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Proof-of-Principle Experiment for Testing Strong-Field Quantum Electrodynamics with Exotic Atoms: High Precision X-Ray Spectroscopy of Muonic Neon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:173001. [PMID: 37172243 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.173001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
To test bound-state quantum electrodynamics (BSQED) in the strong-field regime, we have performed high precision x-ray spectroscopy of the 5g-4f and 5f- 4d transitions (BSQED contribution of 2.4 and 5.2 eV, respectively) of muonic neon atoms in the low-pressure gas phase without bound electrons. Muonic atoms have been recently proposed as an alternative to few-electron high-Z ions for BSQED tests by focusing on circular Rydberg states where nuclear contributions are negligibly small. We determined the 5g_{9/2}- 4f_{7/2} transition energy to be 6297.08±0.04(stat)±0.13(syst) eV using superconducting transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters (5.2-5.5 eV FWHM resolution), which agrees well with the most advanced BSQED theoretical prediction of 6297.26 eV.
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Effect of charged-cluster distribution of the ZIF268 zinc finger surface on cell membrane permeability. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.220464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Importance of two-dimensional cation clusters induced by protein folding in intrinsic intracellular membrane permeability. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:1076-1084. [PMID: 35975000 PMCID: PMC9347356 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00098a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional cation clusters formed on the surface of proteins play an important role in their intracellular translocation.
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Deexcitation Dynamics of Muonic Atoms Revealed by High-Precision Spectroscopy of Electronic K X Rays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:053001. [PMID: 34397250 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.053001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We observed electronic K x rays emitted from muonic iron atoms using superconducting transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters. The energy resolution of 5.2 eV in FWHM allowed us to observe the asymmetric broad profile of the electronic characteristic Kα and Kβ x rays together with the hypersatellite K^{h}α x rays around 6 keV. This signature reflects the time-dependent screening of the nuclear charge by the negative muon and the L-shell electrons, accompanied by electron side feeding. Assisted by a simulation, these data clearly reveal the electronic K- and L-shell hole production and their temporal evolution on the 10-20 fs scale during the muon cascade process.
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Rab7-Mediated Endocytosis Establishes Patterning of Wnt Activity through Inactivation of Dkk Antagonism. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107733. [PMID: 32521258 PMCID: PMC8171381 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis has been proposed to modulate cell signaling activities. However, the role of endocytosis in embryogenesis, which requires coordination of multiple signaling inputs, has remained less understood. We previously showed that mouse embryos lacking a small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein Rab7 implicated in endocytic flow are defective in gastrulation. Here, we investigate how subcellular defects associated with Rab7 deficiency are related to the observed developmental defects. Rab7-deficient embryos fail to organize mesodermal tissues due to defects in Wnt-β-catenin signaling. Visceral endoderm (VE)-specific ablation of Rab7 results in patterning defects similar to systemic Rab7 deletion. Rab7 mutants accumulate the Wnt antagonist Dkk1 in the extracellular space and in intracellular compartments throughout the VE epithelium. These data indicate that Rab7-dependent endocytosis regulates the concentration and availability of extracellular Dkk1, thereby relieving the epiblast of antagonism. This intercellular mechanism therefore organizes distinct spatiotemporal patterns of canonical Wnt activity during the peri-gastrulation stages of embryonic development.
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A case of pustular psoriasis possibly precipitated by periodic oestrogen/gestagen therapy for Turner syndrome. Clin Exp Dermatol 2019; 44:e240-e241. [PMID: 30963610 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
High precision measurements of the ground state hyperfine structure (HFS) of muonium is a stringent tool for testing bound-state quantum electrodynamics (QED) theory, determining fundamental constants of the muon magnetic moment and mass, and searches for new physics. Muonium is the most suitable system to test QED because both theoretical and experimental values can be precisely determined. Previous measurements were performed decades ago at LAMPF with uncertainties mostly dominated by statistical errors. At the J-PARC Muon Science Facility (MUSE), the MuSEUM collaboration is planning complementary measurements of muonium HFS both at zero and high magnetic field. The new high-intensity muon beam that will soon be available at H-Line will provide an opportunity to improve the precision of these measurements by one order of magnitude. An overview of the different aspects of these new muonium HFS measurements, the current status of the preparation for high-field measurements, and the latest results at zero field are presented.
