self-administrated questionnaires (participation rate 71%). Information on maternal age at menarche was reported by the mothers during pregnancy. Maternal age at menarche was used both as a continuous and as a categorical variable (earlier, same time or later than peers). A multivariable regression model for interval-censored data was used. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Maternal age at menarche was positively associated with timing of genital development, pubic hair development, first ejaculation of semen, voice break, axillary hair development and acne in sons, and with timing of breast development, pubic hair development, menarche, axillary hair development and acne in daughters. In sons, the associations were of similar strength for all pubertal markers, whereas in daughters, the associations were strongest for breast development and menarche. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Age at menarche was recalled during pregnancy. However, studies indicate that age at menarche is recalled moderately in adulthood. Information on puberty was self-reported, but inaccuracy of data would probably cause non-differential misclassification. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Early maternal age at menarche was associated with earlier pubertal development, and late maternal age at menarche was associated with later pubertal development in both sons and daughters. The largest effect-estimates were for the associations between maternal age at menarche and the daughters' age at menarche and age at breast development. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study was funded by the Danish Council for Independent Research (4183-00152). There are no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTERATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sørensen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - N Brix
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - A Ernst
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - L L B Lauridsen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C H Ramlau-Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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9
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Ernst A, Lauridsen LLB, Brix N, Arah OA, Olsen J, Olsen LH, Ramlau-Hansen CH. Parental time to pregnancy, medically assisted reproduction and pubertal development in boys and girls. Hum Reprod 2019; 34:724-732. [PMID: 30753468 PMCID: PMC6443115 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does parental fertility, measured by time to pregnancy (TTP), or use of medically assisted reproduction (MAR) affect pubertal development in the offspring? SUMMARY ANSWER Neither TTP nor type of MAR treatment had clinically relevant implications for mean age at achieving individual pubertal milestones or overall timing of puberty in boys and girls. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Parental TTP and MAR have been associated with impaired semen quality in adult sons. Timing of puberty reflects earlier signals of reproductive health, but it remains unclear whether parental fertility or MAR affects pubertal development, especially in the growing generation of children conceived by IVF or ICSI. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION In this study, 15 819 children born by mothers in the Danish National Birth Cohort from 2000 to 2003 participated in a nationwide puberty cohort (participation rate = 70%). Parental TTP and use of MAR were reported by mothers in early pregnancy and children’s pubertal development data was self-recorded in web-based questionnaires from 11 years of age and 6 monthly throughout puberty (2012–2018). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Pubertal development in children (of planned pregnancies, n = 13 285) born by untreated subfecund (TTP: 6–12 months) (n =2038), untreated severely subfeund (TTP: >12 months) (n = 1242), treated subfecund (n = 230) and treated severely subfecund (n = 1234) parents were compared to children born to more fertile parents (TTP: ≤5 months). We estimated mean monthly differences in mean age at achieving individual pubertal milestones (i.e. age at menarche, voice break, first ejaculation and Tanner stages 2, 3, 4 and 5 for breast or genital development and pubic hair growth) and a combined indicator of timing of puberty. Further, we compared mean age at achieving the individual pubertal milestones in children born by use of IVF or ICSI (n = 480) with children born by controlled ovarian stimulation or ovulation induction with or without intrauterine insemination (n = 902). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We found tendencies towards slightly later mean age at male pubertal timing and slightly earlier mean age at female pubertal timing among children born by untreated subfecund, treated subfecund, untreated severely subfecund and treated severely subfecund parents. There were no specific patterns with increasing TTP, use of MAR nor type of MAR treatment, and the magnitude of the mean differences for individual milestones and overall timing of puberty were small, i.e. 0.9 months (95% CI: −1.0; 2.8) for first ejaculation and −0.5 months (95% CI: −2.0; 1.0) months for age at menarche in boys and girls, respectively, born by treated severely subfecund parents when compared with children born by more fertile parents. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Non-differential misclassification of the self-reported information on parental TTP and pubertal development in the offspring may serve as an alternative explanation of the findings, possibly biasing the estimates towards the null. The information on pubertal development was collected from around 11 years of age and onwards. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study adds to the growing body of literature suggesting only limited harmful effects of parental subfecundity and MAR on offspring’s long-term growth and development. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research [DFF 4183-00152]; and the Faculty of Health at Aarhus University. The authors have no financial relationships or competing interests to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ernst
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - L L B Lauridsen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - N Brix
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - O A Arah
