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Kraimer ML, Shaffer MA, Bolino MC, Charlier SD, Wurtz O. A transactional stress theory of global work demands: A challenge, hindrance, or both? J Appl Psychol 2022; 107:2197-2219. [PMID: 35343728 DOI: 10.1037/apl0001009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We integrate research on global work demands (Shaffer et al., 2012) with transactional stress theory to examine both the harmful and beneficial effects of three global work demands-international travel, cognitive flexibility, and nonwork disruption-for employees engaged in global work. We propose that global work demands have indirect, and conditional, effects on burnout and work-to-family conflict (WFC), as well as thriving and work-family enrichment, through employees' appraisals that their global work is both hindering and challenging, respectively. We tested the hypotheses with a matched sample of 229 global employees and their spouses. We found that cognitive flexibility demands are related to harmful and beneficial outcomes: It increases WFC through hindrance appraisals of the global work, but also increases thriving through challenge appraisals. In comparison, international travel demands have only beneficial outcomes, such that it positively related to employee thriving through challenge appraisals, but only among employees working in jobs that have fewer nonwork disruption demands. Finally, nonwork disruption demands had only harmful effects in that it positively related to burnout and WFC through hindrance appraisals. Exploratory analyses also revealed that nonwork disruption demands negatively related to employee thriving, through challenge appraisals, when employees experienced lower levels of cognitive flexibility demands. These findings contribute to our understanding of how employees may react to their global work demands and to the transactional theory of stress by providing a more nuanced understanding of when and why job demands contribute to appraisals that work is hindering and/or challenging. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Coly PM, Perzo N, Le Joncour V, Lecointre C, Schouft MT, Desrues L, Tonon MC, Wurtz O, Gandolfo P, Castel H, Morin F. Chemotactic G protein-coupled receptors control cell migration by repressing autophagosome biogenesis. Autophagy 2016; 12:2344-2362. [PMID: 27715446 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1235125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotactic migration is a fundamental behavior of cells and its regulation is particularly relevant in physiological processes such as organogenesis and angiogenesis, as well as in pathological processes such as tumor metastasis. The majority of chemotactic stimuli activate cell surface receptors that belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. Although the autophagy machinery has been shown to play a role in cell migration, its mode of regulation by chemotactic GPCRs remains largely unexplored. We found that ligand-induced activation of 2 chemotactic GPCRs, the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and the urotensin 2 receptor UTS2R, triggers a marked reduction in the biogenesis of autophagosomes, in both HEK-293 and U87 glioblastoma cells. Chemotactic GPCRs exert their anti-autophagic effects through the activation of CAPNs, which prevent the formation of pre-autophagosomal vesicles from the plasma membrane. We further demonstrated that CXCR4- or UTS2R-induced inhibition of autophagy favors the formation of adhesion complexes to the extracellular matrix and is required for chemotactic migration. Altogether, our data reveal a new link between GPCR signaling and the autophagy machinery, and may help to envisage therapeutic strategies in pathological processes such as cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Michaël Coly
- a Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, DC2N , Rouen , France.,b Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB) , Rouen , France
| | - Nicolas Perzo
- a Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, DC2N , Rouen , France.,b Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB) , Rouen , France
| | - Vadim Le Joncour
- a Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, DC2N , Rouen , France.,b Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB) , Rouen , France
| | - Céline Lecointre
- a Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, DC2N , Rouen , France.,b Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB) , Rouen , France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Schouft
- a Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, DC2N , Rouen , France.,b Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB) , Rouen , France
| | - Laurence Desrues
- a Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, DC2N , Rouen , France.,b Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB) , Rouen , France
| | - Marie-Christine Tonon
- a Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, DC2N , Rouen , France.,b Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB) , Rouen , France
| | - Olivier Wurtz
- a Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, DC2N , Rouen , France.,b Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB) , Rouen , France
| | - Pierrick Gandolfo
- a Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, DC2N , Rouen , France.,b Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB) , Rouen , France
| | - Hélène Castel
- a Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, DC2N , Rouen , France.,b Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB) , Rouen , France