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Hard X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy at Two Public Beamlines of SPring-8: Current Status and Ongoing Developments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2018.1483652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Effectiveness of rehabilitation on the cognitive function impairment in CVD patients. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.2160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Membrane dynamics in mammalian embryogenesis: Implication in signal regulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 108:33-44. [PMID: 26992153 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotes have evolved an array of membrane compartments constituting secretory and endocytic pathways that allow the flow of materials. Both pathways perform important regulatory roles. The secretory pathway is essential for the production of extracellular, secreted signal molecules, but its function is not restricted to a mere route connecting intra- and extracellular compartments. Post-translational modifications also play an integral function in the secretory pathway and are implicated in developmental regulation. The endocytic pathway serves as a platform for relaying signals from the extracellular stimuli to intracellular mediators, and then ultimately inducing signal termination. Here, we discuss recent studies showing that dysfunction in membrane dynamics causes patterning defects in embryogenesis and tissue morphogenesis in mammals.
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Negative muon induced elemental analysis by muonic X-ray and prompt gamma-ray measurements. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-4772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Orbital Selectivity in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Distance-Dependent Tunneling Process Observed in Iron Nitride. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:056802. [PMID: 26894727 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.056802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In scanning tunneling microscopy, orbital selectivity of the tunneling process can make the topographic image dependent on a tip-surface distance. We have found reproducible dependence of the images on the distance for a monatomic layer of iron nitride formed on a Cu(001) surface. Observed atomic images systematically change between a regular dot array and a dimerized structure depending on the tip-surface distance, which turns out to be the only relevant parameter in the image variation. An accompanied change in the weight of Fe-3d local density of states to a tunneling background was detected in dI/dV spectra. These have been attributed to a shift in surface orbitals detected by the tip from the d states to the s/p states with increasing the tip-surface distance, consistent with an orbital assignment from first-principles calculations.
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Additional sedative drugs to light sedation with dexmedetomidine is risk for delirium. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4798285 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Coping Behaviors and Suicide in the Middle-Aged and Older Japanese General Population: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv096.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Loss of G2 subunit of vacuolar-type proton transporting ATPase leads to G1 subunit upregulation in the brain. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14027. [PMID: 26353914 PMCID: PMC4564858 DOI: 10.1038/srep14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) is a primary proton pump with versatile functions in various tissues. In nerve cells, V-ATPase is required for accumulation of neurotransmitters into secretory vesicles and subsequent release at the synapse. Neurons express a specific isoform (G2) of the G subunit of V-ATPase constituting the catalytic sector of the enzyme complex. Using gene targeting, we generated a mouse lacking functional G2 (G2 null), which showed no apparent disorders in architecture and behavior. In the G2-null mouse brain, a G1 subunit isoform, which is ubiquitously expressed in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues, accumulated more abundantly than in wild-type animals. This G1 upregulation was not accompanied by an increase in mRNA. These results indicate that loss of function of neuron-specific G2 isoform was compensated by an increase in levels of the G1 isoform without apparent upregulation of the G1 mRNA.
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Pressure-induced valence crossover and novel metamagnetic behavior near the antiferromagnetic quantum phase transition of YbNi_{3}Ga_{9}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:086401. [PMID: 25768771 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.086401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report electrical resistivity, ac magnetic susceptibility, and x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements of intermediate valence YbNi_{3}Ga_{9} under pressure and magnetic field. We have revealed a characteristic pressure-induced Yb valence crossover within the temperature-pressure phase diagram, and a first-order metamagnetic transition is found below P_{c}∼9 GPa where the system undergoes a pressure-induced antiferromagnetic transition. As a possible origin of the metamagnetic behavior, a critical valence fluctuation emerging near the critical point of the first-order valence transition is discussed on the basis of the temperature-field-pressure phase diagram.