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,California Center for Population Research, UCLA, 337 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Center for Health Policy Research, UCLA, 337 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Olsen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - L H Olsen
- Department of Urology, Section for Paediatric Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 35, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - C H Ramlau-Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Krombach J, Hennel R, Brix N, Orth M, Schoetz U, Ernst A, Schuster J, Zuchtriegel G, Reichel CA, Bierschenk S, Sperandio M, Vogl T, Unkel S, Belka C, Lauber K. Priming anti-tumor immunity by radiotherapy: Dying tumor cell-derived DAMPs trigger endothelial cell activation and recruitment of myeloid cells. Oncoimmunology 2018; 8:e1523097. [PMID: 30546963 PMCID: PMC6287777 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1523097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The major goal of radiotherapy is the induction of tumor cell death. Additionally, radiotherapy can function as in situ cancer vaccination by exposing tumor antigens and providing adjuvants for anti-tumor immune priming. In this regard, the mode of tumor cell death and the repertoire of released damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are crucial. However, optimal dosing and fractionation of radiotherapy remain controversial. Here, we examined the initial steps of anti-tumor immune priming by different radiation regimens (20 Gy, 4 × 2 Gy, 2 Gy, 0 Gy) with cell lines of triple-negative breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. Previously, we have shown that especially high single doses (20 Gy) induce a delayed type of primary necrosis with characteristics of mitotic catastrophe and plasma membrane disintegration. Now, we provide evidence that protein DAMPs released by these dying cells stimulate sequential recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes in vivo. Key players in this regard appear to be endothelial cells revealing a distinct state of activation upon exposure to supernatants of irradiated tumor cells as characterized by high surface expression of adhesion molecules and production of a discrete cytokine/chemokine pattern. Furthermore, irradiated tumor cell-derived protein DAMPs enforced differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells as hallmarked by upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules and improved T cell-priming. Consistently, a recurring pattern was observed: The strongest effects were detected with 20 Gy-irradiated cells. Obviously, the initial steps of radiotherapy-induced anti-tumor immune priming are preferentially triggered by high single doses – at least in models of triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krombach
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Hennel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikko Brix
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Orth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schoetz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University Marburg, University Hospital Gießen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anne Ernst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jessica Schuster
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Zuchtriegel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,Translational research in haematology/oncology, Institute of Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research, Division of the University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph A Reichel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Bierschenk
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Steffen Unkel
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
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11
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Brix N, Tiefenthaller A, Anders H, Belka C, Lauber K. Abscopal, immunological effects of radiotherapy: Narrowing the gap between clinical and preclinical experiences. Immunol Rev 2018; 280:249-279. [PMID: 29027221 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy-despite being a local therapy that meanwhile is characterized by an impressively high degree of spatial accuracy-can stimulate systemic phenomena which occasionally lead to regression and rejection of non-irradiated, distant tumor lesions. These abscopal effects of local irradiation have been observed in sporadic clinical case reports since the beginning of the 20th century, and extensive preclinical work has contributed to identify systemic anti-tumor immune responses as the underlying driving forces. Although abscopal tumor regression still remains a rare event in the radiotherapeutic routine, increasing numbers of cases are being reported, particularly since the clinical implementation of immune checkpoint inhibiting agents. Accordingly, interests to systematically exploit the therapeutic potential of radiotherapy-stimulated systemic responses are constantly growing. The present review briefly delineates the history of radiotherapy-induced abscopal effects and the activation of systemic anti-tumor immune responses by local irradiation. We discuss preclinical and clinical reports with specific focus on the corresponding controversies, and we propose issues that should be addressed in the future in order to narrow the gap between preclinical knowledge and clinical experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikko Brix
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Tiefenthaller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heike Anders
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium Partner Site München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
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12
