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Linnemann B, Blank W, Doenst T, Erbel C, Isfort P, Janssens U, Kalka C, Klamroth R, Kotzerke J, Ley S, Meyer J, Mühlberg K, Müller OJ, Noppeney T, Opitz C, Riess H, Solomayer EF, Volk T, Beyer-Westendorf J. Diagnostics and Therapy of Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism. The revised AWMF S2k Guideline. VASA 2023; 52:1-146. [PMID: 37904504 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a001089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
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Zaradzki M, Mohr F, Lont S, Soethoff J, Remes A, Arif R, Müller OJ, Karck M, Hecker M, Wagner AH. Short-term rapamycin treatment increases life span and attenuates aortic aneurysm in a murine model of Marfan-Syndrome. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115280. [PMID: 36198355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disorder leading to medial aortic degeneration and life-limiting dissections. To date, there is no causal prevention or therapy. Rapamycin is a potent and selective inhibitor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein kinase, regulating cell growth and metabolism. The mgR/mgR mice represent an accepted MFS model for studying aortic pathologies to understand the underlying molecular pathomechanisms. This study investigated whether rapamycin inhibits the development of thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections in mgR/mgR mice. METHODS Isolated primary aortic smooth muscle cells (mAoSMCs) from mgR/mgR mice were used for in vitro studies. Two mg kg/BW rapamycin was injected intraperitoneally daily for two weeks, beginning at 7-8 weeks of age. Mice were sacrificed 30 days post-treatment. Histopathological and immunofluorescence analyses were performed using adequate tissue specimens and techniques. Animal survival was evaluated accompanied by periodic echocardiographic examinations of the aorta. RESULTS The protein level of the phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (p-RPS6), a downstream target of mTOR, was significantly increased in the aortic tissue of mgR/mgR mice. In mAoSMCs isolated from these animals, expression of mTOR, p-RPS6, tumour necrosis factor α, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 was significantly suppressed by rapamycin, demonstrating its anti-inflammatory capacity. Short-term rapamycin treatment of Marfan mice was associated with delayed aneurysm formation, medial aortic elastolysis and improved survival. CONCLUSIONS Short-term rapamycin-mediated mTOR inhibition significantly reduces aortic aneurysm formation and thus increases survival in mgR/mgR mice. Our results may offer the first causal treatment option to prevent aortic complications in MFS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zaradzki
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Mohr
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Lont
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Soethoff
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Remes
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - R Arif
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - M Karck
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A H Wagner
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Müller OJ. [64/m-Pain in the calves after 150 m walking distance : Preparation for the medical specialist examination: part 142]. Internist (Berl) 2022; 63:242-246. [PMID: 35301547 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-022-01300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O J Müller
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III mit den Schwerpunkten Kardiologie, Angiologie und internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus K3, 24105, Kiel, Deutschland.
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Müller OJ, Baldus CD. [Treatment recommendations in cardio-oncology: where are we?]. Internist (Berl) 2020; 61:1125-1131. [PMID: 33025122 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-020-00886-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of current prevention and treatment options for typical cardiovascular side effects of oncological therapies as well as cardiovascular complications of malignant disease. Focus is put on the prevention and treatment of heart failure under potentially cardiotoxic cancer therapies. In addition, current options for the treatment of common venous thromboembolism in cancer patients will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Müller
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III (Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Deutschland.
| | - C D Baldus
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II (Hämatologie, Onkologie), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Deutschland. .,Universitäres Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein (UCCSH), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Deutschland.
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Wagner AH, Zaradzki M, Arif R, Remes A, Müller OJ, Kallenbach K. Marfan syndrome: A therapeutic challenge for long-term care. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 164:53-63. [PMID: 30926475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene. Acute aortic dissection is the leading cause of death in patients suffering from MFS and consequence of medial degeneration and aneurysm formation. In addition to its structural function in the formation of elastic fibers, fibrillin has a major role in keeping maintaining transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in an inactive form. Dysfunctional fibrillin increases TGF-β bioavailability and concentration in the extracellular matrix, leading to activation of proinflammatory transcription factors. In turn, these events cause increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases and cytokines that control the migration and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the aorta. Moreover, TGF-β causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species leading to further degradation of elastin fibers. All these processes result in medial elastolysis, which increases the risk of vascular complications. Although MFS is a hereditary disease, symptoms and traits are usually not noticeable at birth. During childhood or adolescence affected individuals present with severe tissue weaknesses, especially in the aorta, heart, eyes, and skeleton. Considering this, even young patients should avoid activities that exert additional stress and pressure on the aorta and the cardiovascular system. Thus, if the diagnosis is made and prophylactic treatment is initiated in a timely fashion, MFS and its preliminary pathophysiologic vascular remodeling can be successfully ameliorated reducing the risk of life-threatening complications. This commentary focuses on new research opportunities and molecular findings on MFS, discusses future challenges and possible long-term therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Wagner
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Germany.
