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Monducci E, Mammarella V, Maffucci A, Colaiori M, Cox O, Cesario S, Cammisa L, Terrinoni A, Ardizzone I, Battaglia C, Colafrancesco G, Casini MP, Pisani F, Ferrara M, Raballo A. Psychopathological Characteristics and Subjective Dimensions of Suicidality in Adolescents at Ultra High Risk (UHR) for Psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2025; 19:e13639. [PMID: 39730315 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 11/03/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Suicide and suicidal behaviour are among the most frequent and serious complications in severe mental disorders, especially in the developmental years. From the early stages of psychosis, i.e., in ultra high risk (UHR) and first psychotic episode (FEP) subjects, the suicide risk (SR) is higher than in the general population. Therefore, assessing suicidal thoughts during the high psychotic risk period is extremely important. This study aims to assess SR in a group of UHR adolescents compared to FEP and clinical help-seeking controls (CHSC) peers. STUDY DESIGN 95 adolescents (13-18 years) were evaluated through psychopathological interviews and self-report questionnaires to assess UHR, FEP or CHSC condition, clinical suicidal behaviour and suicide thoughts, global functioning, self-disorders, and other psychiatric comorbidities. STUDY RESULTS We identified 17 FEP, 33 UHR, and 45 CHSC. 54.7% of the total sample is at SR, identified in 70.6% of FEP subjects, 81.8% of UHR subjects and 28.9% of CHSC patients. Furthermore, SR correlated with positive symptoms (p = 0.013), negative symptoms (p = 0.032), general symptoms (p = 0.009), and global functioning (p < 0.001) as well as with the total EASE score (p < 0.001). An increasing rate of self-disorders was associated with an increased likelihood of SR. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring UHR adolescents not only for psychotic onset but also for SR is crucial due to their higher suicidality and worse prognosis. Rigorous management and monitoring can enable more targeted interventions and suicide prevention strategies.
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Omar KK, Grundy EE, Cox O, Hadley M, Chiappinelli KB. Abstract 6020: The role of TP53 mutation status in the response to DNA methyltransferase inhibitor treatment. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-6020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to understand the effect of p53 mutation status in ovarian cancer cells on the expression of repetitive elements (REs) following epigenetic treatment. High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma is the most aggressive subtype of ovarian cancer and the 5 year survival rate has remained unchanged for over two decades. Over 90% of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (OC) patients have a mutation in the TP53 gene, which encodes the p53 protein. P53 is a transcription factor primarily involved in maintaining genome integrity, but it can also regulate the expression of REs in the genome. REs account for more than half of the genome and these repetitive genomic elements are epigenetically silenced in healthy cells to prevent genome instability. The expression of some REs, such as long interspersed nuclear elements and endogenous retroviruses, are upregulated in human OC patients and cell lines. The mechanism by which p53 regulates expression of REs is not well-understood; the literature documents some instances of p53 activating RE transcription and others of p53 repressing RE transcription, depending on the target elements. We have previously shown that RE expression can be induced by treating OC cells with low doses of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis). Recently, we showed that OC cell lines with mutant p53 have higher baseline expression of REs compared to wild type (WT) cell lines. Treatment of TP53 mutant OC cell lines with DNMTis had a muted effect on RE expression compared to treatment of WT OC cell lines. To explore the relationship between TP53 mutation status and RE expression after DNMTi treatment, OC cell lines with different p53 mutation statuses were treated with 500 nM of the DNMTi 5-azacytidine. We then analyzed the expression of several REs via RT-qPCR and western blot. We hypothesized that TP53 mutant cell lines would have lower DNMTi upregulation of REs than TP53 WT cell lines. While at the RNA level RE expression was variable, at the protein level, we found that DNMTi treatment increased protein levels of several REs in TP53 WT and mutant, but not null, OC cell lines. Future work will examine the feasibility of utilizing these RE proteins as immunotherapy targets in OC.
Citation Format: Khadra K. Omar, Erin E. Grundy, Olivia Cox, Melissa Hadley, Katherine B. Chiappinelli. The role of TP53 mutation status in the response to DNA methyltransferase inhibitor treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6020.