| | - Fabrice Morin
- a Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, DC2N , Rouen , France.,b Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB) , Rouen , France
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Sinadinos A, Young CNJ, Al-Khalidi R, Teti A, Kalinski P, Mohamad S, Floriot L, Henry T, Tozzi G, Jiang T, Wurtz O, Lefebvre A, Shugay M, Tong J, Vaudry D, Arkle S, doRego JC, Górecki DC. P2RX7 purinoceptor: a therapeutic target for ameliorating the symptoms of duchenne muscular dystrophy. PLoS Med 2015; 12:e1001888. [PMID: 26461208 PMCID: PMC4604078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common inherited muscle disease, leading to severe disability and death in young men. Death is caused by the progressive degeneration of striated muscles aggravated by sterile inflammation. The pleiotropic effects of the mutant gene also include cognitive and behavioral impairments and low bone density. Current interventions in DMD are palliative only as no treatment improves the long-term outcome. Therefore, approaches with a translational potential should be investigated, and key abnormalities downstream from the absence of the DMD product, dystrophin, appear to be strong therapeutic targets. We and others have demonstrated that DMD mutations alter ATP signaling and have identified P2RX7 purinoceptor up-regulation as being responsible for the death of muscles in the mdx mouse model of DMD and human DMD lymphoblasts. Moreover, the ATP-P2RX7 axis, being a crucial activator of innate immune responses, can contribute to DMD pathology by stimulating chronic inflammation. We investigated whether ablation of P2RX7 attenuates the DMD model mouse phenotype to assess receptor suitability as a therapeutic target. METHODS AND FINDINGS Using a combination of molecular, histological, and biochemical methods and behavioral analyses in vivo we demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, that genetic ablation of P2RX7 in the DMD model mouse produces a widespread functional attenuation of both muscle and non-muscle symptoms. In dystrophic muscles at 4 wk there was an evident recovery in key functional and molecular parameters such as improved muscle structure (minimum Feret diameter, p < 0.001), increased muscle strength in vitro (p < 0.001) and in vivo (p = 0.012), and pro-fibrotic molecular signatures. Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels were lower (p = 0.025), and reduced cognitive impairment (p = 0.006) and bone structure alterations (p < 0.001) were also apparent. Reduction of inflammation and fibrosis persisted at 20 mo in leg (p = 0.038), diaphragm (p = 0.042), and heart muscles (p < 0.001). We show that the amelioration of symptoms was proportional to the extent of receptor depletion and that improvements were observed following administration of two P2RX7 antagonists (CK, p = 0.030 and p = 0.050) without any detectable side effects. However, approaches successful in animal models still need to be proved effective in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS These results are, to our knowledge, the first to establish that a single treatment can improve muscle function both short and long term and also correct cognitive impairment and bone loss in DMD model mice. The wide-ranging improvements reflect the convergence of P2RX7 ablation on multiple disease mechanisms affecting skeletal and cardiac muscles, inflammatory cells, brain, and bone. Given the impact of P2RX7 blockade in the DMD mouse model, this receptor is an attractive target for translational research: existing drugs with established safety records could potentially be repurposed for treatment of this lethal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Sinadinos
- Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher N. J. Young
- Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Rasha Al-Khalidi
- Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Paweł Kalinski
- Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Bioengineering, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shafini Mohamad
- School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Léonore Floriot
- Platform of Behavioural Analysis (SCAC), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan,Rouen, France
| | - Tiphaine Henry
- Platform of Behavioural Analysis (SCAC), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan,Rouen, France
| | - Gianluca Tozzi
- School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Taiwen Jiang
- Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Wurtz
- INSERM U982, Plate-Forme d’Imagerie PRIMACEN, IRIB, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Alexis Lefebvre
- Platform of Behavioural Analysis (SCAC), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan,Rouen, France
| | - Mikhail Shugay
- Genomics of Adaptive Immunity Lab, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jie Tong
- School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - David Vaudry
- INSERM U982, Plate-Forme d’Imagerie PRIMACEN, IRIB, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Stephen Arkle
- Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Claude doRego
- Platform of Behavioural Analysis (SCAC), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan,Rouen, France
- National Center of Scientific Research (CNRS), Caen, France
| | - Dariusz C. Górecki
- Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Tlili M, Rouatbi S, Gandia F, Hallegue D, Sriha B, Yacoubi MT, Krichah R, Sakly M, Rhouma KB, Vaudry D, Wurtz O, Tebourbi O. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Peptide (1-38) and its analog (Acetyl-[Ala15, Ala20] PACAP 38-polyamide) reverse methacholine airway hyperresponsiveness in rats. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502015000300020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate both functionally and structurally bronchodilator effects of Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP38) and acetyl-[Ala15, Ala20] PACAP38-polyamide, a potent PACAP38 analog, in rats challenged by methacholine (MeCh). Male Wistar rats were divided randomly into five groups. Groups 1 and 2 inhaled respectively aerosols of saline or increasing doses of MeCh (0.5, 1, 2.12, 4.25, 8.5, 17, 34 and 68mg/L). The other groups received terbutaline (Terb) (250 µg/rat) (10-6 M), PACAP38 (50 µg/rat) (0.1 mM) or PACAP38 analog (50 µg/rat) associated to MeCh from the dose of 4.25 mg/L. Total lung resistances (RL) were recorded before and 2 min after MeCh administration by pneumomultitest equipment. MeCh administration induced a significant and a dose-dependent increase (p<0.05) of RL compared to control rats. Terb, PACAP38 and PACAP38 analog reversed significantly the MeCh-induced bronchial constriction, smooth muscle (SM) layer thickness and bronchial lumen mucus abundance. PACAP38 analog prevents effectively bronchial smooth muscle layer thickness, mucus hypersecretion and lumen decrease. Therefore, it may constitute a potent therapeutic bronchodilator.
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Brifault C, Gras M, Liot D, May V, Vaudry D, Wurtz O. Delayed Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase–Activating Polypeptide Delivery After Brain Stroke Improves Functional Recovery by Inducing M2 Microglia/Macrophage Polarization. Stroke 2015; 46:520-8. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.006864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Brifault
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U982, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); and Departments of Neurological Sciences and Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of
| | - Marjorie Gras
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U982, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); and Departments of Neurological Sciences and Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of
| | - Donovan Liot
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U982, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); and Departments of Neurological Sciences and Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of
| | - Victor May
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U982, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); and Departments of Neurological Sciences and Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of
| | - David Vaudry
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U982, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); and Departments of Neurological Sciences and Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of
| | - Olivier Wurtz
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U982, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); and Departments of Neurological Sciences and Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of
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Seaborn T, Ravni A, Au R, Chow BKC, Fournier A, Wurtz O, Vaudry H, Eiden LE, Vaudry D. Induction of serpinb1a by PACAP or NGF is required for PC12 cells survival after serum withdrawal. J Neurochem 2014; 131:21-32. [PMID: 24899316 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PC12 cells are used to study the signaling mechanisms underlying the neurotrophic and neuroprotective activities of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Previous microarray experiments indicated that serpinb1a was the most induced gene after 6 h of treatment with PACAP or NGF. This study confirmed that serpinb1a is strongly activated by PACAP and NGF in a time-dependent manner with a maximum induction (~ 50-fold over control) observed after 6 h of treatment. Co-incubation with PACAP and NGF resulted in a synergistic up-regulation of serpinb1a expression (200-fold over control), suggesting that PACAP and NGF act through complementary mechanisms. Consistently, PACAP-induced serpinb1a expression was not blocked by TrkA receptor inhibition. Nevertheless, the stimulation of serpinb1a expression by PACAP and NGF was significantly reduced in the presence of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, calcineurin, protein kinase A, p38, and PI3K inhibitors, indicating that the two trophic factors share some common pathways in the regulation of serpinb1a. Finally, functional investigations conducted with siRNA revealed that serpinb1a is not involved in the effects of PACAP and NGF on PC12 cell neuritogenesis, proliferation or body cell volume but mediates their ability to block caspases 3/7 activity and to promote PC12 cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Seaborn
- Neurotrophic Factor and Neuronal Differentiation Team, Inserm U982, DC2N, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital St-François d'Assise, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CRCHUQ), Laval University, Québec, Canada