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The association between complete and partial non-response to psychosocial questions and suicide: the JPHC Study. Eur J Public Health 2014; 25:424-30. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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[Microautophagy in the visceral endoderm regurates nutritional provision and differentiation signals during mouse early development]. SEIKAGAKU. THE JOURNAL OF JAPANESE BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2014; 86:778-782. [PMID: 25675817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Muon capture probability of carbon and oxygen for CO, CO2, and COS under low-pressure gas conditions. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Structural, magnetic and electronic state characterization of L1 0-type ordered FeNi alloy extracted from a natural meteorite. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:064206. [PMID: 24469025 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/6/064206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To understand the hard magnetism of L10-type ordered FeNi alloy, we extracted the L10-FeNi phase from a natural meteorite, and evaluated its fundamental solid-state properties: sample composition, magnetic hysteresis, crystal structure and electronic structure. We executed multidirectional analyses using scanning electron microscopy with an electron probe micro-analyzer (SEM-EPMA), a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD). As a result, we found that the composition was Fe: 50.47 ± 1.98 at.%, Ni: 49.60 ± 1.49 at.%, and an obvious superlattice peak is confirmed. The estimated degree of order was 0.608, with lattice constants a = b = 3.582 Å and c = 3.607 Å. The obtained coercivity was more than 500 Oe. MCD analysis using the K absorption edge suggests that the magnetic anisotropy could originate from the orbital magnetic moment of 3d electrons in Fe; this result is consistent with that in a previous report obtained with synthetic L10-FeNi.
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Immunohistochemical localization of aggresomal proteins in glial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2013; 38:559-71. [PMID: 22013984 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2011.01229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is pathologically characterized by the formation of α-synuclein-containing glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) in oligodendrocytes. However, the mechanisms of GCI formation are not fully understood. Cellular machinery for the formation of aggresomes has been linked to the biogenesis of the Lewy body, a characteristic α-synuclein-containing inclusion of Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Here, we examined whether GCIs contain the components of aggresomes by immunohistochemistry. METHODS Sections from five patients with MSA were stained immunohistochemically with antibodies against aggresome-related proteins and analysed in comparison with sections from five patients with no neurological disease. We evaluated the presence or absence of aggresome-related proteins in GCIs by double immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. RESULTS GCIs were clearly immunolabelled with antibodies against aggresome-related proteins, such as γ-tubulin, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) and 20S proteasome subunits. Neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs) were also immunopositive for these aggresome-related proteins. Double immunofluorescence staining and quantitative analysis demonstrated that the majority of GCIs contained these proteins, as well as other aggresome-related proteins, such as Hsp70, Hsp90 and 62-kDa protein/sequestosome 1 (p62/SQSTM1). Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated immunoreactivities for γ-tubulin and HDAC6 along the fibrils comprising GCIs. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that GCIs, and probably NCIs, share at least some characteristics with aggresomes in terms of their protein components. Therefore, GCIs and NCIs may be another manifestation of aggresome-related inclusion bodies observed in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Abstract
During early embryogenesis, before the conceptus forms the placenta, maternal nutrients as well as signaling molecules must reach the embryo proper through a tightly sealed epithelial tissue, the visceral endoderm (VE). The VE serves as a signaling center for embryogenesis, where exocytic and endocytic processes integrate signal production, perception and termination. However, the endocytic process in this important tissue has not been well characterized. We show that endocytic delivery to the lysosomes occurs via RAB7-dependent microautophagy. This process is essential for early mammalian development.