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Kinzel L, Ernst A, Orth M, Albrecht V, Hennel R, Brix N, Frey B, Gaipl US, Zuchtriegel G, Reichel CA, Blutke A, Schilling D, Multhoff G, Li M, Niyazi M, Friedl AA, Winssinger N, Belka C, Lauber K. A novel HSP90 inhibitor with reduced hepatotoxicity synergizes with radiotherapy to induce apoptosis, abrogate clonogenic survival, and improve tumor control in models of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:43199-43219. [PMID: 27259245 PMCID: PMC5190018 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The chaperone heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) crucially supports the maturation, folding, and stability of a variety of client proteins which are of pivotal importance for the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. Consequently, targeting of HSP90 has emerged as an attractive strategy of anti-cancer therapy, and it appears to be particularly effective in the context of molecular sensitization towards radiotherapy as has been proven in preclinical models of different cancer entities. However, so far the clinical translation has largely been hampered by suboptimal pharmacological properties and serious hepatotoxicity of first- and second-generation HSP90 inhibitors. Here, we report on NW457, a novel radicicol-derived member of the pochoxime family with reduced hepatotoxicity, how it inhibits the DNA damage response and how it synergizes with ionizing irradiation to induce apoptosis, abrogate clonogenic survival, and improve tumor control in models of colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kinzel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Ernst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Orth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Valerie Albrecht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Hennel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikko Brix
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Zuchtriegel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph A Reichel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Blutke
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Schilling
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Minglun Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Niyazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna A Friedl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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13
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Brix N, Hennel R, Belka C, Lauber K. PO-0973: Dimensionality reduction of clonogenic survival data to identify candidates for radiosensitization. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Brix N, Secher NJ, Henriksen TB. Authors' reply: Cerclage or cervical occlusion--what's the difference? BJOG 2014; 121:1173-4. [PMID: 25047487 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Brix
- Department of Paediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
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15
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Hennel R, Brix N, Seidl K, Ernst A, Scheithauer H, Belka C, Lauber K. Release of monocyte migration signals by breast cancer cell lines after ablative and fractionated γ-irradiation. Radiat Oncol 2014; 9:85. [PMID: 24666643 PMCID: PMC3994291 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-9-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy, administered in fractionated as well as ablative settings, is an essential treatment component for breast cancer. Besides the direct tumor cell death inducing effects, there is growing evidence that immune mechanisms contribute - at least in part - to its therapeutic success. The present study was designed to characterize the type and the extent of cell death induced by fractionated and ablative radiotherapy as well as its impact on the release of monocyte migration stimulating factors by dying breast cancer cells. Methods Cell death and senescence assays were employed to characterize the response of a panel of breast cancer cell lines with different receptor and p53 status towards γ-irradiation applied in a fractionated (daily doses of 2 Gy) or ablative setting (single dose of 20 Gy). Cell-free culture supernatants were examined for their monocyte migration stimulating potential in transwell migration and 2D chemotaxis/chemokinesis assays. Irradiation-induced transcriptional responses were analyzed by qRT-PCR, and CD39 surface expression was measured by flow cytometry. Results Fast proliferating, hormone receptor negative breast cancer cell lines with defective p53 predominantly underwent primary necrosis in response to γ-irradiation when applied at a single, ablative dose of 20 Gy, whereas hormone receptor positive, p53 wildtype cells revealed a combination of apoptosis, primary, and secondary (post-apoptotic) necrosis. During necrosis the dying tumor cells released apyrase-sensitive nucleotides, which effectively stimulated monocyte migration and chemokinesis. In hormone receptor positive cells with functional p53 this was hampered by irradiation-induced surface expression of the ectonucleotidase CD39. Conclusions Our study shows that ablative radiotherapy potently induces necrosis in fast proliferating, hormone receptor negative breast cancer cell lines with mutant p53, which in turn release monocyte migration and chemokinesis stimulating nucleotides. Future studies have to elucidate, whether these mechanisms might be utilized in order to stimulate intra-tumoral monocyte recruitment and subsequent priming of adaptive anti-tumor immune responses, and which breast cancer subtypes might be best suited for such approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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16
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Brix N, Secher NJ, McCormack CD, Helmig RB, Hein M, Weber T, Mittal S, Kurdi W, Palacio M, Henriksen TB. Randomised trial of cervical cerclage, with and without occlusion, for the prevention of preterm birth in women suspected for cervical insufficiency. BJOG 2013; 120:613-20. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Brix
- Department of Paediatrics; Aarhus University Hospital; Skejby; Denmark
| | - NJ Secher
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Copenhagen University Hospital; Rigshospitalet; Denmark
| | - CD McCormack
- Women's and Children's Hospital; Adelaide; Australia
| | - RB Helmig
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Aarhus University Hospital; Skejby; Denmark
| | - M Hein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Aarhus University Hospital; Skejby; Denmark
| | - T Weber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Copenhagen University Hospital; Hvidovre; Denmark
| | - S Mittal
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences in New Delhi; India
| | - W Kurdi
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre; Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Palacio
- Hospital Clínic; Universitat de Barcelona; Spain
| | - TB Henriksen
- Department of Paediatrics; Aarhus University Hospital; Skejby; Denmark
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