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Satoto G, Fernandes AS, Saraiva N, Santos F, Neng N, Nogueira JM, Santos de Almeida T, Araujo ME. An Overview on the Properties of Ximenia Oil Used as Cosmetic in Angola. Biomolecules 2019; 10:biom10010018. [PMID: 31877674 PMCID: PMC7023159 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ximenia (Ximenia americana L.) is a shrub, or small tree, native from Africa and spread across different continents. In Angola, the seeds oil is used by local populations, to prevent sunburn, to smooth and hydrate the skin, and to give it a pleasant color and elasticity, to prevent stretch marks, in pregnant woman, and also as hair conditioner. Herein, an oil sold in the region (LPO), and two others extracted in laboratory, from seeds collected in the same region, were investigated in terms of their composition, chemical properties, UV transmission. The three oils are similar although the LPO is more acidic, 0.48 mg KOH/g. GC-MS analysis indicated that the major components are the fatty acids, oleic (31.82%), nervonic (11.09%), ximenic (10.22%), and hexacosa-17,20,23-trienoic acids (14.59%). Long chain fatty acids, n ≥ 20, accounted for 51.1% of the total fatty acids. A thin film of the oil showed a reduction in transmittance from 200 to 300 nm. Viscosity studies of the LPO indicated that at normal temperature of skin, the oil can be spread over the skin as a thin film. At concentrations up to 10 µg/mL, the LPO is not toxic to human keratinocytes, suggesting the safety of this oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Satoto
- CQB, CQE, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.S.); (F.S.); (N.N.); (J.M.N.)
| | - Ana Sofia Fernandes
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.S.F.); (N.S.); (T.S.d.A.)
| | - Nuno Saraiva
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.S.F.); (N.S.); (T.S.d.A.)
| | - Fernando Santos
- CQB, CQE, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.S.); (F.S.); (N.N.); (J.M.N.)
| | - Nuno Neng
- CQB, CQE, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.S.); (F.S.); (N.N.); (J.M.N.)
| | - José Manuel Nogueira
- CQB, CQE, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.S.); (F.S.); (N.N.); (J.M.N.)
| | - Tânia Santos de Almeida
- CBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.S.F.); (N.S.); (T.S.d.A.)
| | - Maria Eduarda Araujo
- CQB, CQE, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.S.); (F.S.); (N.N.); (J.M.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Gaspar H, Cutignano A, Grauso L, Neng N, Cachatra V, Fontana A, Xavier J, Cerejo M, Vieira H, Santos S. Erylusamides: Novel Atypical Glycolipids from Erylus cf. deficiens. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14100179. [PMID: 27727161 PMCID: PMC5082327 DOI: 10.3390/md14100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among marine organisms, sponges are the richest sources of pharmacologically-active compounds. Stemming from a previous lead discovery program that gathered a comprehensive library of organic extracts of marine sponges from the off-shore region of Portugal, crude extracts of Erylus cf. deficiens collected in the Gorringe Bank (Atlantic Ocean) were tested in the innovative high throughput screening (HTS) assay for inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and showed activity. Bioassay guided fractionation of the dichloromethane extract led to the isolation of four new glycolipids, named erylusamide A–D. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) and chemical derivatization. The metabolites shared a pentasaccharide moiety constituted by unusual highly acetylated d-glucose moieties as well as d-xylose and d-galactose. The aglycones were unprecedented long chain dihydroxyketo amides. Erylusamides A, B and D differ in the length of the hydrocarbon chain, while erylusamide C is a structural isomer of erylusamide B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Gaspar
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
- MARE-Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
| | - Adele Cutignano
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli (NA) 80078, Italy.
| | - Laura Grauso
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli (NA) 80078, Italy.
| | - Nuno Neng
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
| | - Vasco Cachatra
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
| | - Angelo Fontana
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli (NA) 80078, Italy.
| | - Joana Xavier
- Department of Biology and Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, Bergen N-5020, Norway.
| | - Marta Cerejo
- Research & Innovation Accelerator, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal.
