Kus F, Guven DC, Yildirim HC, Chalabiyev E, Koc I, Tatar OD, Sirvan F, Sahin YB, Karaca E, Kabukcu F, Bay BA, Kavruk O, Erman M. Comparative Analysis of Prognostic Potential of Pretreatment Blood-Based Biomarkers in Metastatic Bladder Cancer: Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score.
J Clin Med 2025;
14:1954. [PMID:
40142762 PMCID:
PMC11942973 DOI:
10.3390/jcm14061954]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2025] [Revised: 03/06/2025] [Accepted: 03/12/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Metastatic bladder cancer (mBC) presents a significant global health challenge with a poor prognosis and considerably limited survival. Despite advancements in therapies, long-term survival remains difficult to predict. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic potential of various pretreatment blood-based biomarkers, including the NLR, dNLR, LMR, PLR, SII, mGPS, CAR, AGR, PNI, PIV, and Bellmunt score, in mBC patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 133 patients from Hacettepe University Cancer Institute was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression models were used to assess overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: There was a significant association between multiple biomarkers and OS in the univariate analysis, with a higher NLR, PLR, and SII linked to worse outcomes. However, in the multivariate analysis, only the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) maintained independent prognostic significance for OS (HR: 1.984, p = 0.013). This suggests that the mGPS, which reflects systemic inflammation and nutritional status, is a robust predictor of survival in mBC. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of integrating blood-based biomarkers into clinical decision-making to improve personalized treatment strategies. However, prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and assess their applicability to newer therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates.
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