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M293 EXAMINATION CONCERNING PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS OF USUAL LEIOMYOMA, ATYPICAL LEIOMYOMA AND LEIOMYOSARCOMA THAT USED ANTI-LMP2 ANTIBODY. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(12)61484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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M266 AVAILABILITY OF TRANSVAGINAL NEEDLE BIOPSY FOR SUSPECTED ENDOMETRIAL MALIGNANCY IN PATIENTS UNABLE TO UNDERGO ENDOMETRIAL SAMPLING WITH A CONVENTIONAL CURETTAGE METHOD. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(12)61458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly all epidemiologic studies examining the association between the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) and diet have focused on single foods and specific nutrients. However, epidemiologic evidence for the association of dietary pattern with PD, namely the measurement of overall diet by considering the cumulative effects of nutrients is extremely limited. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in Japan to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of PD. METHODS Patients with PD diagnosed using the UK PD Society Brain Bank criteria (n = 249) and controls without neurodegenerative diseases (n = 368) were recruited. At the time of recruitment, dietary intake during the preceding 1 month was assessed using a validated, self-administered diet history questionnaire. Dietary patterns from 33 predefined food groups (energy-adjusted food g/day) were extracted by factor analysis. RESULTS Three dietary patterns were identified: 'Healthy', 'Western' and 'Light meal' patterns. After adjustment for potential non-dietary confounding factors, the Healthy pattern, characterized by a high intake of vegetables, seaweed, pulses, mushrooms, fruits and fish, was inversely associated with the risk of PD with a border-line significance (P for trend = 0.06). Multivariate Odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) for PD in the highest quartile of the Healthy pattern was 0.54 (0.32-0.92) compared with the lowest quartile. No associations with PD were detected for the other two dietary patterns. CONCLUSION In this case-control study in Japan, a dietary pattern consisting of high intakes of vegetables, fruits and fish may be associated with a decreased risk of PD.
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Pre-ovulatory LH/hCG surge decreases C-type natriuretic peptide secretion by ovarian granulosa cells to promote meiotic resumption of pre-ovulatory oocytes. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:3094-101. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins and risk of Parkinson's disease: a case-control study in Japan. Eur J Neurol 2011; 18:106-13. [PMID: 20491891 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND antioxidant vitamins are expected to protect cells from oxidative damage by neutralizing the effects of reactive oxygen species. However, epidemiological evidence regarding the associations between antioxidant vitamin intake and Parkinson's disease (PD) is limited and inconsistent. We investigated the relationship between dietary intake of selected antioxidant vitamins, vegetables and fruit and the risk of PD in Japan using data from a multicenter hospital-based case-control study. METHODS included were 249 patients within 6 years of onset of PD. Controls were 368 inpatients and outpatients without a neurodegenerative disease. Information on dietary factors was collected using a validated self-administered diet history questionnaire. Adjustment was made for sex, age, region of residence, pack-years of smoking, years of education, body mass index, dietary intake of cholesterol, alcohol, total dairy products, and coffee and the dietary glycemic index. RESULTS higher consumption of vitamin E and β-carotene was significantly associated with a reduced risk of PD after adjustment for confounders under study: the adjusted odds ratio in the highest quartile was 0.45 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25-0.79, P for trend = 0.009) for vitamin E and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.33-0.97, P for trend = 0.03) for β-carotene. Stratified by sex, such inverse associations were significant only in women. No material relationships were shown between intake of vitamin C, α-carotene, cryptoxanthin, green and yellow vegetables, other vegetables, or fruit and the risk of PD. CONCLUSIONS higher intake of vitamin E and β-carotene may be associated with a decreased risk of PD.