| | - Helena Vieira
- BioISI, Instituto de Biociências e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
| | - Susana Santos
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
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Vizetto-Duarte C, Custódio L, Gangadhar KN, Lago JHG, Dias C, Matos AM, Neng N, Nogueira JMF, Barreira L, Albericio F, Rauter AP, Varela J. Isololiolide, a carotenoid metabolite isolated from the brown alga Cystoseira tamariscifolia, is cytotoxic and able to induce apoptosis in hepatocarcinoma cells through caspase-3 activation, decreased Bcl-2 levels, increased p53 expression and PARP cleavage. Phytomedicine 2016; 23:550-7. [PMID: 27064014 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brown macroalgae have attracted attention because they display a wide range of biological activities, including antitumoral properties. Inthis study we isolated isololiolide from Cystoseira tamariscifolia for the first time. PURPOSE To examine the therapeutical potential of isololiolide against tumor cell lines. METHODS/STUDY DESIGN The structure of the compound was established and confirmed by 1D and 2D NMR as well as HRMS spectral analysis. The in vitro cytotoxicity was analyzed by colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay in tumoral as well as in non-tumoral cell lines. Cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. Alteration of expression levels in proteins important in the apoptotic cascade was analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS Isololiolidewas isolated for the first time from the brown macroalga C.tamariscifolia. Isololiolide exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against three human tumoral cell lines, namely hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells, whereas no cytotoxicity was found in non-malignant MRC-5 and HFF-1 human fibroblasts. Isololiolide completely disrupted the HepG2 normal cell cycle and induced significant apoptosis. Moreover, western blot analysis showed that isololiolide altered the expression of proteins that are important in the apoptotic cascade, increasing PARP cleavage and p53 expression while decreasing procaspase-3 and Bcl-2 levels. CONCLUSION Isololiolide isolated from C. tamariscifolia is able to exert a selective cytotoxic activity on hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells as well as induce apoptosis through the modulation of apoptosis-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Vizetto-Duarte
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Katkam N Gangadhar
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - João Henrique G Lago
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 09972-270, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Catarina Dias
- Center of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Ed. C8, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Marta Matos
- Center of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Ed. C8, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Neng
- Center of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Ed. C8, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Florêncio Nogueira
- Center of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Ed. C8, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa Barreira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Department of Organic Chemistry, Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amelia P Rauter
- Center of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Ed. C8, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Varela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
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Serrano C, Matos O, Teixeira B, Ramos C, Neng N, Nogueira J, Nunes ML, Marques A. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Satureja montana L. extracts. J Sci Food Agric 2011; 91:1554-1560. [PMID: 21445865 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of extracts (aqueous, ethanolic and essential oil) from Satureja montana and to characterise the chemical composition of its essential oil. RESULTS Satureja montana L. essential oil had relatively high antimicrobial activities against the seven species of bacteria tested. In contrast, aqueous extracts did not reveal antibacterial activity, and the ethanol extract was not effective against Salmonella typhimurium. The major volatile constituents of the essential oil were carvacrol (306 g L(-1)), thymol (141 g L(-1)), and carvacrol methyl ether (63 g L(-1)). The strongest antioxidant capacity was obtained with the hot water extracts of S. montana, whereas the plant essential oil revealed the highest phenolic content. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that the bioactive extracts of S. montana have strong potential for use as natural antimicrobials and antioxidants in the preservation of processed food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmo Serrano
- Research Unit of Food Technology, National Institute of Biological Resources (INRB, I.P./INIA), Quinta do Marquês, Avenida da República, Nova Oeiras, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
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Custódio L, Escapa AL, Fernandes E, Fajardo A, Aligué R, Alberício F, Neng N, Nogueira JMF, Romano A. Phytochemical profile, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) germ flour extracts. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2011; 66:78-84. [PMID: 21399924 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-011-0214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the phytochemical content and to determine the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of methanol extracts of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) germ flour. The extracts were rich in phenolic compounds, had considerable antioxidant activity, and reduced the viability of cervical (HeLa) cancer cells. The chemical content and the biological activities of the extracts were significantly affected by gender and cultivar. Female cultivar Galhosa had the highest levels of phenolic compounds, and the highest antioxidant activity. Extracts from the hermaphrodite trees and from the female cultivars Galhosa and Costela/Canela exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity. The most abundant compound was theophylline. The phenolic content was correlated to both antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Our findings provide new knowledge about the health implications of consuming food supplemented with carob germ flour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Custódio
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology (IBB/CGB), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
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