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Molina V, Lubeiro A, de Luis Garcia R, Gomez-Pilar J, Martín-Santiago O, Iglesias-Tejedor M, Holgado-Madera P, Segarra-Echeverría R, Recio-Barbero M, Núñez P, Haidar MK, Fernández-Sevillano J, Sanz-Fuentenebro J. Deficits of entropy modulation of the EEG: A biomarker for altered function in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder? J Psychiatry Neurosci 2020; 45:322-333. [PMID: 32100521 PMCID: PMC7850148 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.190032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The synchronized activity of distributed neural assemblies — reflected in the electroencephalogram (EEG) — underpins mental function. In schizophrenia, modulation deficits of EEG spectral content during a P300 task have been replicated. The effects of treatment, chronicity and specificity in these deficits and their possible relationship with anatomic connectivity remain to be explored. METHODS We assessed spectral entropy modulation of the EEG during a P300 task in 79 patients with schizophrenia (of those, 31 werein their first episode), 29 patients with bipolar disorder and 48 healthy controls. Spectral entropy values summarize EEG characteristics by quantifying the irregularity of spectral content. In a subsample, we calculated the network architecture of structural connectivity using diffusion tensor imaging and graph-theory parameters. RESULTS We found significant spectral entropy modulation deficits with task performance in patients with chronic or first-episode schizophrenia and in patients with bipolar disorder, without significant pre-stimulus spectral entropy differences. The deficits were unrelated to treatment doses, and spectral entropy modulation did not differ between patients taking or not taking antipsychotics, lithium, benzodiazepines or antidepressants. Structural connectivity values were unrelated to spectral entropy modulation. In patients with schizophrenia, spectral entropy modulation was inversely related to negative symptoms and directly related to verbal memory. LIMITATIONS All patients were taking medication. Patients with bipolar disorder were euthymic and chronic. The cross-sectional nature of this study prevented a more thorough analysis of state versus trait criteria for spectral entropy changes. CONCLUSION Spectral entropy modulation with task performance is decreased in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. This deficit was not an effect of psychopharmacological treatment or structural connectivity and might reflect a deficit in the synchronization of the neural assemblies that underlie cognitive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Molina
- From the Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Lubeiro); the Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Martín-Santiago); the Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain (Molina); the Imaging Processing Laboratory, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (de Luis Garcia); the Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Gomez-Pilar, Núñez); the Neurophysiology Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Iglesias-Tejedor); the Psychiatry Service, Doce de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (Holgado-Madera, Sanz-Fuentenebro); the Psychiatry Service, Cruces Hospital, Bilbao, Spain (Segarra-Echeverría, Recio-Barbero); and the Psychiatry Service, Santiago Apostol Hospital, Vitoria, Spain (Haidar, Fernández-Sevillano)
| | - Alba Lubeiro
- From the Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Lubeiro); the Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Martín-Santiago); the Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain (Molina); the Imaging Processing Laboratory, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (de Luis Garcia); the Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Gomez-Pilar, Núñez); the Neurophysiology Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Iglesias-Tejedor); the Psychiatry Service, Doce de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (Holgado-Madera, Sanz-Fuentenebro); the Psychiatry Service, Cruces Hospital, Bilbao, Spain (Segarra-Echeverría, Recio-Barbero); and the Psychiatry Service, Santiago Apostol Hospital, Vitoria, Spain (Haidar, Fernández-Sevillano)
| | - Rodrigo de Luis Garcia
- From the Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Lubeiro); the Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Martín-Santiago); the Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain (Molina); the Imaging Processing Laboratory, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (de Luis Garcia); the Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Gomez-Pilar, Núñez); the Neurophysiology Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Iglesias-Tejedor); the Psychiatry Service, Doce de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (Holgado-Madera, Sanz-Fuentenebro); the Psychiatry Service, Cruces Hospital, Bilbao, Spain (Segarra-Echeverría, Recio-Barbero); and the Psychiatry Service, Santiago Apostol Hospital, Vitoria, Spain (Haidar, Fernández-Sevillano)
| | - Javier Gomez-Pilar
