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A'yun Q, Susilo RJK, Hayaza S, Fikriyah N, Musthoza FS, Islamatasya U, Rohmatika AU, Winarni D, Wahyuningsih SPA, Doong RA, Karsari D, Yanti AD, Fahmi MZ, Darmanto W. The Effect of G. applanatum Crude Polysaccharide Extract on Proinflammatory Cytokines and Proapoptotic Caspases in HeLa Cell Line: An In Vitro Study. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2023; 2023:3593295. [PMID: 37767520 PMCID: PMC10522430 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3593295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide extracts exhibit promise as potential anticancer agents. Among the fungi rich in polysaccharide content, G. applanatum stands out; however, its anticancer activity necessitates further investigation. This study aims to explore the impact of G. applanatum crude polysaccharide (GACP) extract by assessing its effects on cell viability, levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12, and levels of proapoptotic markers including caspase-3 and caspase-9, as well as the percentages of necrosis and apoptosis in the HeLa cell line. Employing the HeLa cell line as a research model, four groups were studied: KN (media and DMSO), K+ (doxorubicin 10 μg/mL), P1 (G. applanatum extract 200 μg/mL), and P2 (G. applanatum extract 400 μg/mL). The G. applanatum extract was obtained via boiling distilled water. Anticancer activity was evaluated through the MTT test (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) conducted over three treatment durations (24, 48, and 72 hours). Cytokine levels and caspase-3 and caspase-9 levels were assessed using the ELISA test. Cell apoptosis was determined using the Annexin V-PI biomarker and analyzed through flow cytometry. The MTT test exhibited optimal results at the 48-hour treatment mark. Cytokine level analysis revealed significant reductions in TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12 levels (p < 0.005). Concurrently, caspase-3 and caspase-9 levels exhibited substantial increases (p < 0.005). Flow cytometry highlighted the highest percentage of apoptosis in HeLa cells. In conclusion, G. applanatum's polysaccharide extract demonstrates potential as an anticancer and therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qurrotu A'yun
- Magister Program in Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Raden Joko Kuncoroningrat Susilo
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Advance Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Suhailah Hayaza
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Advance Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Nur'aini Fikriyah
- Magister Program in Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Fina Syifa'una Musthoza
- Magister Program in Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Ufairanisa Islamatasya
- Magister Program in Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Aulia Umi Rohmatika
- Magister Program in Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Winarni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | | | - Ruey-an Doong
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Sec. 2 Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Deya Karsari
- Stem Cell Research and Development Center, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Aristika Dinar Yanti
- Stem Cell Research and Development Center, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Zakki Fahmi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Win Darmanto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Institute of Science Technology and Health, Jombang 61419, Indonesia
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