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Saeidi H, Ismail P, Samudi Raju C, Khairul-Asri MG, Bakrin IH. Genetic alterations in prostate cancer as diagnostic and prognostic markers. Malays J Pathol 2023; 45:149-155. [PMID: 37658525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second-most frequently diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Serum prostatespecific antigen is currently used for the early detection of prostate cancer. However, new biomarkers are needed to decrease over diagnosis and over treatment of prostate cancer due to limitations of prostate-specific antigen. Recently, molecular biomarkers have shown promising results for diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Molecular biomarkers have improved the sensitivity and specificity of prostate-specific antigen and studies are ongoing to identify molecular biomarkers as a replacement for prostate-specific antigen. This review aims to give an overview of emerging molecular biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Saeidi
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Science, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - P Ismail
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Science, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - C Samudi Raju
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M G Khairul-Asri
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Urology, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - I H Bakrin
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Serdang, Malaysia.
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Khazaei S, Abdul Hamid R, Mohd Esa N, Ramachandran V, Aalam GTF, Etemad A, Ismail P. Promotion of HepG2 cell apoptosis by flower of Allium atroviolaceum and the mechanism of action. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017; 17:104. [PMID: 28187719 PMCID: PMC5303252 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1594-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Liver cancer is a high incidence and fatal disease, the fifth most frequent cancer worldwide that is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. The number of deaths from liver cancer has not declined even following various therapies. Plant secondary metabolites and their semi-synthetic derivatives play a principal role in anti-cancer drug therapy, since they are effective in the treatment of specific characteristics while also reducing side effects. Allium atroviolaceum, a plant of the genus Allium has been used in folk medicine to protect against several diseases. However, cytotoxicity and the anti-proliferative effect of Allium atroviolaceum remain unclear. This work aims to investigate the anticancer properties of Allium atroviolaceum and the mechanism of action. Methods To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of flower of Allium atroviolaceum, methanol extract at a dose range from 100 to 3.12 μg/ml was assessed against the HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cell line, and also on normal 3T3 cells, by monitoring proliferation using the MTT assay method. A microscopy study was undertaken to observe morphological changes of HepG2 cells after treatment and cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were studied using flow cytometry. The apoptosis mechanism of action was assessed by the level of caspase-3 activity and expression of apoptosis related genes, Bcl-2, Cdk1 and p53. The combination effect of the methanolic extract with doxorubicin was also investigated by determination of a combination index. Results The results demonstrated growth inhibition of cells in both dose- and time-dependent manners, while no cytotoxic effect on normal cell 3T3 was found. The results revealed the occurrence of apoptosis, illustrated by sub-G0 cell cycle arrest, the change in morphological feature and annexin-V and propidium iodide staining, which is correlated with Bcl-2 downregulation and caspase-3 activity, but p53-independent. In addition, a combination of Allium atroviolaceum and doxorubicin led to a significant synergistic effect. Conclusion These findings suggest that Allium atroviolaceum flower extract has potential as a potent cytotoxic agent against HepG2 cell lines, as it has commendable anti-proliferative activities against human hepatocarcinoma and it can be considered as an effective adjuvant therapeutic agent after the clinical trials.
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Nemati R, Lu J, Ramachandran V, Etemad A, Heidari M, Yahya MJ, Roozafzoon R, Ismail P. Association between the C34T polymorphism of the AMPD1 gene and essential hypertension in Malaysian patients. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr6241. [PMID: 27323204 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15026241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether C34T, a common polymorphism of the adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 gene (AMPD1), is associated with essential hypertension (EH). We hypothesize that C34T is associated with the development of EH. A case-control design was used for this study. The DNA was extracted using a commercial kit from the whole blood of 200 patients with hypertension and 200 subjects without hypertension from selected Malaysian ethnicities (Malays, Chinese, and Indians). Polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and agarose gel electrophoresis were used for genotyping. The C34T gene polymorphism of AMPD1 was significantly associated with EH in the Malaysian subjects (P < 0.0001). The genotype frequencies of CC, CT, and TT were 6%, 79%, and 15%, respectively, among hypertensive subjects, while no TT genotypes were observed in the normotensive subjects. Further, the frequency of hypertension was higher among T allele carriers than C carriers (OD = 9.94; 95%CI = 6.851-14.434). There were significant differences in the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure (P ˂ 0.05) between the normotensive and hypertensive Malaysian subjects; we believe those difference were caused by the C34T polymorphism. For the first time in Malaysia, the current study provides evidence that a common polymorphism of the AMPD1 gene (C34T) is strongly associated with EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nemati
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,School of Applied Sciences and Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J Lu
- School of Applied Sciences and Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Interprofessional Health Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Institute of Biomedical Technology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - V Ramachandran
- Malaysian Research Institute of Aging, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A Etemad
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Heidari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical and Health Sciences, Poursina Avenue, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, Iran
| | - M J Yahya
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R Roozafzoon
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Science & Stem cell Preparation Unit, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Ismail