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Lack of association of dairy food, calcium, and vitamin D intake with the risk of Parkinson's disease: a case-control study in Japan. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2010; 17:112-6. [PMID: 21169048 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Three previous cohort studies in the USA reported that dairy product consumption was significantly associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in men, but not in women. We examined the relationship between consumption of dairy products, calcium, and vitamin D and the risk of PD using data from a multicenter hospital-based case-control study in Japan. Included were 249 cases within 6 years of onset of PD based on the UK PD Society Brain Bank clinical diagnostic criteria. Controls were 368 inpatients and outpatients without a neurodegenerative disease. Information on dietary factors was collected using a validated self-administered diet history questionnaire. Adjustment was made for sex, age, region of residence, pack-years of smoking, years of education, body mass index, and dietary factors including cholesterol, dietary glycemic index, vitamin E, β-carotene, vitamin B(6), caffeine, iron, and alcohol. Total dairy product consumption was not materially associated with the risk of PD (P for trend = 0.62). No evident relationships were observed between intake of milk, yogurt, cheese, or ice cream and the risk of PD (P for trend = 0.75, 0.63, 0.59, and 0.35, respectively). There were no measurable associations between consumption of calcium or vitamin D and PD (P for trend = 0.37 and 0.69, respectively). No significant interactions were observed between the dietary exposures and sex regarding PD. Our results suggest that intake of dairy products, calcium, and vitamin D was not related to PD, regardless of sex. However, such null relationships might be a consequence of PD.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between active and passive smoking and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), a case-control study with 249 PD patients and 369 controls was carried out in Japan. METHODS Information on smoking was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire. Adjustment was made for age, sex, region of residence, educational level, and occupational exposure. RESULTS Ever having smoked cigarettes was associated with a reduced risk of PD [adjusted odds ratio = 0.38; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24-0.59]. Risk for former smokers was intermediate between the high risk for never smokers and the low risk for current smokers. Adjusted odds ratios for former and current smokers were 0.51 (95% CI: 0.32-0.82) and 0.12 (95% CI: 0.05-0.26), respectively. There was an inverse dose-response gradient with pack-years smoked. No significant association was detected for passive smoking exposure. CONCLUSION Our results appear to confirm data from previous epidemiological studies.
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Optic nerve compression and retinal degeneration in Tcirg1 mutant mice lacking the vacuolar-type H-ATPase a3 subunit. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12086. [PMID: 20711468 PMCID: PMC2919411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vacuolar-type proton transporting ATPase (V-ATPase) is involved in the proper development of visual function. Mutations in the Tcirg1 (also known as Atp6V0a3) locus, which encodes the a3 subunit of V-ATPase, cause severe autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO) in humans. ARO is often associated with impaired vision most likely because of nerve compression at the optic canal. We examined the ocular phenotype of mice deficient in Tcirg1 function. Methodology/Principal Findings X-ray microtomography showed narrowed foramina in the skull, suggesting that optic nerve compression occurred in the a3-deficient (Tcirg1−/−) mice. The retina of the mutant mice had normal architecture, but the number of apoptotic cells was increased at 2–3 wks after birth. In the ocular system, the a3 subunit accumulated in the choriocapillary meshwork in uveal tissues. Two other subunit isoforms a1 and a2 accumulated in the retinal photoreceptor layer. We found that the a4 subunit, whose expression has previously been shown to be restricted to several transporting epithelia, was enriched in pigmented epithelial cells of the retina and ciliary bodies. The expression of a4 in the uveal tissue was below the level of detection in wild-type mice, but it was increased in the mutant choriocapillary meshwork, suggesting that compensation may have occurred among the a subunit isoforms in the mutant tissues. Conclusions Our findings suggest that a similar etiology of visual impairment is involved in both humans and mice; thus, a3-deficient mice may provide a suitable model for clinical and diagnostic purposes in cases of ARO.
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Phenotypic spectrum of hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy caused by the SEPT9 R88W mutation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010; 81:94-6. [PMID: 20019224 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2008.168260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA), also known as hereditary brachial plexus neuropathy, has phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Mutations in the septin 9 (SEPT9) gene were recently identified in some HNA patients. The phenotypic spectrum of HNA caused by SEPT9 mutations is not well known. OBJECTIVE To characterise the phenotype of a large family of HNA patients with the SEPT9 R88W mutation. METHODS We report clinical, electrophysiological, neuroimaging and genetic findings of six HNA patients from a Japanese family. RESULTS All 17 neuropathic episodes identified were selectively and asymmetrically distributed in the upper-limb nerves. Severe pain was an initial symptom in 16 episodes (94%). Motor weakness occurred in 15 (88%) and sensory signs in 10 (59%). A minor dysmorphism, hypotelorism, was seen in all. Nerve conduction studies revealed focal demyelination as well as prominent axonal degeneration changes. Needle electromyography revealed chronic neurogenic patterns only in the upper limbs. An MRI study showed a gadolinium-enhanced brachial plexus. The missense mutation c.262C>T; p.R88W was found in exon 2 of SEPT9 in all patients. CONCLUSIONS The SEPT9 R88W mutation in this family causes selective involvement of the brachial plexus and upper-limb nerves. Wider and more universal recognition of clinical hallmarks and genetic counselling are of diagnostic importance for HNA caused by the SEPT9 mutation.
