Should We Worry About Nutrition Of Adults With Minor Burns? An Audit Of Their Intakes

Small burn injuries are managed in an outpatient setting by surgeons and/or nurses. Nutrition in minor burn patients is rarely investigated. This observational study aimed to quantify their nutritional intakes, and o compare them to theoretical adequate values. Their average daily food intakes since injury were evaluated by a dietician using a ten-point visual assessment of consumed portions during the last meal (SEFI tool) and a food anamnesis. Macro- and micronutrient intakes were compared to national recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for healthy subjects: intakes <66% RDA were considered inadequate. Forty-two patients with a median age of 45 (34-56) years, BMI of 25.9 (23.5-28.9) kg/m2, and burn surface area (BSA) of 2 (1-3) % were included. Energy and protein RDA were reached in 28.6 and 71.4% of the patients, respectively. Intakes of n-3 fatty acids were inadequate in 80.9% of the patients. A SEFI <7 was associated with insufficient intakes regards both energy and proteins. Inadequate intakes of different micronutrients were frequently observed, but no risk factors could be detected. Vitamin A and C were the most impacted: 71.4% of the patients had inadequate intakes. Vitamin D intake was low: 225 (56-431) UI/d. In contrast, intakes of iron, selenium and zinc were adequate in at least 61.9% of the patients. In conclusion, this audit highlighted that a majority of macronutrient and micronutrient intakes did not reach the levels recommended by the RDA. Such data should help in designing further studies aimed at assessing the impact of optimized nutrition on outcomes.

Detection and assessment of stroke in patients with sickle cell disease: neuropsychological functioning and magnetic resonance imaging

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with increased risk of stroke and cognitive impairment. This study describes a retrospective review of 65 patients who underwent routine neuropsychological testing and MRI during treatment at a comprehensive sickle cell center. It was hypothesized that (1) children with no evidence of CVA would perform lower than expected on cognitive tasks compared to population-based normative data, (2) children with strokes and children with silent infarcts would perform lower on cognitive tasks and motor skills as compared to patients with no evidence of CVA, and (3) children with evidence of silent infarcts would perform better than children with known overt strokes. This final hypothesis has not been studied previously, as children with known overt stroke and silent infarct were grouped together. Sixty-five children with SCD who were sent for routine neuropsychological testing and brain MRI were identified via retrospective chart review. Patients had been administered neuropsychological tests to assess cognitive, executive and motor function. Brain MRI was obtained from each patient and was analyzed for evidence of cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Based on MRI analysis, 27% of patients with SCD had experienced a stroke and 13% a silent infarct. The majority (59%) of patients diagnosed with stroke or infarct sustained cortical damage to the frontal lobe. Patients with SCD and no evidence of CVA functioned normally on tests of cognitive ability and achievement, but patients with CVA displayed impairments in cognitive function and comparatively lower scores on verbal and performance scales. Neuropsychological testing can identify impairments in patients with SCD with no known cerebrovascular accident. Investigations of neurocognitive functioning will help characterize patterns of deficits and can inform the ability to implement comprehensive care strategies for patients with SCD and cognitive impairment.