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Jafarlou M, Baradaran B, Shanehbandi D, Saedi TA, Jafarlou V, Ismail P, Othman F. siRNA-mediated inhibition of survivin gene enhances the anti-cancer effect of etoposide in U-937 acute myeloid leukemia cells. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2016; 62:44-49. [PMID: 27262801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most frequent types of leukemia which mostly affects adult people. Resistance to therapeutic drugs is considered as a major clinical concern resulting in a weaker response to chemotherapy, disease relapse and decreased survival rate. Survivin, a member of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs), is associated with drug resistance and inhibition of apoptotic mechanisms in numerous hematological malignancies. In the present study, we examined the combined effect of etoposide and siRNA-mediated silencing of survivin on U-937 acute myeloid leukemia cells. The AML cells were transfected with survivin specific siRNA and gene knockdown was confirmed by quantitative real time PCR and western blotting. Subsequently, U-937 cells were assessed for response to etoposide treatment and apoptosis rate was measured with flowcytometery. The cytotoxic effects in siRNA-etoposide group were measured and compared to etoposide single therapy group. Survivin siRNA effectively knocked down the mRNA and protein levels of survivin, which led to lower cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. Furthermore, combined treatment of etoposide and survivin siRNA synergistically increased the cell toxic effects of etoposide and its ability to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jafarlou
- Universiti Putra Malaysia Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Selangor Malaysia
| | - B Baradaran
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Immunology Research center Tabriz Iran
| | - D Shanehbandi
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Immunology Research center Tabriz Iran
| | - T A Saedi
- Universiti Putra Malaysia Institute of Biosciences Selangor Malaysia
| | - V Jafarlou
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Department of Surgery, Imam Reza hospital Tabriz Iran
| | - P Ismail
- Universiti Putra Malaysia Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Selangor Malaysia
| | - F Othman
- Universiti Putra Malaysia Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Selangor Malaysia
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Lee T, Lai M, Ismail P, Ramachandran V, Tan J, Teh L, Othman R, Hussein N, George E. Analysis of α1 and α2 globin genes among patients with hemoglobin Adana in Malaysia. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr7400. [DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15027400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Etemad A, Vasudevan R, Aziz A, Yusof A, Khazaei S, Fawzi N, Jamalpour S, Arkani M, Mohammad N, Ismail P. Analysis of selected glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphisms in Malaysian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without cardiovascular disease. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr5845. [DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15025845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Saedi TA, Ghafourian S, Jafarlou M, Sabariah MN, Ismail P, Eusni RMT, Othman F. BERBERIS VULGARIS FRUIT CRUDE EXTRACT AS A NOVEL ANTI-LEUKAEMIC AGENT. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2015; 29:395-399. [PMID: 26122228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor protein p53 encoded by the TP53 gene in humans is known as a cancer biomarker in patients diagnosed with cancer, and it plays an essential role in apoptosis, genomic stability, and inhibition of angiogenesis. Cancer therapies with common chemotherapy methods are effective, as known, but have some side effects. Berberis vulgaris is traditionally administrated as a cancer drug. The current research aims to evaluate p53 as a biomarker in WEHI-3 cell line and to demonstrate the Berberis vulgaris fruit crude extract (BVFCE) as a new anticancer drug. For this purpose, we evaluated the effect of BVFCE in different concentrations against WEHI-3cell line in vitro and determined the quantitative level of p53 gene in the treated WEHI-3 cells. The results demonstrated that even at only 1 mg/ml concentration of Berberis vulgaris crude extract, there was a low level of p53 biomarker expression on WEHI-3 cells in comparison with doxorubicin. Therefore, the current study suggests BVFCE as a reliable anti-leukaemic drug and candidate for anticancer therapy. However, further investigation need be carried out to confirm its efficiency in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Berberis/chemistry
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Fruit/chemistry
- Genes, p53
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Saedi
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S Ghafourian
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - M Jafarlou
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M N Sabariah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - P Ismail
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R M T Eusni
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F Othman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Komara M, Vasudevan R, Ismail P, Bakar SA, Pishva SR, Heidari F. Association of beta 2 adrenoceptor gene polymorphisms in Malaysian hypertensive subjects. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:2939-48. [PMID: 24782128 DOI: 10.4238/2014.april.16.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system plays a major role in blood pressure regulation. Beta 2 (β2) adrenoceptor gene polymorphisms have been associated with hypertension in different populations with conflicting results. We examined the association of three common polymorphisms, Arg16Gly, Gln27Glu, and Thr164Ile, of the β2 adrenoceptor gene in Malaysian hypertensive subjects. A total of 160 hypertensive and control subjects were recruited. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and anthropometric measurements were obtained from each subject. Biochemical analyses of lipid profiles were conducted with an autoanalyzer. DNA samples were extracted from blood and buccal cells. Genotyping was accomplished with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. SBP, DBP, body mass index, and biochemical factors all differed significantly between case and control subjects (P < 0.05). The genotype frequencies of Arg16Arg, Arg16Gly, and Gly16Gly were 22.5, 70, and 7.5% among cases and 33.1, 63.1, and 3.8% among controls, respectively. The genotype frequencies of Gln27Gln, Gln27Glu, and Glu27Glu among cases were 41.1, 50, and 1.9% compared to 77.5, 20.6, and 1.9% among controls, respectively. In this study, the Gln27Glu polymorphism was significantly associated with Malaysian hypertensive subjects (P < 0.05). Therefore, the Gln27Glu polymorphism of the β2 adrenoceptor could be a risk factor associated with hypertension among Malaysians.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Komara
- Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R Vasudevan
- Institute of Gerontology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - P Ismail
- Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S A Bakar
- Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S R Pishva
- Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F Heidari
- Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Eshkoor S, Marashi S, Ismail P, Rahman S, Mirinargesi M, Adon M, Devan R. Association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 with ageing in auto repair shop workers. Genet Mol Res 2012; 11:1486-96. [DOI: 10.4238/2012.may.21.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ismail P, Abbasi S, Azimi C, Othman F, Noori Dalo M, Ashtiani Z, Mojarrad M, Oskouei S, Nejad F. Estrogen Receptor-α Gene Codon 10 (T392C) Polymorphism in Iranian Women with Breast Cancer: A Case Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/tms.2009.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Vasudevan R, Ismail P, Stanslas J, Shamsudin N. Association of G2350A Polymorphism of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene with Essential Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Malaysian Subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2008.1045.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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