| | - M Zaradzki
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Arif
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Remes
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - O J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - K Kallenbach
- INCCI HaerzZenter, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Schwab DM, Tilemann L, Bauer R, Heckmann M, Jungmann A, Wagner M, Burgis J, Vettel C, Katus HA, El-Armouche A, Müller OJ. AAV-9 mediated phosphatase-1 inhibitor-1 overexpression improves cardiac contractility in unchallenged mice but is deleterious in pressure-overload. Gene Ther 2018; 25:13-19. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Müller OJ, Sternitzky R. Klug-entscheiden-Empfehlungen in der Angiologie. Internist (Berl) 2017; 58:532-538. [DOI: 10.1007/s00108-017-0252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Trepel M, Körbelin J, Spies E, Heckmann MB, Hunger A, Fehse B, Katus HA, Kleinschmidt JA, Müller OJ, Michelfelder S. Erratum: Treatment of multifocal breast cancer by systemic delivery of dual-targeted adeno-associated viral vectors. Gene Ther 2015; 22:848. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2015.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hofmann KP, Katz S, Herzig S, Nawroth PP, Kroll J, Peters V, Gröne HJ, Müller OJ, Backs J. Die Rolle oxidierter CaM Kinase II bei diabetischer Nephropathie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Weber C, Neacsu I, Krautz B, Schlegel P, Sauer S, Raake P, Ritterhoff J, Jungmann A, Remppis AB, Stangassinger M, Koch WJ, Katus HA, Müller OJ, Most P, Pleger ST. Therapeutic safety of high myocardial expression levels of the molecular inotrope S100A1 in a preclinical heart failure model. Gene Ther 2013; 21:131-8. [PMID: 24305416 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2013.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Low levels of the molecular inotrope S100A1 are sufficient to rescue post-ischemic heart failure (HF). As a prerequisite to clinical application and to determine the safety of myocardial S100A1 DNA-based therapy, we investigated the effects of high myocardial S100A1 expression levels on the cardiac contractile function and occurrence of arrhythmia in a preclinical large animal HF model. At 2 weeks after myocardial infarction domestic pigs presented significant left ventricular (LV) contractile dysfunction. Retrograde application of AAV6-S100A1 (1.5 × 10(13) tvp) via the anterior cardiac vein (ACV) resulted in high-level myocardial S100A1 protein peak expression of up to 95-fold above control. At 14 weeks, pigs with high-level myocardial S100A1 protein overexpression did not show abnormalities in the electrocardiogram. Electrophysiological right ventricular stimulation ruled out an increased susceptibility to monomorphic ventricular arrhythmia. High-level S100A1 protein overexpression in the LV myocardium resulted in a significant increase in LV ejection fraction (LVEF), albeit to a lesser extent than previously reported with low S100A1 protein overexpression. Cardiac remodeling was, however, equally reversed. High myocardial S100A1 protein overexpression neither increases the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmia nor causes detrimental effects on myocardial contractile function in vivo. In contrast, this study demonstrates a broad therapeutic range of S100A1 gene therapy in post-ischemic HF using a preclinical large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Weber
- 1] Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Neacsu
- 1] Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Krautz
- 1] Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Schlegel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Sauer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Raake
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Ritterhoff
- 1] Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Jungmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A B Remppis
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Stangassinger
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - W J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H A Katus
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany [2] Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-/Kreislaufforschung, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Most
- 1] Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany [3] Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-/Kreislaufforschung, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany [4] Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S T Pleger
- 1] Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
To elucidate the pathogenesis of macrovascular disease in diabetes, animal models are widely used. Diabetic mice are of particular interest because they can be crossed to knockout mice lacking specific genes that are under consideration to contribute to diabetic vascular complications. However, the mouse is relative resistant to develop atherosclerosis. Therefore, we review some commonly used mouse models and discuss their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Müller