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McDonald JI, Diab N, Arthofer E, Hadley M, Kanholm T, Rentia U, Gomez S, Yu A, Grundy EE, Cox O, Topper MJ, Xing X, Strissel PL, Strick R, Wang T, Baylin SB, Chiappinelli KB. Epigenetic Therapies in Ovarian Cancer Alter Repetitive Element Expression in a TP53-Dependent Manner. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5176-5189. [PMID: 34433584 PMCID: PMC8530980 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-4243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian carcinomas are particularly deadly due to intratumoral heterogeneity, resistance to standard-of-care therapies, and poor response to alternative treatments such as immunotherapy. Targeting the ovarian carcinoma epigenome with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) or histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) increases immune signaling and recruits CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells to fight ovarian carcinoma in murine models. This increased immune activity is caused by increased transcription of repetitive elements (RE) that form double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and trigger an IFN response. To understand which REs are affected by epigenetic therapies in ovarian carcinoma, we assessed the effect of DNMTi and HDACi on ovarian carcinoma cell lines and patient samples. Subfamily-level (TEtranscripts) and individual locus-level (Telescope) analysis of REs showed that DNMTi treatment upregulated more REs than HDACi treatment. Upregulated REs were predominantly LTR and SINE subfamilies, and SINEs exhibited the greatest loss of DNA methylation upon DNMTi treatment. Cell lines with TP53 mutations exhibited significantly fewer upregulated REs with epigenetic therapy than wild-type TP53 cell lines. This observation was validated using isogenic cell lines; the TP53-mutant cell line had significantly higher baseline expression of REs but upregulated fewer upon epigenetic treatment. In addition, p53 activation increased expression of REs in wild-type but not mutant cell lines. These data give a comprehensive, genome-wide picture of RE chromatin and transcription-related changes in ovarian carcinoma after epigenetic treatment and implicate p53 in RE transcriptional regulation. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies the repetitive element targets of epigenetic therapies in ovarian carcinoma and indicates a role for p53 in this process.
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Payne JL, Osborne LM, Cox O, Kelly J, Meilman S, Jones I, Grenier W, Clark K, Ross E, McGinn R, Wadhwa PD, Entringer S, Dunlop AL, Knight AK, Smith AK, Buss C, Kaminsky ZA. DNA methylation biomarkers prospectively predict both antenatal and postpartum depression. Psychiatry Res 2020; 285:112711. [PMID: 31843207 PMCID: PMC7702696 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We sought to replicate and expand upon previous work demonstrating antenatal TTC9B and HP1BP3 gene DNA methylation is prospectively predictive of postpartum depression (PPD) with ~80% accuracy. In a preterm birth study from Emory, Illumina MethylEPIC microarray derived 1st but not 3rd trimester biomarker models predicted 3rd trimester Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores ≥ 13 with an AUC=0.8 (95% CI: 0.63-0.8). Bisulfite pyrosequencing derived biomarker methylation was generated using bisulfite pyrosequencing across all trimesters in a pregnancy cohort at UC Irvine and in 3rd trimester from an independent Johns Hopkins pregnancy cohort. A support vector machine model incorporating 3rd trimester EPDS scores, TTC9B, and HP1BP3 methylation status predicted 4 week to 6 week postpartum EPDS ≥ 13 from 3rd trimester blood in the UC Irvine cohort (AUC=0.78, 95% CI: 0.64-0.78) and from the Johns Hopkins cohort (AUC=0.84, 95% CI: 0.72-0.97), both independent of previous psychiatric diagnosis. Technical replicate predictions in a subset of the Johns Hopkins cohort exhibited strong cross experiment correlation. This study confirms the PPD prediction model has the potential to be developed into a clinical tool enabling the identification of pregnant women at future risk of PPD who may benefit from clinical intervention.
