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Díaz P, Malavé C, Zerpa N, Vázquez H, D'Suze G, Montero Y, Castillo C, Alagón A, Sevcik C. IgY pharmacokinetics in rabbits: implications for IgY use as antivenoms. Toxicon 2014; 90:124-33. [PMID: 25111201 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the first study of chicken IgY pharmacokinetics (PK) in rabbits. We measured IgY blood serum concentrations using a specific high sensitivity ELISA method. The fast initial component observed when studying horse Fab, F(ab')2 or IgG was absent from IgY PK. During the first 80 min of observation there was only a single slow exponential decay, which sped up afterward to the point that IgY became undetectable after 216 h of observation; due to this time course, PK parameters were determined with trapezoidal integration. The most significant IgY pharmacokinetic parameters determined were (all presented as medians and their 95% confidence interval): Area Under the Curve = 183.8 (135.2, 221.5) mg·h·L(-1); Distribution volume of the central compartment·[Body Weight (BW)](-1) = 46.0 (21.7, 70.3) mL·kg(-1); Distribution volume in steady state·BW(-1) = 56.8 (44.4, 68.5) mLkg(-1); Mean Residence Time = 40.1 (33.6, 48.5) h; Total plasma clearance·BW(-1) = 1.44 (1.15, 1.66) mL·h(-1)·kg(-1). Anti IgY IgG titers determined by ELISA increased steadily after 72 h, and reached 2560 (1920, 5760) dilution(-1) at 264 h; anti-chicken IgG concentrations rose up to 3.19 (2.31, 6.17) μg/mL in 264 h. Our results show that IgY PK lacks the fast initial decay observed in other PK studies using horse IgG, F(ab')2 or Fab, remains in the body 39.0 (28.7, 47.2) % much as IgG and is ≈3 times more immunogenic that horse IgG in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Díaz
- Laboratory on Cellular Neuropharmacology, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Caridad Malavé
- Unidad de Neurociencias, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Noraida Zerpa
- Unidad de Neurociencias, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Hilda Vázquez
- Instituto de Biotecnología (IBt), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Gina D'Suze
- Laboratory on Cellular Neuropharmacology, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Yuyibeth Montero
- Unidad de Neurociencias, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Cecilia Castillo
- Unidad de Neurociencias, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Alejandro Alagón
- Instituto de Biotecnología (IBt), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Carlos Sevcik
- Laboratory on Cellular Neuropharmacology, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela.
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Felizzola O, Martínez JC, Zerpa N, Malavé C. Production and evaluation of chicken antibodies against a synthetic peptide from glial growth factor. Invest Clin 2013; 54:257-269. [PMID: 24354240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuregulins (NRG) are proteins that belong to the family of epidermal growth factors. It is well established that these factors are essential for the development and maintenance of the nervous system. Due to the difficulty of purifying enough quantities of these factors and the lack of specificity from commercially available antibodies, the aim of this work was to produce antibodies against a synthetic peptide capable to detect and identify neuregulin GGFbeta isoforms. To accomplish this goal, polyclonal antibodies were raised in hens against a synthetic peptide designed from the GGFbeta1 extracellular sequence. The sequence analysis was made using different epitope-predicting programs. Our results showed that the peptide sequence selected was immunogenic because it was capable of inducing a specific type B immune response in the experimental animal model. These antibodies were also capable of recognizing a recombinant GGF protein and GGF isoforms present in different samples. Our results suggest that the development of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) using synthetic peptides represents, a valuable tool for neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Felizzola
- Centro de Biociencias y Medicina Molecular, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados-IDEA, Apartado 17606, Caracas 1015-A, Venezuela
| | - Juan Carlos Martínez
- Centro de Biociencias y Medicina Molecular, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados-IDEA, Apartado 17606, Caracas 1015-A, Venezuela
| | - Noraida Zerpa
- Centro de Biociencias y Medicina Molecular, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados-IDEA, Apartado 17606, Caracas 1015-A, Venezuela
| | - Caridad Malavé
- Centro de Biociencias y Medicina Molecular, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados-IDEA, Apartado 17606, Caracas 1015-A, Venezuela