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Pressure dependence of magnetic states in Laves PhaseRCo2(R= Dy, Ho, and Er) compounds probed by XMCD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/190/1/012021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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XMCD spectroscopy on valence fluctuating and heavy fermion compounds in very high magnetic fields up to 40 T. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/190/1/012019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Effect of hydrogenation on the electronic state of metallic La hydrides probed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the LaL-edges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/190/1/012070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported the occurrence of myelitis in patients with atopic disorders (atopic myelitis [AM]). To uncover the spectrum of neural damage associated with atopy, we conducted a cross-sectional nationwide survey of AM and atopy-related peripheral neuritis (APN), including Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS), in individuals with atopic diathesis. METHOD Cases with AM diagnosed between 1996 and 2006 and cases with APN between 2000 and 2006 were collected from all over Japan. Detailed data on 109 patients with AM and 133 patients with APN were collated. RESULTS Patients with APN showed a preponderance of women, higher age at onset, and greater eosinophil counts than patients with AM. Patients with AM most commonly showed cervical cord involvement, whereas patients with APN preferentially exhibited mononeuritis multiplex predominantly affecting the lower limbs. Among patients with AM, motor weakness and muscle atrophy were significantly more frequent in those with bronchial asthma than in those with other atopic disorders. Patients with APN who met the criteria for CSS showed a higher age at onset, higher frequencies of systemic organ involvement, and greater disability than those who did not. Abnormalities suggesting peripheral nervous system involvement were seen in 25.7% of patients with AM, whereas 18.8% of patients with APN had abnormalities indicating CNS involvement. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that atopic dermatitis increased the risk of myelitis, whereas high age at onset and bronchial asthma decreased that risk. CONCLUSIONS Atopy-related neural inflammation multifocally affects CNS and peripheral nervous system tissues. Both preceding atopic disorders and age seem to influence the distribution of neural damage.
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X-ray magnetic circular dichroism of a valence fluctuating state in eu at high magnetic fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:046402. [PMID: 19659375 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.046402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the Eu L edge in two compounds exhibiting valence fluctuation, namely EuNi_{2}(Si_{0.18}Ge_{0.82})_{2} and EuNi_{2}P_{2}, has been investigated at high magnetic fields of up to 40 T. A distinct XMCD peak corresponding to the trivalent state (Eu(3+)), whose ground state is nonmagnetic (J = 0), was observed in addition to the main XMCD peak corresponding to the magnetic (J = 7/2) divalent state (Eu(2+)). This result indicates that the 5d electrons belonging to both valence states are magnetically polarized. It was also found that the ratio P_{5d}(3+)/P_{5d}(2+) between the polarization of 5d electrons (P_{5d}) in the Eu(3+) state and that of Eu(2+) depends on the material. The possible origin of the XMCD and an explanation of the material dependence of P_{5d}(3+)/P_{5d}(2+) are discussed in terms of hybridization between the conduction electrons and the f electrons.
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Storage of Gangliosides GM2 and Fucosyl GM1 in the Kidney of MCC Strain of Mastomys (Praomys coucha). J Biochem 2009; 146:439-47. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvp091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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45
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Abstract
The nascent phagosome progressively establishes an acidic milieu by acquiring a proton pump, the vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase). However, the origin of phagosomal V-ATPase remains poorly understood. We found that phagosomes were enriched with the V-ATPase a3 subunit, which also accumulated in late endosomes and lysosomes. We modified the mouse Tcirg1 locus encoding subunit a3, to express an a3-GFP fusion protein. Live-cell imaging and immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that nascent phagosomes received the a3-GFP from tubular structures extending from lysosomes located in the perinuclear region. Macrophages from a3-deficient mice exhibited impaired acidification of phagosomes and delayed digestion of bacteria. These results show that lysosomal V-ATPase is recruited directly to the phagosomes via tubular lysosomes to establish the acidic environment hostile to pathogens.