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Seifuddin F, Wand G, Cox O, Pirooznia M, Moody L, Yang X, Tai J, Boersma G, Tamashiro K, Zandi P, Lee R. Genome-wide Methyl-Seq analysis of blood-brain targets of glucocorticoid exposure. Epigenetics 2017; 12:637-652. [PMID: 28557603 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1334025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs) can lead to psychiatric complications through epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation (DNAm). We sought to determine whether epigenetic changes in a peripheral tissue can serve as a surrogate for those in a relatively inaccessible tissue such as the brain. DNA extracted from the hippocampus and blood of mice treated with GCs or vehicle solution was assayed using a genome-wide DNAm platform (Methyl-Seq) to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) induced by GC treatment. We observed that ∼70% of the DMRs in both tissues lost methylation following GC treatment. Of the 3,095 DMRs that mapped to the same genes in both tissues, 1,853 DMRs underwent DNAm changes in the same direction. Interestingly, only 209 DMRs (<7%) overlapped in genomic coordinates between the 2 tissues, suggesting tissue-specific differences in GC-targeted loci. Pathway analysis showed that the DMR-associated genes were members of pathways involved in metabolism, immune function, and neurodevelopment. Also, changes in cell type composition of blood and brain were examined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Separation of the cortex into neuronal and non-neuronal fractions and the leukocytes into T-cells, B-cells, and neutrophils showed that GC-induced methylation changes primarily occurred in neurons and T-cells, with the blood tissue also undergoing a shift in the proportion of constituent cell types while the proportion of neurons and glia in the brain remained stable. From the current pilot study, we found that despite tissue-specific epigenetic changes and cellular heterogeneity, blood can serve as a surrogate for GC-induced changes in the brain.
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Resmini E, Santos A, Aulinas A, Webb SM, Vives-Gilabert Y, Cox O, Wand G, Lee RS. Reduced DNA methylation of FKBP5 in Cushing's syndrome. Endocrine 2016; 54:768-777. [PMID: 27664120 PMCID: PMC6391874 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
FKBP5 encodes a co-chaperone of HSP90 protein that regulates intracellular glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity. When it is bound to the glucocorticoid receptor complex, cortisol binds with lower affinity to glucocorticoid receptor. Cushing's syndrome is associated with memory deficits, smaller hippocampal volumes, and wide range of cognitive impairments. We aimed at evaluating blood DNA methylation of FKBP5 and its relationship with memory and hippocampal volumes in Cushing's syndrome patients. Polymorphism rs1360780 in FKBP5 has also been assessed to determine whether genetic variations can also govern CpG methylation. Thirty-two Cushing's syndrome patients and 32 matched controls underwent memory tests, 3-Tesla MRI of the brain, and DNA extraction from total leukocytes. DNA samples were bisulfite treated, PCR amplified, and pyrosequenced to assess a total of 41CpG-dinucleotides in the introns 1, 2, 5, and 7 of FKBP5. Significantly lower intronic FKBP5 DNA methylation in CS patients compared to controls was observed in ten CpG-dinucleotides. DNA methylation at these CpGs correlated with left and right HV (Intron-2-Region-2-CpG-3: LHV, r = 0.73, p = 0.02; RHV, r = 0.58, p = 0.03). Cured and active CS patients showed both lower methylation of intron 2 (92.37, 91.8, and 93.34 %, respectively, p = 0.03 for both) and of intron 7 (77.08, 73.74, and 79.71 %, respectively, p = 0.02 and p < 0.01) than controls. Twenty-two subjects had the CC genotype, 34 had the TC genotype, and eight had the TT genotype. Lower average DNA methylation in intron 7 was observed in the TT subjects compared to CC (72.5vs. 79.5 %, p = 0.02) and to TC (72.5 vs. 79.0 %, p = 0.03). Our data demonstrate, for the first time, a reduction of intronic DNA methylation of FKBP5 in CS patients.