- From the Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Lubeiro); the Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Martín-Santiago); the Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain (Molina); the Imaging Processing Laboratory, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (de Luis Garcia); the Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Gomez-Pilar, Núñez); the Neurophysiology Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Iglesias-Tejedor); the Psychiatry Service, Doce de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (Holgado-Madera, Sanz-Fuentenebro); the Psychiatry Service, Cruces Hospital, Bilbao, Spain (Segarra-Echeverría, Recio-Barbero); and the Psychiatry Service, Santiago Apostol Hospital, Vitoria, Spain (Haidar, Fernández-Sevillano)
| | - Oscar Martín-Santiago
- From the Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Lubeiro); the Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Martín-Santiago); the Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain (Molina); the Imaging Processing Laboratory, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (de Luis Garcia); the Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Gomez-Pilar, Núñez); the Neurophysiology Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Iglesias-Tejedor); the Psychiatry Service, Doce de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (Holgado-Madera, Sanz-Fuentenebro); the Psychiatry Service, Cruces Hospital, Bilbao, Spain (Segarra-Echeverría, Recio-Barbero); and the Psychiatry Service, Santiago Apostol Hospital, Vitoria, Spain (Haidar, Fernández-Sevillano)
| | - María Iglesias-Tejedor
- From the Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Lubeiro); the Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Martín-Santiago); the Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain (Molina); the Imaging Processing Laboratory, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (de Luis Garcia); the Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Gomez-Pilar, Núñez); the Neurophysiology Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Iglesias-Tejedor); the Psychiatry Service, Doce de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (Holgado-Madera, Sanz-Fuentenebro); the Psychiatry Service, Cruces Hospital, Bilbao, Spain (Segarra-Echeverría, Recio-Barbero); and the Psychiatry Service, Santiago Apostol Hospital, Vitoria, Spain (Haidar, Fernández-Sevillano)
| | - Pedro Holgado-Madera
- From the Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Lubeiro); the Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Martín-Santiago); the Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain (Molina); the Imaging Processing Laboratory, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (de Luis Garcia); the Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Gomez-Pilar, Núñez); the Neurophysiology Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Iglesias-Tejedor); the Psychiatry Service, Doce de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (Holgado-Madera, Sanz-Fuentenebro); the Psychiatry Service, Cruces Hospital, Bilbao, Spain (Segarra-Echeverría, Recio-Barbero); and the Psychiatry Service, Santiago Apostol Hospital, Vitoria, Spain (Haidar, Fernández-Sevillano)
| | - Rafael Segarra-Echeverría
- From the Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Lubeiro); the Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Martín-Santiago); the Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain (Molina); the Imaging Processing Laboratory, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (de Luis Garcia); the Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Gomez-Pilar, Núñez); the Neurophysiology Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Iglesias-Tejedor); the Psychiatry Service, Doce de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (Holgado-Madera, Sanz-Fuentenebro); the Psychiatry Service, Cruces Hospital, Bilbao, Spain (Segarra-Echeverría, Recio-Barbero); and the Psychiatry Service, Santiago Apostol Hospital, Vitoria, Spain (Haidar, Fernández-Sevillano)
| | - María Recio-Barbero
- From the Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Lubeiro); the Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Martín-Santiago); the Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain (Molina); the Imaging Processing Laboratory, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (de Luis Garcia); the Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Gomez-Pilar, Núñez); the Neurophysiology Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Iglesias-Tejedor); the Psychiatry Service, Doce de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (Holgado-Madera, Sanz-Fuentenebro); the Psychiatry Service, Cruces Hospital, Bilbao, Spain (Segarra-Echeverría, Recio-Barbero); and the Psychiatry Service, Santiago Apostol Hospital, Vitoria, Spain (Haidar, Fernández-Sevillano)
| | - Pablo Núñez
- From the Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Lubeiro); the Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Martín-Santiago); the Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain (Molina); the Imaging Processing Laboratory, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (de Luis Garcia); the Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Gomez-Pilar, Núñez); the Neurophysiology Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Iglesias-Tejedor); the Psychiatry Service, Doce de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (Holgado-Madera, Sanz-Fuentenebro); the Psychiatry Service, Cruces Hospital, Bilbao, Spain (Segarra-Echeverría, Recio-Barbero); and the Psychiatry Service, Santiago Apostol Hospital, Vitoria, Spain (Haidar, Fernández-Sevillano)
| | - Mahmoud Karim Haidar