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Wurtz O. An empirical investigation of the effectiveness of pre-departure and in-country cross-cultural training. The International Journal of Human Resource Management 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2013.870285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bourgault S, Chatenet D, Wurtz O, Doan ND, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Fournier A, Vaudry D. Strategies to convert PACAP from a hypophysiotropic neurohormone into a neuroprotective drug. Curr Pharm Des 2011; 17:1002-24. [PMID: 21524253 DOI: 10.2174/138161211795589337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In neurological insults, such as cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury, complex molecular mechanisms involving inflammation and apoptosis are known to cause severe neuronal cell loss, emphasizing the necessity of developing therapeutic strategies targeting simultaneously these two processes. Over the last decade, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the unique therapeutical potential of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) for the treatment of neuronal disorders involving apoptotic cell death and neuroinflammation. The neuroprotective activity of PACAP is based on its capacity to reduce the production of deleterious cytokines from activated microglia, to stimulate the release of neuroprotective agents from astrocytes and to inhibit pro-apoptotic intracellular pathways. However, the use of PACAP as a clinically applicable drug is hindered by its peptidic nature. As most natural peptides, native PACAP shows poor metabolic stability, low bioavailability, inadequate distribution and rapid blood clearance. Moreover, injection of PACAP to human can induce peripheral adverse side effects. Therefore, targeted chemical modifications and/or conjugation of PACAP to different macromolecules are required to improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties of PACAP. This review presents the chemical, biochemical and pharmacological strategies that are currently under development to convert PACAP from a hypophysiotropic neurohormone into a clinically relevant neuroprotective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bourgault
- Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 531 boul. des Prairies, Ville de Laval, Qc, H7V1B7, Canada
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Vaudry D, Falluel-Morel A, Bourgault S, Basille M, Burel D, Wurtz O, Fournier A, Chow BKC, Hashimoto H, Galas L, Vaudry H. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide and Its Receptors: 20 Years after the Discovery. Pharmacol Rev 2009; 61:283-357. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.109.001370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 829] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Botia B, Basille M, Allais A, Raoult E, Falluel-Morel A, Galas L, Jolivel V, Wurtz O, Komuro H, Fournier A, Vaudry H, Burel D, Gonzalez BJ, Vaudry D. Neurotrophic effects of PACAP in the cerebellar cortex. Peptides 2007; 28:1746-52. [PMID: 17544170 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Revised: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the rodent cerebellum, PACAP is expressed by Purkinje neurons and PAC1 receptors are present on granule cells during both the development period and in adulthood. Treatment of granule neurons with PACAP inhibits proliferation, slows migration, promotes survival and induces differentiation. PACAP also protects cerebellar granule cells against the deleterious effects of neurotoxic agents. Most of the neurotrophic effects of PACAP are mediated through the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and often involve the ERK MAPkinase. Caspase-3 is one of the key enzymes implicated in the neuroprotective action of PACAP but PACAP also inhibits caspase-9 activity and increases Bcl-2 expression. PACAP and functional PAC1 receptors are expressed in the monkey and human cerebellar cortex with a pattern of expression very similar to that described in rodents, suggesting that PACAP could also exert neurodevelopmental and neuroprotective functions in the cerebellum of primates including human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Botia
- Inserm U413, International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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Lenne PF, Wawrezinieck L, Conchonaud F, Wurtz O, Boned A, Guo XJ, Rigneault H, He HT, Marguet D. Dynamic molecular confinement in the plasma membrane by microdomains and the cytoskeleton meshwork. EMBO J 2006; 25:3245-56. [PMID: 16858413 PMCID: PMC1523176 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
It is by now widely recognized that cell membranes show complex patterns of lateral organization. Two mechanisms involving either a lipid-dependent (microdomain model) or cytoskeleton-based (meshwork model) process are thought to be responsible for these plasma membrane organizations. In the present study, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy measurements on various spatial scales were performed in order to directly identify and characterize these two processes in live cells with a high temporal resolution, without any loss of spatial information. Putative raft markers were found to be dynamically compartmented within tens of milliseconds into small microdomains (Ø <120 nm) that are sensitive to the cholesterol and sphingomyelin levels, whereas actin-based cytoskeleton barriers are responsible for the confinement of the transferrin receptor protein. A free-like diffusion was observed when both the lipid-dependent and cytoskeleton-based organizations were disrupted, which suggests that these are two main compartmentalizing forces at work in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-François Lenne
- Institut Fresnel, Université Paul Cézanne, Marseille, France
- CNRS UMR 6133, Marseille, France
| | - Laure Wawrezinieck
