1
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Martins‐Costa C, Pham VA, Sidhaye J, Novatchkova M, Wiegers A, Peer A, Möseneder P, Corsini NS, Knoblich JA. Morphogenesis and development of human telencephalic organoids in the absence and presence of exogenous extracellular matrix. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113213. [PMID: 37842725 PMCID: PMC10646563 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022113213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment and maintenance of apical-basal polarity is a fundamental step in brain development, instructing the organization of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and the developing cerebral cortex. Particularly, basally located extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for this process. In vitro, epithelial polarization can be achieved via endogenous ECM production, or exogenous ECM supplementation. While neuroepithelial development is recapitulated in neural organoids, the effects of different ECM sources in tissue morphogenesis remain underexplored. Here, we show that exposure to a solubilized basement membrane matrix substrate, Matrigel, at early neuroepithelial stages causes rapid tissue polarization and rearrangement of neuroepithelial architecture. In cultures exposed to pure ECM components or unexposed to any exogenous ECM, polarity acquisition is slower and driven by endogenous ECM production. After the onset of neurogenesis, tissue architecture and neuronal differentiation are largely independent of the initial ECM source, but Matrigel exposure has long-lasting effects on tissue patterning. These results advance the knowledge on mechanisms of exogenously and endogenously guided morphogenesis, demonstrating the self-sustainability of neuroepithelial cultures by endogenous processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Martins‐Costa
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD ProgramDoctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Vincent A Pham
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
| | - Jaydeep Sidhaye
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
| | - Andrea Wiegers
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
| | - Angela Peer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
| | - Paul Möseneder
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
| | - Nina S Corsini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
| | - Jürgen A Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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2
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Li C, Fleck JS, Martins-Costa C, Burkard TR, Themann J, Stuempflen M, Peer AM, Vertesy Á, Littleboy JB, Esk C, Elling U, Kasprian G, Corsini NS, Treutlein B, Knoblich JA. Author Correction: Single-cell brain organoid screening identifies developmental defects in autism. Nature 2023; 623:E20. [PMID: 37964131 PMCID: PMC10686816 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jonas Simon Fleck
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catarina Martins-Costa
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas R Burkard
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Themann
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Stuempflen
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Maria Peer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Ábel Vertesy
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jamie B Littleboy
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Esk
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulrich Elling
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Kasprian
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina S Corsini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Treutlein
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Juergen A Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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3
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Li C, Fleck JS, Martins-Costa C, Burkard TR, Themann J, Stuempflen M, Peer AM, Vertesy Á, Littleboy JB, Esk C, Elling U, Kasprian G, Corsini NS, Treutlein B, Knoblich JA. Single-cell brain organoid screening identifies developmental defects in autism. Nature 2023; 621:373-380. [PMID: 37704762 PMCID: PMC10499611 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of the human brain involves unique processes (not observed in many other species) that can contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders1-4. Cerebral organoids enable the study of neurodevelopmental disorders in a human context. We have developed the CRISPR-human organoids-single-cell RNA sequencing (CHOOSE) system, which uses verified pairs of guide RNAs, inducible CRISPR-Cas9-based genetic disruption and single-cell transcriptomics for pooled loss-of-function screening in mosaic organoids. Here we show that perturbation of 36 high-risk autism spectrum disorder genes related to transcriptional regulation uncovers their effects on cell fate determination. We find that dorsal intermediate progenitors, ventral progenitors and upper-layer excitatory neurons are among the most vulnerable cell types. We construct a developmental gene regulatory network of cerebral organoids from single-cell transcriptomes and chromatin modalities and identify autism spectrum disorder-associated and perturbation-enriched regulatory modules. Perturbing members of the BRG1/BRM-associated factor (BAF) chromatin remodelling complex leads to enrichment of ventral telencephalon progenitors. Specifically, mutating the BAF subunit ARID1B affects the fate transition of progenitors to oligodendrocyte and interneuron precursor cells, a phenotype that we confirmed in patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids. Our study paves the way for high-throughput phenotypic characterization of disease susceptibility genes in organoid models with cell state, molecular pathway and gene regulatory network readouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jonas Simon Fleck
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catarina Martins-Costa
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas R Burkard
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Themann
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Stuempflen
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Maria Peer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Ábel Vertesy
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jamie B Littleboy
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Esk
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulrich Elling
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Kasprian
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina S Corsini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Treutlein
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Juergen A Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Corsini NS, Knoblich JA. Human organoids: New strategies and methods for analyzing human development and disease. Cell 2022; 185:2756-2769. [PMID: 35868278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
For decades, insight into fundamental principles of human biology and disease has been obtained primarily by experiments in animal models. While this has allowed researchers to understand many human biological processes in great detail, some developmental and disease mechanisms have proven difficult to study due to inherent species differences. The advent of organoid technology more than 10 years ago has established laboratory-grown organ tissues as an additional model system to recapitulate human-specific aspects of biology. The use of human 3D organoids, as well as other advances in single-cell technologies, has revealed unprecedented insights into human biology and disease mechanisms, especially those that distinguish humans from other species. This review highlights novel advances in organoid biology with a focus on how organoid technology has generated a better understanding of human-specific processes in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina S Corsini
- IMBA - Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Juergen A Knoblich
- IMBA - Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Department of Neurology, Vienna, Austria.