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Lee R, Moran T, Cox O, Seifuddin F, Magnuson T, Schweitzer M, Steele K. Association of the FTO Gene with Suboptimal Weight Loss Following Bariatric Surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2016.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kimmel M, Clive M, Gispen F, Guintivano J, Brown T, Cox O, Beckmann MW, Kornhuber J, Fasching PA, Osborne LM, Binder E, Payne JL, Kaminsky Z. Oxytocin receptor DNA methylation in postpartum depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 69:150-60. [PMID: 27108164 PMCID: PMC7152506 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The oxytocin receptor (OXTR) is a key regulator of stress and anxiety and may be regulated by both psychosocial risk factors and gonadal hormones, making it an attractive candidate for study in postpartum depression (PPD). The objective of this study was to investigate both serum hormone and PPD specific DNA methylation variation in the OXTR. Illumina HM450 microarray data generated in a prospective PPD cohort identified significant associations (P=0.014) with PPD in an intronic region in the OXTR located 4bp proximal to an estrogen receptor (ER) binding region. Pyrosequencing confirmed moderate evidence for an interaction of CpGs in the region with childhood abuse status to mediate PPD. These CpGs located on chr3 at positions 8810078 and 8810069 exhibited significant associations with postpartum depression scores from an independent cohort of 240 women with no prior psychiatric history. Hormone analysis suggested a PPD specific negative correlation of DNA methylation in the region with serum estradiol levels. Estradiol levels and OXTR DNA methylation exhibited a significant interaction to associate with the ratio of allopregnanolone to progesterone. Cumulatively, the data corroborate our previous hypotheses of a PPD specific increased sensitivity of epigenetic reprogramming at estrogen target genes and suggests that OXTR epigenetic variation may be an important mediator of mood relevant neuroactive steroid production.
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Osborne L, Clive M, Kimmel M, Gispen F, Guintivano J, Brown T, Cox O, Judy J, Meilman S, Braier A, Beckmann MW, Kornhuber J, Fasching PA, Goes F, Payne JL, Binder EB, Kaminsky Z. Replication of Epigenetic Postpartum Depression Biomarkers and Variation with Hormone Levels. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:1648-58. [PMID: 26503311 PMCID: PMC4832028 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation variation at HP1BP3 and TTC9B is modified by estrogen exposure in the rodent hippocampus and was previously shown to be prospectively predictive of postpartum depression (PPD) when modeled in antenatal blood. The objective of this study was to replicate the predictive efficacy of the previously established model in women with and without a previous psychiatric diagnosis and to understand the effects of changing hormone levels on PPD biomarker loci. Using a statistical model trained on DNA methylation data from N=51 high-risk women, we prospectively predicted PPD status in an independent N=51 women using first trimester antenatal gene expression levels of HP1BP3 and TTC9B, with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.69-0.92, p<5 × 10(-4)). Modeling DNA methylation of these genes in N=240 women without a previous psychiatric diagnosis resulted in a cross-sectional prediction of PPD status with an AUC of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.68-0.93, p=0.01). TTC9B and HP1BP3 DNA methylation at early antenatal time points showed moderate evidence for association to the change in estradiol and allopregnanolone over the course of pregnancy, suggesting that epigenetic variation at these loci may be important for mediating hormonal sensitivity. In addition both loci showed PPD-specific trajectories with age, possibly mediated by age-associated hormonal changes. The data add to the growing body of evidence suggesting that PPD is mediated by differential gene expression and epigenetic sensitivity to pregnancy hormones and that modeling proxies of this sensitivity enable accurate prediction of PPD.
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Guintivano J, Brown T, Newcomer A, Jones M, Cox O, Maher BS, Eaton WW, Payne JL, Wilcox HC, Kaminsky ZA. Identification and replication of a combined epigenetic and genetic biomarker predicting suicide and suicidal behaviors. Am J Psychiatry 2014; 171:1287-96. [PMID: 25073599 PMCID: PMC7081376 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Considerable research suggests that suicide involves effects of genes, the environment, and their interaction. Analysis of three independent data sets of post-mortem brains revealed signs of increased methylation in one particular gene, SKA2, a finding that was extended to peripheral blood samples from other cohorts of prospectively followed individuals.