- Institut Fresnel, Université Paul Cézanne, Marseille, France
- CNRS UMR 6133, Marseille, France
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR 631, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR 6102, Marseille, France
| | - Fabien Conchonaud
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR 631, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR 6102, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Wurtz
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR 631, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR 6102, Marseille, France
| | - Annie Boned
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR 631, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR 6102, Marseille, France
| | - Xiao-Jun Guo
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR 631, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR 6102, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physicochimie des Membranes Biologiques, Université Paul Cézanne, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Rigneault
- Institut Fresnel, Université Paul Cézanne, Marseille, France
- CNRS UMR 6133, Marseille, France
| | - Hai-Tao He
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR 631, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR 6102, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Marguet
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR 631, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR 6102, Marseille, France
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, CNRS, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 13009, France. Tel.: +33 491 269 128; Fax: +33 491 269 430; E-mail:
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Wurtz O, Bajénoff M, Guerder S. IL-4-mediated inhibition of IFN-gamma production by CD4+ T cells proceeds by several developmentally regulated mechanisms. Int Immunol 2004; 16:501-8. [PMID: 14978023 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxh050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which Th1 and Th2 cells inter-regulate in vivo are still poorly understood. In this study we examined the plasticity of Th1 cell differentiation and how Th2 cells may down-regulate these responses. We show here that IL-4 affects Th1 cell responses by two developmentally regulated mechanisms. During the commitment phase of naive CD4+ T cells, IL-4 inhibits Th1 cell differentiation and induces a reversion of developing Th1 cells to the Th2 lineage. In contrast, for effector Th1 cells IL-4 does not affect the developmental process, but only the transcription of the IFN-gamma gene. We further show that the difference in IL-4 responsiveness correlates with a loss, in effector Th1 cells, of IL-4-dependent up-regulation of GATA-3 expression despite normal activation of STAT6. Transient inhibition of IFN-gamma production by differentiated effector cells may explain why Th1 and Th2 responses can co-exist in vivo although Th2 effector cells dominate functionally, as observed in some infectious or autoimmune mice models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Wurtz
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de la Méditerranée, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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Abstract
The Cre-loxP system permits the generation of mouse models in which the fate of a cell can be followed through time. Such approach is of great value in immunology because it may allow lineage studies and the dissection of the contribution of specific effector T cells to long-term memory responses or autoimmune responses. An essential component of such a strategy is the development of appropriate reporter strains of mice in which the inducible reporter molecule is not immunogenic and is well expressed at the cell surface of T cells. We describe here a novel reporter strain of mice that is designed to fulfill these criteria and show that this strain permits the monitoring of Cre-mediated recombination in both T cells and NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Wurtz
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, INSERM/CNRS/Université de la Méditérranée, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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Bajénoff M, Wurtz O, Guerder S. Repeated antigen exposure is necessary for the differentiation, but not the initial proliferation, of naive CD4(+) T cells. J Immunol 2002; 168:1723-9. [PMID: 11823503 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.4.1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms that regulate CD4(+) T cells responses in vivo are still poorly understood. We show here that initial Ag stimulation induces in CD4(+) T cells a program of proliferation that can develop, for at least seven cycles of division, in the absence of subsequent Ag or cytokine requirement. Thereafter, proliferation stops but can be reinitiated by novel Ag stimulation. This initial Ag stimulation does not however suffice to induce the differentiation of naive CD4(+) T cells into effector Th1 cells which requires multiple contacts with Ag-loaded APC. Thus, recurrent exposure to both Ag and polarizing cytokines appears to be essential for the differentiation of IFN-gamma-producing cells. Ag and cytokine availability therefore greatly limits the differentiation, but not the initial proliferation, of CD4(+) T cells into IFN-gamma-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bajénoff
- Center d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de la Méditérranée, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
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