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5
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Eichmüller OL, Corsini NS, Vértesy Á, Morassut I, Scholl T, Gruber VE, Peer AM, Chu J, Novatchkova M, Hainfellner JA, Paredes MF, Feucht M, Knoblich JA. Amplification of human interneuron progenitors promotes brain tumors and neurological defects. Science 2022; 375:eabf5546. [PMID: 35084981 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf5546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary development of the human brain is characterized by the expansion of various brain regions. Here, we show that developmental processes specific to humans are responsible for malformations of cortical development (MCDs), which result in developmental delay and epilepsy in children. We generated a human cerebral organoid model for tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and identified a specific neural stem cell type, caudal late interneuron progenitor (CLIP) cells. In TSC, CLIP cells over-proliferate, generating excessive interneurons, brain tumors, and cortical malformations. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition reduces tumor burden, identifying potential treatment options for TSC and related disorders. The identification of CLIP cells reveals the extended interneuron generation in the human brain as a vulnerability for disease. In addition, this work demonstrates that analyzing MCDs can reveal fundamental insights into human-specific aspects of brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver L Eichmüller
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina S Corsini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Ábel Vértesy
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilaria Morassut
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Scholl
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Angela M Peer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Chu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mercedes F Paredes
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martha Feucht
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen A Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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6
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Corsini NS, Peer AM, Moeseneder P, Roiuk M, Burkard TR, Theussl HC, Moll I, Knoblich JA. Coordinated Control of mRNA and rRNA Processing Controls Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency and Differentiation. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 22:543-558.e12. [PMID: 29625069 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-specific transcriptional networks are well known to control pluripotency, but constitutive cellular processes such as mRNA splicing and protein synthesis can add complex layers of regulation with poorly understood effects on cell-fate decisions. Here, we show that the RNA binding protein HTATSF1 controls embryonic stem cell differentiation by regulating multiple aspects of RNA processing during ribosome biogenesis. HTATSF1, in a complex with splicing factor SF3B1, controls intron removal from ribosomal protein transcripts and regulates ribosomal RNA transcription and processing, thereby controlling 60S ribosomal abundance and protein synthesis. HTATSF1-dependent protein synthesis is essential for naive pre-implantation epiblast to transition into post-implantation epiblast, a stage with transiently low protein synthesis, and further differentiation toward neuroectoderm. Together, these results identify coordinated regulation of ribosomal RNA and protein synthesis by HTATSF1 and show that this essential mechanism controls protein synthesis during early mammalian embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina S Corsini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela M Peer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Moeseneder
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mykola Roiuk
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas R Burkard
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Christian Theussl
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Moll
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juergen A Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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7
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Abstract
Neural stem cells in the ventricular-subventricular zone of the adult brain continuously generate differentiated neurons without depleting the stem cell pool. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Obernier et al. (2018) present the surprising finding that this occurs through mostly symmetric divisions that either generate two differentiating or two self-renewing daughter cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina S Corsini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juergen A Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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8
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Lancaster MA, Corsini NS, Wolfinger S, Gustafson EH, Phillips AW, Burkard TR, Otani T, Livesey FJ, Knoblich JA. Publisher Correction: Guided self-organization and cortical plate formation in human brain organoids. Nat Biotechnol 2018; 36:1016. [PMID: 30307926 DOI: 10.1038/nbt1018-1016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3906.