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Stitt AW, Hughes SJ, Canning P, Lynch O, Cox O, Frizzell N, Thorpe SR, Cotter TG, Curtis TM, Gardiner TA. Substrates modified by advanced glycation end-products cause dysfunction and death in retinal pericytes by reducing survival signals mediated by platelet-derived growth factor. Diabetologia 2004; 47:1735-46. [PMID: 15502926 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-004-1523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2004] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Premature death of retinal pericytes is a pathophysiological hallmark of diabetic retinopathy. Among the mechanisms proposed for pericyte death is exposure to AGE, which accumulate during diabetes. The current study used an in vitro model, whereby retinal pericytes were exposed to AGE-modified substrate and the mechanisms underlying pericyte death explored. METHODS Pericytes were isolated from bovine retinal capillaries and propagated on AGE-modified basement membrane (BM) extract or non-modified native BM. The extent of AGE modification was analysed. Proliferative responses of retinal pericytes propagated on AGE-modified BM were investigated using a 5-bromo-2-deoxy-uridine-based assay. The effect of extrinsically added platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms on these proliferative responses was also analysed alongside mRNA expression of the PDGF receptors. Apoptotic death of retinal pericytes grown on AGE-modified BM was investigated using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling labelling, mitochondrial membrane depolarisation and by morphological assessment. We also measured both the ability of PDGF to reverse Akt dephosphorylation that was mediated by AGE-modified BM, and increased pericyte apoptosis. RESULTS Retinal pericytes exposed to AGE-modified BM showed reduced proliferative responses in comparison to controls (p<0.05-0.01), although this effect was reversed at low-AGE modifications. PDGF mRNA levels were differentially altered by exposure to low and high AGE levels, and AGE-modified BM caused significantly increased apoptosis in retinal pericytes. Pre-treatment of AGE-modified BM with PDGF-AA and -BB reversed the apoptosis (p<0.05-0.001) and restored Akt phosphorylation in retinal pericytes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Evidence suggests that substrate-derived AGE such as those that occur during diabetes could have a major influence on retinal pericyte survival. During diabetic retinopathy, AGE modification of vascular BM may reduce bioavailability of pro-survival factors for retinal pericytes.
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Loughlin J, Mustafa Z, Smith A, Irven C, Carr AJ, Clipsham K, Chitnavis J, Bloomfield VA, McCartney M, Cox O, Sinsheimer JS, Sykes B, Chapman KE. Linkage analysis of chromosome 2q in osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2000; 39:377-81. [PMID: 10817769 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/39.4.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In independent linkage studies chromosome 2q11-q24 and chromosome 2q23-35 have previously been implicated as regions potentially harbouring susceptibility loci for osteoarthritis (OA). OBJECTIVE To test chromosome 2q for linkage to idiopathic osteoarthritis. METHODS Using a cohort of 481 OA families that each contained at least one affected sibling pair with severe end-stage disease (ascertained by hip or knee joint replacement surgery), we conducted a linkage analysis of chromosome 2q using 16 polymorphic microsatellite markers at an average spacing of one marker every 8.5 cM. RESULTS Our results provide suggestive evidence for a locus at 2q31 with a maximum multipoint logarithm of the odds score (MLS) of 1.22 which increased to 2.19 in those families concordant for hip-only disease (n = 311). This suggestive linkage was greater in male-hip families (MLS = 1.57, n = 71) than in female-hip families (MLS = 0.71, n = 132). CONCLUSIONS Chromosome 2q is likely to contain at least one susceptibility locus for OA.
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Mustafa Z, Chapman K, Irven C, Carr AJ, Clipsham K, Chitnavis J, Sinsheimer JS, Bloomfield VA, McCartney M, Cox O, Sykes B, Loughlin J. Linkage analysis of candidate genes as susceptibility loci for osteoarthritis-suggestive linkage of COL9A1 to female hip osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2000; 39:299-306. [PMID: 10788539 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/39.3.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine 11 candidate genes as susceptibility loci for osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS A total of 481 families have been ascertained in which at least two siblings have had joint replacement surgery of the hip, or knee, or hip and knee for idiopathic OA. Each candidate gene was targeted using one or more intragenic or closely linked microsatellite marker. The linkage data were analysed unstratified and following stratification by sex and by joint replaced (hip or knee). RESULTS The analyses revealed suggestive linkage of the type IX collagen gene COL9A1 (6q12-q13) to a subset of 132 families that contained affected females who were concordant for hip OA (female-hip) with a P-value of 0.00053 and logarithm of the odds (LOD) score of 2.33 [corrected P-value of 0. 0016, corrected LOD score of 1.85]. CONCLUSIONS COL9A1 may therefore be a susceptibility locus for female hip OA. In addition, there was weak evidence of linkage to HLA/COL11A2 (6p21.3) in female hip OA with a corrected P-value of 0.016.
