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Okamoto S, Sato T, Tateyama M, Kageyama H, Maejima Y, Nakata M, Hirako S, Matsuo T, Kyaw S, Shiuchi T, Toda C, Sedbazar U, Saito K, Asgar NF, Zhang B, Yokota S, Kobayashi K, Foufelle F, Ferré P, Nakazato M, Masuzaki H, Shioda S, Yada T, Kahn BB, Minokoshi Y. Activation of AMPK-Regulated CRH Neurons in the PVH is Sufficient and Necessary to Induce Dietary Preference for Carbohydrate over Fat. Cell Rep 2019; 22:706-721. [PMID: 29346768 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Food selection is essential for metabolic homeostasis and is influenced by nutritional state, food palatability, and social factors such as stress. However, the mechanism responsible for selection between a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) and a high-fat diet (HFD) remains unknown. Here, we show that activation of a subset of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-positive neurons in the rostral region of the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) induces selection of an HCD over an HFD in mice during refeeding after fasting, resulting in a rapid recovery from the change in ketone metabolism. These neurons manifest activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) during food deprivation, and this activation is necessary and sufficient for selection of an HCD over an HFD. Furthermore, this effect is mediated by carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1c (CPT1c). Thus, our results identify the specific neurons and intracellular signaling pathway responsible for regulation of the complex behavior of selection between an HCD and an HFD. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiki Okamoto
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Second Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Michihiro Tateyama
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Division of Biophysics and Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Haruaki Kageyama
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, 606-7 Kasakake-cho Azami, Midori, Gunma 379-2392, Japan
| | - Yuko Maejima
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakata
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirako
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, 1288 Magome, Iwatsuki-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 339-8539, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Sanda Kyaw
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Department of Physiology, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Tetsuya Shiuchi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Chitoku Toda
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Udval Sedbazar
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kumiko Saito
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Nur Farehan Asgar
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Yokota
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Fabienne Foufelle
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Ferré
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Masamitsu Nakazato
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Division of Peptide Drug Innovation, Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yada
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Barbara B Kahn
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yasuhiko Minokoshi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
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Okamoto S, Asgar NF, Yokota S, Saito K, Minokoshi Y. Role of the α2 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase and its nuclear localization in mitochondria and energy metabolism-related gene expressions in C2C12 cells. Metabolism 2019; 90:52-68. [PMID: 30359677 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a heterotrimer with α1 or α2 catalytic subunits, acts as an energy sensor and regulates cellular homeostasis. Whereas AMPKα1 is necessary for myogenesis in skeletal muscle, the role of AMPKα2 in myogenic differentiation and energy metabolism-related gene expressions has remained unclear. We here examined the specific roles of AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 in the myogenic differentiation and mitochondria and energy metabolism-related gene expressions in C2C12 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stable C2C12 cell lines expressing a scramble short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or shRNAs specific for AMPKα1 (shAMPKα1), AMPKα2 (shAMPKα2), or both AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 (shPanAMPK) were generated by lentivirus infection. Lentiviruses encoding wild-type AMPKα2 (WT-AMPKα2) or AMPKα2 with a mutated nuclear localization signal (ΔNLS-AMPKα2) were also constructed for introduction into myoblasts. Myogenesis was induced by culture of C2C12 myoblasts for 6 days in differentiation medium. RESULTS The amount of AMPKα2 increased progressively, whereas that of AMPKα1 remained constant, during the differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes. Expression of shPanAMPK or shAMPKα1, but not that of shAMPKα2, attenuated the proliferation of myoblasts as well as the phosphorylation of both acetyl-CoA carboxylase and the autophagy-initiating kinase ULK1 in myotubes. Up-regulation of myogenin mRNA, a marker for the middle stage of myogenesis, was attenuated in differentiating myotubes expressing shPanAMPK or shAMPKα1. In contrast, up-regulation of gene expression for muscle creatine kinase (MCK), a late-stage differentiation marker, as well as for genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis including the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α1 and α4 (PGC-1α1 and PGC-1α4) and mitochondria-specific genes such as cytochrome c were attenuated in myotubes expressing shAMPKα2 or shPanAMPK. The diameter of myotubes expressing shPanAMPK or shAMPKα2 was reduced, whereas that of those expressing shAMPKα1 was increased, compared with myotubes expressing scramble shRNA. A portion of AMPKα2 became localized to the nucleus during myogenic differentiation. The AMPK activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) and 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) each induced the nuclear translocation of WT-AMPKα2, but not that of ΔNLS-AMPKα2. Finally, expression of WT-AMPKα2 increased the mRNA abundance of PGC-1α1 and MCK mRNAs as well as cell diameter and tended to increase that of PGC-1α4, whereas that of ΔNLS-AMPKα2 increased only the abundance of MCK mRNA, in myotubes depleted of endogenous AMPKα2. CONCLUSION TAMPKα1 and AMPKα2 have distinct roles in myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells, with AMPKα1 contributing to the middle stage of myogenesis and AMPKα2 to the late stage. AMPKα2 regulates gene expressions including MCK, PGC-1α1 and PGC-1α4 and mitochondria-specific genes such as cytochrome c during the late stage of differentiation. Furthermore, the nuclear translocation of AMPKα2 is necessary for maintenance of PGC-1α1 mRNA during myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiki Okamoto
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Second Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Nur Farehan Asgar
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Yokota
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kumiko Saito
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Minokoshi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
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