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Alvarez A, Montero Y, Jimenez E, Zerpa N, Parrilla P, Malavé C. IgY antibodies anti-Tityus caripitensis venom: purification and neutralization efficacy. Toxicon 2013; 74:208-14. [PMID: 23994592 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tityus caripitensis is responsible for most of scorpion stings related to human incidents in Northeastern Venezuela. The only treatment for scorpion envenomation is immunotherapy based on administration of scorpion anti-venom produced in horses. Avian antibodies (IgY) isolated from chicken egg yolks represent a new alternative to be applied as anti-venom therapy. For this reason, we produced IgY antibodies against T. caripitensis scorpion venom and evaluated its neutralizing capacity. The anti-scorpion venom antibodies were purified by precipitation techniques with polyethylene glycol and evaluated by Multiple Antigen Blot Assay (MABA), an indirect ELISA, and Western blot assays. The lethality neutralization was evaluated by preincubating the venom together with the anti-venom prior to testing. The IgY immunoreactivity was demonstrated by a dose-dependent inhibition in Western blot assays where antibodies pre-absorbed with the venom did not recognize the venom proteins from T. caripitensis. The anti-venom was effective in neutralizing 2LD50 doses of T. caripitensis venom (97.8 mg of IgY neutralized 1 mg of T. caripitensis venom). Our results support the future use of avian anti-scorpion venom as an alternative to conventional equine anti-venom therapy in our country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Alvarez
- Centro de Biociencias y Medicina Molecular, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados-IDEA, Apartado 17606, Caracas 1015-A, Venezuela
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Garcia-Marchan Y, Sojo F, Rodriguez E, Zerpa N, Malave C, Galindo-Castro I, Salerno M, Benaim G. Trypanosoma cruzi calmodulin: cloning, expression and characterization. Exp Parasitol 2009; 123:326-33. [PMID: 19703447 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have cloned and expressed calmodulin (CaM) from Trypanosoma cruzi, for the first time, to obtain large amounts of protein. CaM is a very well conserved protein throughout evolution, sharing 100% amino acid sequence identity between different vertebrates and 99% between trypanosomatids. However, there is 89% amino acid sequence identity between T. cruzi and vertebrate CaMs. The results demonstrate significant differences between calmodulin from T. cruzi and mammals. First, a polyclonal antibody developed in an egg-yolk system to the T. cruzi CaM recognizes the autologous CaM but not the CaM from rat. Second, it undergoes a larger increase in the alpha-helix content upon binding with Ca(2+), when compared to CaM from vertebrates. Finally, two classic CaM antagonists, calmidazolium and trifluoperazine, capable of inhibiting the action of CaM in mammals when assayed on the plasma membrane Ca(2+) pump, showed a significant loss of activity when assayed upon stimulation with the T. cruzi CaM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Garcia-Marchan
- Centro de Biociencias y Medicina Molecular, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1080, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
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Zerpa N, Pabón R, Wide A, Gavidia M, Medina M, Cáceres JL, Capaldo J, Baker M, Noya O. Evaluation of the OptiMAL test for diagnosis of malaria in Venezuela. Invest Clin 2008; 49:93-101. [PMID: 18524335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the OptiMAL rapid dipstick test by comparing it with the conventional standard thick-blood film method, for the detection of malaria in two groups of individuals from different Venezuelan endemic areas. One of the groups consisted of individuals with malaria-like symptoms (n = 113) and the other of asymptomatic individuals (n = 89). The classical microscopy analysis of these populations determined that 67.5% were infected with P. vivax, 31.3% with P. falciparum, and 1.2% with mixed infections. The OptiMAL test showed 96.4% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 97.5% negative predictive value and optimal concordance (kappa = 0.97), capable of detecting any malaria infection in the evaluated population. However, these parameters were lower when the parasitaemia was < or = 300 parasites/microL. Freezing of the samples did not affect the sensitivity and specificity of the test. We concluded that this rapid malaria test is sensitive and specific for rapid diagnosis of malaria in the field and it is a complement to conventional microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noraida Zerpa
- Fundación Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Centro de Biociencias, Sartenejas, Caracas, Venezuela.