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Chapman K, Mustafa Z, Irven C, Carr AJ, Clipsham K, Smith A, Chitnavis J, Sinsheimer JS, Bloomfield VA, McCartney M, Cox O, Cardon LR, Sykes B, Loughlin J. Osteoarthritis-susceptibility locus on chromosome 11q, detected by linkage. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 65:167-74. [PMID: 10364529 PMCID: PMC1378087 DOI: 10.1086/302465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a two-stage genomewide scan for osteoarthritis-susceptibility loci, using 481 families that each contain at least one affected sibling pair. The first stage, with 272 microsatellite markers and 297 families, involved a sparse map covering 23 chromosomes at intervals of approximately 15 cM. Sixteen markers that showed evidence of linkage at nominal P</=.05 were then taken through to the second stage, with an additional 184 families. This second stage confirmed evidence of linkage for markers on chromosome 11q. Additional markers from this region were then typed to create a denser map. We obtained a maximum single-point LOD score, at D11S901, of 2.40 (P=.0004) and a maximum multipoint-LOD score of 3.15, between markers D11S1358 and D11S35. A subset of 196 of the 481 families, comprising affected female sibling pairs, generated a corrected LOD score of 2.54 (P=.0003) for marker D11S901, with evidence for linkage extending 12 cM proximal to this marker. When we stratified for affected male sibling pairs there was no evidence of linkage to chromosome 11. Our data suggest that a female-specific susceptibility gene for idiopathic osteoarthritis is located on chromosome 11q.
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Rivera-Gandia J, Morales N, Cox O, Huang SD. N-(o-tolyl)-2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzamide. Acta Crystallogr C 1998; 54 ( Pt 1):69-71. [PMID: 9485570 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270197011839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular structure of the title compound, C16H16BrNO3, consists of 2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxy-benzene and o-methylphenyl rings linked by an amide group. The two methoxy groups are almost coplanar with the phenyl ring.
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Alarcón R, Cox O, Rivera LA, Huang SD. Erythro-1-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-1,2-dibromo-2-(2-chloro-5-nitrophenyl)ethane. Acta Crystallogr C 1998; 54 ( Pt 1):68-9. [PMID: 9485569 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270197011840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The title compound, C15H9Br2CIN2O2S, was synthesized by electrophilic addition of bromine to 2-(2-chloro-5-nitrostyryl)benzothiazole. The molecule consists of benzothiazole and 2-chloro-5-nitrophenyl rings linked by a 1,2-dibromoethane moiety. The dihedral angle between the benzothiazole and phenyl rings is 8.2(9) degrees. The benzothiazole ring is planar with a mean deviation of 0.168(7)A. The Br1--C8 and Br2--C9 bond distances are 1.972(5) and 2.007(6)A, respectively.
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Vivas-Mejía PE, Cox O, González FA. Inhibition of human topoisomerase II by anti-neoplastic benzazolo[3,2-alpha]quinolinium chlorides. Mol Cell Biochem 1998; 178:203-12. [PMID: 9546601 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006847615575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previously we reported [20] that there is no correlation between the cytotoxic activity of four new structural analogs of the antitumor DNA intercalator 3-nitrobenzothiazolo[3,2-a]quinolinium chloride (NBQ-2) and their interaction with DNA. In the present study, we present evidence suggesting that the molecular basis for the anti-proliferative activity of these drugs is the inhibition of topoisomerase II. The NBQ-2 derivatives inhibited the relaxation of supercoiled DNA plasmid pRYG mediated by purified human topoisomerase II. Inhibition of the decatenation of kinetoplast DNA mediated by partially purified topoisomerase II extracted from the human histiocytic lymphoma U937 (a cell line previously shown to be sensitive to the drugs) was also caused by these drugs. The potency of the benzazolo[3,2-a]quinolinium drugs against topoisomerase II in vitro was the following: 7-(1-propenyl)-3-nitrobenzimidazolo[3,2-a]quinolinium chloride (NBQ-59) > 4-chlorobenzothiazolo[3,2-a]quinolinium chloride (NBQ-76) > 7-ethyl-3-nitrobenzimidazolo[3,2-a]quinolinium chloride (NBQ-48) > 7-benzyl-3-nitrobenzimidazolol[3,2-a]quinolinium chloride (NBQ-38). This rank of potency for topoisomerase II inhibition correlated very well with the cytotoxicity elicited by these drugs. Furthermore, significant levels of topoisomerase II/DNA cleavage complex induced by these drugs in vivo were detected when U937 cells were treated with NBQ-59 and NBQ-76 whereas NBQ-38 and NBQ-48 produced negligible amounts of the cleavage complex. Our results strongly suggest that topoisomerase II is the major cellular target of this family of compounds.