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9
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Lancaster MA, Corsini NS, Wolfinger S, Gustafson EH, Phillips AW, Burkard TR, Otani T, Livesey FJ, Knoblich JA. Guided self-organization and cortical plate formation in human brain organoids. Nat Biotechnol 2017; 35:659-666. [PMID: 28562594 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 474] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture models have either relied on the self-organizing properties of mammalian cells or used bioengineered constructs to arrange cells in an organ-like configuration. While self-organizing organoids excel at recapitulating early developmental events, bioengineered constructs reproducibly generate desired tissue architectures. Here, we combine these two approaches to reproducibly generate human forebrain tissue while maintaining its self-organizing capacity. We use poly(lactide-co-glycolide) copolymer (PLGA) fiber microfilaments as a floating scaffold to generate elongated embryoid bodies. Microfilament-engineered cerebral organoids (enCORs) display enhanced neuroectoderm formation and improved cortical development. Furthermore, reconstitution of the basement membrane leads to characteristic cortical tissue architecture, including formation of a polarized cortical plate and radial units. Thus, enCORs model the distinctive radial organization of the cerebral cortex and allow for the study of neuronal migration. Our data demonstrate that combining 3D cell culture with bioengineering can increase reproducibility and improve tissue architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline A Lancaster
- IMBA-Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna, Austria.,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nina S Corsini
- IMBA-Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Wolfinger
- IMBA-Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Hilary Gustafson
- IMBA-Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alex W Phillips
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas R Burkard
- IMBA-Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna, Austria.,IMP-Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomoki Otani
- Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frederick J Livesey
- Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juergen A Knoblich
- IMBA-Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Seib DRM, Corsini NS, Ellwanger K, Plaas C, Mateos A, Pitzer C, Niehrs C, Celikel T, Martin-Villalba A. Loss of Dickkopf-1 restores neurogenesis in old age and counteracts cognitive decline. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 12:204-14. [PMID: 23395445 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Memory impairment has been associated with age-related decline in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Although Notch, bone morphogenetic protein, and Wnt signaling pathways are known to regulate multiple aspects of adult neural stem cell function, the molecular basis of declining neurogenesis in the aging hippocampus remains unknown. Here, we show that expression of the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) increases with age and that its loss enhances neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Neural progenitors with inducible loss of Dkk1 increase their Wnt activity, which leads to enhanced self-renewal and increased generation of immature neurons. This Wnt-expanded progeny subsequently matures into glutamatergic granule neurons with increased dendritic complexity. As a result, mice deficient in Dkk1 exhibit enhanced spatial working memory and memory consolidation and also show improvements in affective behavior. Taken together, our findings show that upregulating Wnt signaling by reducing Dkk1 expression can counteract age-related decrease in neurogenesis and its associated cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée R M Seib
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Ribeiro D, Ellwanger K, Glagow D, Theofilopoulos S, Corsini NS, Martin-Villalba A, Niehrs C, Arenas E. Dkk1 regulates ventral midbrain dopaminergic differentiation and morphogenesis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e15786. [PMID: 21347250 PMCID: PMC3037958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf1 (Dkk1) is a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor that participates in many processes during embryonic development. One of its roles during embryogenesis is to induce head formation, since Dkk1-null mice lack head structures anterior to midbrain. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is also known to regulate different aspects of ventral midbrain (VM) dopaminergic (DA) neuron development and, in vitro, Dkk1-mediated inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway improves the DA differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC). However, the in vivo function of Dkk1 on the development of midbrain DA neurons remains to be elucidated. Here we examined Dkk1+/− embryos and found that Dkk1 is required for the differentiation of DA precursors/neuroblasts into DA neurons at E13.5. This deficit persisted until E17.5, when a defect in the number and distribution of VM DA neurons was detected. Furthermore, analysis of the few Dkk1−/− embryos that survived until E17.5 revealed a more severe loss of midbrain DA neurons and morphogenesis defects. Our results thus show that Dkk1 is required for midbrain DA differentiation and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Ribeiro
- Section of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Ellwanger
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Désirée Glagow
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Spyridon Theofilopoulos
- Section of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina S. Corsini
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Martin-Villalba
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Section of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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12
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Letellier E, Kumar S, Sancho-Martinez I, Krauth S, Funke-Kaiser A, Laudenklos S, Konecki K, Klussmann S, Corsini NS, Kleber S, Drost N, Neumann A, Lévi-Strauss M, Brors B, Gretz N, Edler L, Fischer C, Hill O, Thiemann M, Biglari B, Karray S, Martin-Villalba A. CD95-ligand on peripheral myeloid cells activates Syk kinase to trigger their recruitment to the inflammatory site. Immunity 2010; 32:240-52. [PMID: 20153221 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Injury to the central nervous system initiates an uncontrolled inflammatory response that results in both tissue repair and destruction. Here, we showed that, in rodents and humans, injury to the spinal cord triggered surface expression of CD95 ligand (CD95L, FasL) on peripheral blood myeloid cells. CD95L stimulation of CD95 on these cells activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) via recruitment and activation of Syk kinase, ultimately leading to increased migration. Exclusive CD95L deletion in myeloid cells greatly decreased the number of neutrophils and macrophages infiltrating the injured spinal cord or the inflamed peritoneum after thioglycollate injection. Importantly, deletion of myeloid CD95L, but not of CD95 on neural cells, led to functional recovery of spinal injured animals. Our results indicate that CD95L acts on peripheral myeloid cells to induce tissue damage. Thus, neutralization of CD95L should be considered as a means to create a controlled beneficial inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Letellier
- Molecular Neurobiology Unit, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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13
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Corsini NS, Sancho-Martinez I, Laudenklos S, Glagow D, Kumar S, Letellier E, Koch P, Teodorczyk M, Kleber S, Klussmann S, Wiestler B, Brüstle O, Mueller W, Gieffers C, Hill O, Thiemann M, Seedorf M, Gretz N, Sprengel R, Celikel T, Martin-Villalba A. The Death Receptor CD95 Activates Adult Neural Stem Cells for Working Memory Formation and Brain Repair. Cell Stem Cell 2009; 5:178-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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