- Department of Cardiology, UniversityHospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Geisler A, Jungmann A, Kurreck J, Poller W, Katus HA, Vetter R, Fechner H, Müller OJ. microRNA122-regulated transgene expression increases specificity of cardiac gene transfer upon intravenous delivery of AAV9 vectors. Gene Ther 2010; 18:199-209. [PMID: 21048795 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2010.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors with capsids of AAV serotype 9 enable an efficient transduction of the heart upon intravenous injection of adult mice but also transduce the liver. The aim of this study was to improve specificity of AAV9 vector-mediated cardiac gene transfer by microRNA (miR)-dependent control of transgene expression. We constructed plasmids and AAV vectors containing target sites (TSs) of liver-specific miR122, miR192 and miR148a in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of a luciferase expression cassette. Luciferase expression was efficiently suppressed in liver cell lines expressing high levels of the corresponding miRs, whereas luciferase expression was unaffected in cardiac myocytes. Intravenous injections of AAV9 vectors bearing three repeats of miR122 TS in the 3'UTR of an enhanced green fluorescent expression (EGFP) expression cassette resulted in the absence of EGFP expression in the liver of adult mice, whereas the control vectors without miR TS displayed significant hepatic EGFP expression. EGFP expression levels in the heart, however, were comparable between miR122-regulated and control vectors. The liver-specific de-targeting in vivo using miR122 was even more efficient than transcriptional targeting with a cardiac cytomegalovirus (CMV)-enhanced myosin light chain (MLC) promoter. These data indicate that miR-regulated targeting is a powerful new tool to further improve cardiospecificity of AAV9 vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Geisler
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, Germany
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Kern A, Schmidt K, Leder C, Müller OJ, Wobus CE, Bettinger K, Von der Lieth CW, King JA, Kleinschmidt JA. Identification of a heparin-binding motif on adeno-associated virus type 2 capsids. J Virol 2003; 77:11072-81. [PMID: 14512555 PMCID: PMC224995 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.20.11072-11081.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of cells with adeno-associated virus (AAV) type 2 (AAV-2) is mediated by binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycan and can be competed by heparin. Mutational analysis of AAV-2 capsid proteins showed that a group of basic amino acids (arginines 484, 487, 585, and 588 and lysine 532) contribute to heparin and HeLa cell binding. These amino acids are positioned in three clusters at the threefold spike region of the AAV-2 capsid. According to the recently resolved atomic structure for AAV-2, arginines 484 and 487 and lysine 532 on one site and arginines 585 and 588 on the other site belong to different capsid protein subunits. These data suggest that the formation of the heparin-binding motifs depends on the correct assembly of VP trimers or even of capsids. In contrast, arginine 475, which also strongly reduces heparin binding as well as viral infectivity upon mutation to alanine, is located inside the capsid structure at the border of adjacent VP subunits and most likely influences heparin binding indirectly by disturbing correct subunit assembly. Computer simulation of heparin docking to the AAV-2 capsid suggests that heparin associates with the three basic clusters along a channel-like cavity flanked by the basic amino acids. With few exceptions, mutant infectivities correlated with their heparin- and cell-binding properties. The tissue distribution in mice of recombinant AAV-2 mutated in R484 and R585 indicated markedly reduced infection of the liver, compared to infection with wild-type recombinant AAV, but continued infection of the heart. These results suggest that although heparin binding influences the infectivity of AAV-2, it seems not to be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kern
- Forschungsschwerpunkt Angewandte Tumorvirologie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are defined as diseases of the myocardium associated with cardiac dysfunction ranging from lifelong symptomless forms to major health problems such as progressive heart failure, arrhythmia, thromboembolism, and sudden cardiac death. They are classified by morphological characteristics as hypertrophic (HCM), dilated (DCM), arrhythmogenic right ventricular (ARVC), and restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). A familial cause has been shown in 50% of patients with HCM, 35% with DCM, and 30% with ARVC. In HCM, nine genetic loci and more than 130 mutations in ten different sarcomeric genes and in the gamma 2 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) have been identified, suggesting impaired force production associated with inefficient use of ATP as the crucial disease mechanism. In DCM, 16 chromosomal loci with defects of several proteins also involved in the development of skeletal myopathies have been detected. These mutated cytoskeletal and nuclear transporter proteins may alter force transmission or disrupt nuclear function, resulting in cell death. Further DCM mutations have also been identified in sarcomeric genes, which indicates that different defects of the same protein can result in either HCM or DCM. In ARVC, six genetic loci and mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor, which controls electromechanical coupling, and in plakoglobin and desmoglobin (molecules involved in desmosomal cell-junction integrity), have been identified. Yet, no genetic linkage has been shown in RCM. Apart from disease-causing mutations, other factors, such as environment, genetic background, and the recently identified modifier genes of the renin-angiotensin, adrenergic, and endothelin systems are likely to result in the wide variety of RCM clinical presentations. Treatment options are symptomatic and are mainly focused on treatment of heart failure and prevention of thromboembolism and sudden death. Identification of patients with high risk for major arrhythmic events is important because implantable cardioverter defibrillators can prevent sudden death. Clinical and genetic risk stratification may lead to prospective trials of primary implantation of cardioverter defibrillators in people with hereditary cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Franz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik Grosshadern, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany.