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Vivas-Mejía PE, Rodríguez-Cabán JL, Díaz-Velázquez M, Hernández-Pérez MG, Cox O, Gonzalez FA. DNA binding-independent anti-proliferative action of benzazolo[3,2-alpha]quinolinium DNA intercalators. Mol Cell Biochem 1997; 177:69-77. [PMID: 9450647 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006857118469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The proposed mechanism of action of the antineoplastic drug 3-nitrobenzothiazolo[3,2-alpha]quinolinium chloride (NBQ-2) involves its interaction with DNA by intercalation and inhibition of topoisomerase II activity by arresting the enzyme in a covalent cleavage complex. In an attempt to identify some structural determinants for activity and develop a molecular structure/cytotoxicity correlation, four new structural analogs of the antitumor NBQ-2 were prepared and their cytotoxic activity and DNA binding properties were investigated. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated against six different human tumor cell lines: U937, K-562, HL-60, HT-29, HeLa, and A431. The results showed that these new drugs elicit pronounced cytotoxic effects against U937, K-562, HL-60 and A431 while HeLa and HT-29 were less sensitive to the new drugs. This apparent selectivity was different to that of m-AMSA, a drug currently used for cancer treatment. Since the interaction of NBQ-2 to DNA by intercalation has been proposed as the initial step leading to its antineoplastic activity, DNA binding and changes in DNA contour length induced by the new NBQ-2 structural analogs were also investigated using calf thymus and human DNA. The drug, 7-(1-propenyl)-3-nitrobenzimidazolo[3,2-alpha]quinolinium chloride (NBQ-59) was the most cytotoxic agent of the analog series (IC50 = 16 microM for HL-60 cells), however, it demonstrated the weakest binding to DNA (Kint = 0.9 x 10[5] M-1 for calf thymus DNA). NBQ-59 was also found to be a poor intercalator into the DNA double helix. Therefore, our results suggest that DNA binding is not the primary mechanism of drug action for this family of compounds. In addition structural determinants important for cytotoxicity of the benzazolo quinolinium chlorides were suggested by our results. In particular, the nitro group in the 3 position does not seem to be necessary for bioactivity, while substitutions in the benzazolo moiety have striking effects on the biological activity of the drugs.
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Bacelo DE, Cox O, Rivera LA, Cordero M, Huang SD. (E,Z)-2-(2-chloro-5-nitrostyryl)-1-(1-propenyl)benzimidazole. Acta Crystallogr C 1997; 53 ( Pt 7):907-9. [PMID: 9241810 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270197004071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The title compound, C18H14ClN3O2, was synthesized by the condensation of 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzaldehyde with 2-methyl-1-propenylbenzimidazole, and the molecule comprises a 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzene and a 1-(Z)-propenylbenzimidazole. The two aromatic moieties are conjugated through the vinyl group. The dihedral angle between the two rings is 1.4(6) degrees. The propenyl group lies out of the benzimidazole plane with a dihedral angle of 112.9(9) degrees.