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Wide A, Capaldo J, Zerpa N, Pabon R, Noda A, Noya B, González J, Noya O. Sharing of antigens between Plasmodium falciparum and Anopheles albimanus. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2006; 48:327-32. [PMID: 17221129 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652006000600005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2004] [Accepted: 06/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of common antigens between Plasmodium falciparum and Anopheles albimanus was demonstrated. Different groups of rabbits were immunized with: crude extract from female An. albimanus (EAaF), red blood cells infected with Plasmodium falciparum (EPfs), and the SPf66 synthetic malaria vaccine. The rabbit's polyclonal antibodies were evaluated by ELISA, Multiple Antigen Blot Assay (MABA), and immunoblotting. All extracts were immunogenic in rabbits according to these three techniques, when they were evaluated against the homologous antigens. Ten molecules were identified in female mosquitoes and also in P. falciparum antigens by the autologous sera. The electrophoretic pattern by SDS-PAGE was different for the three antigens evaluated. Cross-reactions between An. albimanus and P. falciparum were found by ELISA, MABA, and immunoblotting. Anti-P. falciparum and anti-SPf66 antibodies recognized ten and five components in the EAaF crude extract, respectively. Likewise, immune sera against female An. albimanus identified four molecules in the P. falciparum extract antigen. As far as we know, this is the first work that demonstrates shared antigens between anophelines and malaria parasites. This finding could be useful for diagnosis, vaccines, and the study of physiology of the immune response to malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina Wide
- Cátedra de Parasitología, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina Luiz Razetti, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Los Chaguaramos 1041-A, Caracas, Venezuela.
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Noya O, de Noya BA, Ballén D, Zerpa N, Colmenares C, Losada S, Bermúdez H. Use of synthetic peptides derived from adult worm proteins of Schistosoma mansoni, in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1999; 93 Suppl 1:157-8. [PMID: 9921338 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02761998000700022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O Noya
- Sección de Biohelmintiasis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
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Abstract
Anopheles albimanus is one of the main vectors of malaria in Central America and the Caribbean, based on its importance, there are previous reports of the successful colonization of this species in Latin America countries. Mosquitoes were collected in the Aragua State of Venezuela colonized in the laboratory, using a simple and efficient maintenance method. Based on life table calculations under well established laboratory conditions, the Survival Rate Probability was constant and always close to 1 in immature stages, the Reproductive Net Rate (Ro) was 3.83, the generation time (Tc) was 24.5 days and the Intrinsic Growth Rate (rm) was 0.0558. This is the first report of the colonization of A. albimanus in Venezuela.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zerpa
- Laboratório para Estudios Sobre Malaria, Escuela de Malariologia, Dr. Arnoldo Gabaldón, Venezuela
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Noya O, Gabaldón Berti Y, Alarcón de Noya B, Borges R, Zerpa N, Urbáez JD, Madonna A, Garrido E, Jimenéz MA, Borges RE. A population-based clinical trial with the SPf66 synthetic Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine in Venezuela. J Infect Dis 1994; 170:396-402. [PMID: 8035026 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/170.2.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A phase III malaria vaccine trial in 13 villages in an endemic area, South Venezuela, compared incidence rates of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections in 1422 vaccinated and 938 nonvaccinated subjects over 18 months. The SPf66 vaccine was given in three doses, on days 0, 20, and 112. Vaccination was complete in 976 subjects (68.7%). Minor side effects requiring no treatment were reported by 123 (12.6%), with an apparent increase in frequency from the first to the third vaccine dose. No autoimmune evidence was observed in a sample of subjects. Antibodies against SPf66 were present at low titers in 24.7% of tested subjects before vaccination, increasing to 53.6% after the second dose and to 73.6% after the third dose; 26.4% of subjects initially seronegative never seroconverted. The SPf66 malaria vaccine showed a protective efficacy of 55% (95% confidence interval, 21%-75%) against P. falciparum and of 41% (19%-57%) against P. vivax malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Noya
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas
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