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XAS and XMCD study of the influence of annealing on the atomic ordering and magnetism in an NiMnGa alloy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:016002. [PMID: 21817239 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/1/016002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The proper annealing of Ni(51)Mn(28)Ga(21) ribbon alloy gives rise to an increase of the saturation magnetization and of the magnetic order T(C) (up to 20 K) and martensitic transition T(M) (up to 10 K) temperatures. The combined x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) studies indicate that the annealing treatment drives the alloy to a more ordered structure without significantly affecting the local structure in terms of interatomic distances and bonding geometry. By contrast, the annealing strongly affects the near-edge absorption at the Mn K-edge while no effect is observed at either the Ni or Ga K-edge. These results suggest that annealing leads to a modification of the electronic structure of the Mn atoms while that of Ni and Ga atoms remains unvaried. However, strong XMCD signals are detected at both Ni and Ga K-edges whose amplitude increases after annealing. These results point out that despite the change of the magnetic properties of the system being mainly associated with the modification of the electronic properties of the Mn atoms, both Ni and Ga may play a non-negligible role through the polarization of the conduction band.
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UP.64: The Effects of Naftopidil on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms After Radical Prostatectomy. Urology 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2008.08.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Preparation of ortho-para ratio controlled D2 gas for muon-catalyzed fusion. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:053502. [PMID: 18513064 DOI: 10.1063/1.2918538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A negative muon in hydrogen targets, e.g., D2 or D-T mixture, can catalyze nuclear fusions following a series of atomic processes involving muonic hydrogen molecular formation (muon-catalyzed fusion, muCF). The ortho-para state of D2 is a crucial parameter not only for enhancing the fusion rate but also to precisely investigate various muonic atom processes. We have developed a system for controlling and measuring the ortho-para ratio of D2 gas for muCF experiments. We successfully collected para-enriched D2 without using liquid-hydrogen coolant. Ortho-enriched D2 was also obtained by using a catalytic conversion method with a mixture of chromium oxide and alumina. The ortho-para ratio of D2 gas was measured with a compact Raman spectroscopy system. We produced large volume (5-30 l at STP), high-purity (less than ppm high-Z contaminant) D2 targets with a wide range of ortho-para ratios (ortho 20%-99%). By using the ortho-para controlled D2 in muCF experiments, we observed the dependence of muCF phenomena on the ortho-para ratio.
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The Artificial Spermatocole in Cases with Azoospermia. Aktuelle Urol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1060692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Vacuolar-type proton ATPase as regulator of membrane dynamics in multicellular organisms. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2008; 40:53-7. [PMID: 18214654 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-008-9128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acidification inside membrane compartments is a common feature of all eukaryotic cells. The acidic milieu is involved in many physiological processes including secretion, protein processing, and others. However, its cellular relevance has not been well established beyond the results of in vitro studies involving cultured cell systems. In the last decade, human and mouse genetics have revealed that the acidification machinery is implicated in multiple pathophysiological disorders, and thus our understanding of physiological consequences of the defective acidification in multicellular organisms has improved. In invertebrates including Drosophila and nematodes, mutations of V-ATPase were found to lead the development of rather unexpected phenotypes. Studies have suggested that V-ATPase may be involved in membrane fusion and vesicle formation, important processes for membrane trafficking, and have further implied its involvement in cell-cell fusion. This rather novel idea arose from the phenotypes associated with genetic disorders involving V-ATPase genes in various genetic model systems. In this article, we focus and overview the non-classical, beyond proton-pumping function of the vacuolar-type ATPase in exo/endocytic systems.
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