- From the Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Lubeiro); the Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Martín-Santiago); the Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain (Molina); the Imaging Processing Laboratory, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (de Luis Garcia); the Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Gomez-Pilar, Núñez); the Neurophysiology Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Iglesias-Tejedor); the Psychiatry Service, Doce de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (Holgado-Madera, Sanz-Fuentenebro); the Psychiatry Service, Cruces Hospital, Bilbao, Spain (Segarra-Echeverría, Recio-Barbero); and the Psychiatry Service, Santiago Apostol Hospital, Vitoria, Spain (Haidar, Fernández-Sevillano)
| | - Jessica Fernández-Sevillano
- From the Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Lubeiro); the Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Martín-Santiago); the Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain (Molina); the Imaging Processing Laboratory, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (de Luis Garcia); the Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Gomez-Pilar, Núñez); the Neurophysiology Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Iglesias-Tejedor); the Psychiatry Service, Doce de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (Holgado-Madera, Sanz-Fuentenebro); the Psychiatry Service, Cruces Hospital, Bilbao, Spain (Segarra-Echeverría, Recio-Barbero); and the Psychiatry Service, Santiago Apostol Hospital, Vitoria, Spain (Haidar, Fernández-Sevillano)
| | - Javier Sanz-Fuentenebro
- From the Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Lubeiro); the Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Molina, Martín-Santiago); the Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain (Molina); the Imaging Processing Laboratory, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (de Luis Garcia); the Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Gomez-Pilar, Núñez); the Neurophysiology Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (Iglesias-Tejedor); the Psychiatry Service, Doce de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (Holgado-Madera, Sanz-Fuentenebro); the Psychiatry Service, Cruces Hospital, Bilbao, Spain (Segarra-Echeverría, Recio-Barbero); and the Psychiatry Service, Santiago Apostol Hospital, Vitoria, Spain (Haidar, Fernández-Sevillano)
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Gomez-Pilar J, Martín-Santiago O, Suazo V, de Azua SR, Haidar MK, Gallardo R, Poza J, Hornero R, Molina V. Association between electroencephalographic modulation, psychotic-like experiences and cognitive performance in the general population. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 70:286-294. [PMID: 26991434 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM An association between deficit of electroencephalographic (EEG) modulation during an odd-ball task and psychotic symptoms has been described in clinical samples, in agreement with the proposed role for altered salience in psychosis. To discard the possible influence of medication, the relationship between psychotic-like experiences and EEG modulation in the general population was explored. METHODS EEG and psychotic-like experiences were assessed in 194 healthy subjects during a P300 paradigm. EEG modulation was assessed as changes from pre-stimulus to response windows in spectral entropy (SE, a measurement of signal irregularity), median frequency (MF, a quantifier of the frequency distribution of oscillatory activity) and theta, alpha, beta-1, beta-2 and gamma relative power (RP, a summary of the distribution of spectral components). RESULTS A significant widespread decrease in SE and MF from baseline to response was found, with a significant increase in RP for theta and a decrease for higher frequency bands, supporting an increase in EEG regularity and a slowing of brain oscillations during the response. Furthermore, a significant association was found between SE modulation and distress of negative psychotic-like experiences, as well as between verbal memory and RP modulation for beta-1. Performance in verbal fluency was associated with the increase in theta RP during the response. CONCLUSION EEG irregularity of healthy subjects decreased at the expense of a larger contribution of theta RP and a decreased contribution of fast frequency bands. Subjects with smaller modulation showed poorer cognitive scores and greater distress of negative psychotic-like experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gomez-Pilar
- Biomedical Engineering Group, Department, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Vanessa Suazo
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sonia Ruiz de Azua
- Neuroscience Department, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain.,Psychiatry Service, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Gallardo
- Psychiatry Service, University Hospital of Palencia, Palencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Poza
- Biomedical Engineering Group, Department, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación en Matemáticas (IMUVA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Roberto Hornero
- Biomedical Engineering Group, Department, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación en Matemáticas (IMUVA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Vicente Molina
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Psychiatry Service, University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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