The glenohumeral ligaments: Superior, middle, and inferior: Anatomy, biomechanics, injury, and diagnosis

The three glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle, and inferior) are discrete thickenings of the glenohumeral joint capsule and are critical to shoulder stability and function. Injuries to this area are a cause of significant musculoskeletal morbidity. A literature search was performed by a review of PubMed, Google Scholar, and OVID for all relevant articles published up until 2020. This study highlights the anatomy, biomechanical function, and injury patterns of the glenohumeral ligaments, which may be relevant to clinical presentation and diagnosis. A detailed understanding of the normal anatomy and biomechanics is a necessary prerequisite to understanding the injury patterns and clinical presentations of disorders involving the glenohumeral ligaments of the shoulder.

Recurrent and radiographically unrecognized iatrogenic intra-prosthesis hip dislocations

Hip dislocation is a common complication after total hip arthroplasty surgery. Newer prosthetic implants aim to reduce the risk of dislocation. The new dual mobility implant has a unique design that may result in intra-prosthetic dislocation. We report a case of a recurrently missed iatrogenic intra-prosthetic dislocation following closed reduction efforts in the emergency department (ED). Emergency physicians must be aware of the design, pitfalls, and management of this new prosthetic hip design.

Primary Open Abductor Reconstruction: A 5 to 10-Year Study

BACKGROUND

Gluteal tears are recognized as the source of pain over the greater trochanter. We investigated the outcome of primary open abductor tendon reconstruction with a 5-10 year follow-up.

METHODS

One hundred sixty-five consecutive hips underwent an open abductor tendon reconstruction, with all tears confirmed preoperatively by magnetic resonance imaging. Oxford Hip Scores (OHS) were assessed at the initial visit, and at 5-10 years.

RESULTS

The average preoperative OHS was 22 (range 7-34) and average postoperative OHS was 40 a difference of 18 (P < .0001).

CONCLUSION

Surgical reconstruction of degenerate abductor tendons should be considered in the presence of a magnetic resonance imaging confirmed separation where clinical findings are consistent with the known tendon disruption. Open transosseous reconstruction reliably results in good pain relief at 5-10 years.

Technique to exclude temporal lash incursion in phacoemulsification surgery

We describe the use of a Steri-Strip to exclude lashes in cataract surgery cases in which the lashes impinge on the operative field. The technique has been used in 25 cases and achieved uniformly successful lash exclusion. In 6 cases, the strip became partially dislodged and required repositioning intraoperatively, after which it achieved complete lash exclusion. No complications have been observed.

FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.