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Ruiwu T, Barnes CL, Cox O, Hernàndez WJ, Cardona D, Huang SD. 1-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-(2-bromo-5-nitrophenyl)ethanone. Acta Crystallogr C 1997; 53 ( Pt 6):801-3. [PMID: 9208461 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270197000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The title compound, C15H9BrN2O3S, was isolated as an unexpected product from the reaction of the anion of sodium 2-(1,3-benzothiazolyl)ethanonitrile with alpha,2-dibromo-5-nitrotoluene. Its structure features a benzothiazole fragment and a bromo- and nitro-substituted phenyl ring linked by a methyl ketone group. The dihedral angle between the benzothiazole and phenyl rings is 103.7 (2) degrees. The benzothiazole fragment is planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.021 (2) A. The nitro group is slightly rotated out of the phenyl-ring plane, with a O(2)-N(2)-C(14)-C(15) torsion angle of 16.4(7) degrees.
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Cox O, Cordero M, Piñeiro S, Huang SD. Bis[(E)-2-(2,4-dichloro-5-nitrostyryl)-1,3-benzothiazole] hydrate. Acta Crystallogr C 1997; 53 ( Pt 3):310-1. [PMID: 9094194 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270196013352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The title compound, bis[(E)-2-(2,4-dichloro-5-nitrostyryl)-1,3-benzothiazole] hydrate, 2C15H8Cl2N2O2S.-H2O, was obtained from the condensation of 2-methyl-benzothiazole with 2,4-dichloro-5-nitrobenzaldehyde. Single-crystal X-ray analysis showed that the asymmetric unit contains two crystallographically unique but structurally similar molecules. The dihedral angle between the benzothiazole fragment and the phenyl ring is 6.1 (4) degrees in molecule A and 19.5 (4) degrees in molecule B.
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Huang SD, Cox O, Cordero M, Piñeiro S. α,α-Diacetoxy-2,4-dichloro-5-nitrobenzaldehyde. Acta Crystallogr C 1996. [DOI: 10.1107/s010827019601102x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Cox O. Some dream mechanisms in Finnegans Wake. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOANALYSIS 1993; 74 ( Pt 4):815-21. [PMID: 8407134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper does not purport to offer a psychoanalytic reading of Finnegans Wake, but rather to demonstrate how, in recreating the mechanisms of the dream, Joyce's masterpiece offers to psychoanalysis a uniquely rich opportunity to explore the shadowy play of the dream in the permanence of a work of art. In particular, the manner in which Finnegans Wake tells its story through the distortions of dream narrative while bodying forth its protagonists in the substitutions of dream-identity are explored, with the help of certain Freudian and Lacanian concepts of unconscious structure.
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Alegría AE, Cox O, Santiago V, Colón M, Reyes Z, Zayas L, Rivera LA, Dumas JA. Reductive activation of benzazolo[3,2-a]-quinolinium chlorides. Free Radic Biol Med 1993; 15:49-56. [PMID: 8395453 DOI: 10.1016/0891-5849(93)90124-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Initial ferricytochrome c (Cyt(III)c) reduction rates occurring in aerobic or anaerobic solutions containing either 3-nitrobenzothiazolo[3,2-a]-(NBQCl), 1-ethyl-3-nitrobenzimidazolo[3,2-a]-(ENBIQCl), 7-ethylbenzimidazolo[3,2-a]quinolinium chloride (EHBIQCL), or nitrofurantoin (NFT) and xanthine/xanthine oxidase were measured. Maximum rates in nitrogen-saturated solutions follow the order NFT > NBQCL > ENBIQCL > EHBIQCL. These rates correlate linearly with the half-wave reduction potentials (E1/2) of these compounds. With the exception of EHBIQCl, smaller rates of Cyt(III)c reduction were obtained in air-saturated than in nitrogen-saturated solutions at the quinolinium salt concentrations used. Larger concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD) are needed for 50% inhibition of the Cyt(III)c reduction reaction for heterocyclic compounds with larger E1/2 values. Thus, measurement of the portion of the Cyt(III)c reduction rate under air that is inhibited by SOD does not account solely for the production of superoxide. These observations suggest that NBQCL, ENBIQCl, and less probably EHBIQCl may interfere with mitochondrial energy metabolism or induce DNA damage through reduced intermediates.
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Muir JA, Cox O, Bernard LA, Muir MM. Structure of a twisted styrylbenzothiazole, 2-(α-acetoxy-2-chloro-5-nitrostyryl)benzothiazole. Acta Crystallogr C 1992. [DOI: 10.1107/s010827019200043x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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