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Oguzie JU, Petros BA, Oluniyi PE, Mehta SB, Eromon PE, Nair P, Adewale-Fasoro O, Ifoga PD, Odia I, Pastusiak A, Gbemisola OS, Aiyepada JO, Uyigue EA, Edamhande AP, Blessing O, Airende M, Tomkins-Tinch C, Qu J, Stenson L, Schaffner SF, Oyejide N, Ajayi NA, Ojide K, Ogah O, Abejegah C, Adedosu N, Ayodeji O, Liasu AA, Okogbenin S, Okokhere PO, Park DJ, Folarin OA, Komolafe I, Ihekweazu C, Frost SDW, Jackson EK, Siddle KJ, Sabeti PC, Happi CT. Metagenomic surveillance uncovers diverse and novel viral taxa in febrile patients from Nigeria. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4693. [PMID: 37542071 PMCID: PMC10403498 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective infectious disease surveillance in high-risk regions is critical for clinical care and pandemic preemption; however, few clinical diagnostics are available for the wide range of potential human pathogens. Here, we conduct unbiased metagenomic sequencing of 593 samples from febrile Nigerian patients collected in three settings: i) population-level surveillance of individuals presenting with symptoms consistent with Lassa Fever (LF); ii) real-time investigations of outbreaks with suspected infectious etiologies; and iii) undiagnosed clinically challenging cases. We identify 13 distinct viruses, including the second and third documented cases of human blood-associated dicistrovirus, and a highly divergent, unclassified dicistrovirus that we name human blood-associated dicistrovirus 2. We show that pegivirus C is a common co-infection in individuals with LF and is associated with lower Lassa viral loads and favorable outcomes. We help uncover the causes of three outbreaks as yellow fever virus, monkeypox virus, and a noninfectious cause, the latter ultimately determined to be pesticide poisoning. We demonstrate that a local, Nigerian-driven metagenomics response to complex public health scenarios generates accurate, real-time differential diagnoses, yielding insights that inform policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith U Oguzie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Brittany A Petros
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Systems, Synthetic, and Quantitative Biology PhD Program, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Paul E Oluniyi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Samar B Mehta
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - Philomena E Eromon
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Parvathy Nair
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Opeoluwa Adewale-Fasoro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Peace Damilola Ifoga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ikponmwosa Odia
- Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Otitoola Shobi Gbemisola
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Osiemi Blessing
- Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Michael Airende
- Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Christopher Tomkins-Tinch
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James Qu
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Liam Stenson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Oyejide
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Nnenna A Ajayi
- Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley Ojide
- Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Onwe Ogah
- Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel J Park
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Onikepe A Folarin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Isaac Komolafe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Simon D W Frost
- Microsoft Premonition, Redmond, WA, USA
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Katherine J Siddle
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Pardis C Sabeti
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Christian T Happi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
- Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Obasi E, Adekanle E, Ajayi NA, Ndububa DA. Clinical Correlates of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Nigerian Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. West Afr J Med 2022; 39:407-414. [PMID: 35490415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NASH is frequently associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its prevalence is increasing due to rising global epidemics of MetS. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, risk factors and correlates of NASH in patients with MetS in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. METHODS We caried out a hospital based cross-sectional study of 81 subjects with MetS. The diagnosis of NASH was made by ultrasound evidence of hepatic steatosis, and exclusion of significant consumption of alcohol as well as histologic evidence of NASH on liver biopsy. Subjects gave informed consent and ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the hospital. Data obtained were entered into SPSS version 20 and analyzed using simple and inferential statistics. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Total of 81 subjects with MetS were studied, males 36(44.4%), females 45(55.6%), mean age(SD) of 49.77 (12.08) years. Ten (12.3%) subjects were diagnosed with NASH. Subjects with NASH had significant association with obesity, dyslipidaemia, and poor glycemic control. Regression analysis showed that morbid obesity, low HDL and presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus were independent risk factors for the development of NASH. CONCLUSION NASH is common in Nigerian patients with MetS and its presence is significantly associated with obesity, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Obasi
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - E Adekanle
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University/Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - N A Ajayi
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - D A Ndububa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University/Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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Pemba CM, Kurosaki Y, Yoshikawa R, Oloniniyi OK, Urata S, Sueyoshi M, Zadeh VR, Nwafor I, Iroezindu MO, Ajayi NA, Chukwubike CM, Chika-Igwenyi NM, Ndu AC, Nwidi DU, Maehira Y, Unigwe US, Ojide CK, Onwe EO, Yasuda J. Development of an RT-LAMP assay for the detection of Lassa viruses in southeast and south-central Nigeria. J Virol Methods 2019; 269:30-37. [PMID: 30974179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) causes Lassa fever (LF), a viral hemorrhagic fever endemic in West Africa. LASV strains are clustered into six lineages according to their geographic location. To confirm a diagnosis of LF, a laboratory test is required. Here, a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay using a portable device for the detection of LASV in southeast and south-central Nigeria using three primer sets specific for strains clustered in lineage II was developed. The assay detected in vitro transcribed LASV RNAs within 23 min and was further evaluated for detection in 73 plasma collected from suspected LF patients admitted into two health settings in southern Nigeria. The clinical evaluation using the conventional RT-PCR as the reference test revealed a sensitivity of 50% in general with 100% for samples with a viral titer of 9500 genome equivalent copies (geq)/mL and higher. The detection limit was estimated to be 4214 geq/mL. The assay showed 98% specificity with no cross-reactivity to other viruses which cause similar symptoms. These results suggest that this RT-LAMP assay is a useful molecular diagnostic test for LF during the acute phase, contributing to early patient management, while using a convenient device for field deployment and in resource-poor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle M Pemba
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yohei Kurosaki
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Rokusuke Yoshikawa
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan; National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Olamide K Oloniniyi
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shuzo Urata
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan; National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Maki Sueyoshi
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Vahid R Zadeh
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Ifeanyi Nwafor
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, P.M.B. 102, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Michael O Iroezindu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla, P.M.B. 01129, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Nnenna A Ajayi
- Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, P.M.B. 01129, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Chinedu M Chukwubike
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, P.M.B. 01129, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Nneka M Chika-Igwenyi
- Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, P.M.B. 01129, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Anne C Ndu
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla, P.M.B. 01129, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Damian U Nwidi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, P.M.B. 102, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Yuki Maehira
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan; St Luke's International University, Graduate School of Public Health, 3-6-2, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Uche S Unigwe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, P.M.B. 102, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, P.M.B. 102, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Chiedozie K Ojide
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, P.M.B. 102, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Emeka O Onwe
- Department of Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, P.M.B. 102, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Pediatrics Department, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, P.M.B. 102, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Jiro Yasuda
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan; National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
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