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Müller M, Fleischmann BK, Selbert S, Ji GJ, Endl E, Middeler G, Müller OJ, Schlenke P, Frese S, Wobus AM, Hescheler J, Katus HA, Franz WM. Selection of ventricular-like cardiomyocytes from ES cells in vitro. FASEB J 2000; 14:2540-8. [PMID: 11099473 DOI: 10.1096/fj.00-0002com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic disorders of the heart can cause an irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes resulting in a substantial decrease of cardiac output. The therapy of choice is heart transplantation, a technique that is hampered by the low number of donor organs. In the present study, we describe the specific labeling, rapid but gentle purification and characterization of cardiomyocytes derived from mouse pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells. To isolate the subpopulation of ventricular-like cardiomyocytes, ES cells were stable transfected with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under transcriptional control of the ventricular-specific 2.1 kb myosin light chain-2v (MLC-2v) promoter and the 0.5 kb enhancer element of the cytomegalovirus (CMV(enh).). First fluorescent cells were detected at day 6 + 8 of differentiation within EBs. Four weeks after initiation of differentiation 25% of the cardiomyocyte population displayed fluorescence. Immunohistochemistry revealed the exclusive cardiomyogenic nature of EGFP-positive cells. This was further corroborated by electrophysiological studies where preferentially ventricular phenotypes, but no pacemaker-like cardiomyocytes, were detected among the EGFP-positive population. The enzymatic digestion of EBs, followed by Percoll gradient centrifugation and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, resulted in a 97% pure population of cardiomyocytes. Based on this study, ventricular-like cardiomyocytes can be generated in vitro from EBs and labeled using CMV(enh)./MLC-2v-driven marker genes facilitating an efficient purification. This method may become an important tool for future cell replacement therapy of ischemic cardiomyopathy especially after the proof of somatic differentiation of human ES cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Müller
- Internal Medicine II, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
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Franz WM, Müller M, Müller OJ, Herrmann R, Rothmann T, Cremer M, Cohn RD, Voit T, Katus HA. Association of nonsense mutation of dystrophin gene with disruption of sarcoglycan complex in X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy. Lancet 2000; 355:1781-5. [PMID: 10832829 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a systematic analysis of inherited forms of cardiomyopathy, we previously identified a family with X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy characterised by a mutation in the rod region of dystrophin. We have now attempted to eludicate the genetic mechanism involved in this disease, as well as the role of dystrophin-associated glycoproteins. METHODS The affected dystrophin epitope, which lacks binding to the dys-1 antibody, was analysed by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, reverse-transcription PCR, and DNA sequencing. Effects on dystrophin-associated glycoproteins were studied by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. FINDINGS A translation-termination mutation (C4148T) in exon 29 of the dystrophin gene was found in all affected family members. Alternative splicing rescued the reading frame and led to the expression of a dystrophin molecule lacking 50 aminoacids both in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Immunohistochemical analysis of the dystrophin-associated proteins revealed a reduction of beta-sarcoglycan and delta-sarcoglycan in the sarcolemma of cardiac muscle but not skeletal muscle tissue. However, western blotting revealed similar amounts of sarcoglycan subunits in both tissues. INTERPRETATION The molecular mechanism of this subtype of X-linked cardiomyopathy may be explained by a conformational change in exon-29-deleted dystrophin, resulting in disruption of the sarcoglycan assembly in heart muscle but not skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Franz
- Medizinische Klinik II, University of Lübeck, Germany.
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Reichart U, Renner-Müller I, Höflich A, Müller OJ, Franz WM, Wolf E, Müller M, Brem G, Aigner B. Contrasting obesity phenotypes uncovered by partial leptin receptor gene deletion in transgenic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 269:502-7. [PMID: 10708583 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes) is known to be a polygenic and polyfactorial disorder. Here we describe the long-term examination of a transgenic mouse line showing the disruption of the leptin receptor (Lepr, Ob-R) gene caused by transgene insertion. The absence of the expression of the long isoform Ob-Rb uncovered a strong variation of the obesity and diabetes phenotype in the homozygous mutant mice of the outbred strain used. One part of the homozygous mice developed severe persistent early-onset obesity, whereas the other part developed cachexia after having shown initial obesity in the examination period up to 26 weeks p.p. The leptin-receptor-defective mice of this line might serve as a model for the investigation of genes modulating the development and mode of expression of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Reichart
- Institut für Tierzucht und Genetik, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, A-1210, Austria
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