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Jiang N, Yang YT, Bi RY, Cao PY, Hou Y, Zhu SS. [Comprehensive measurement and quantification of bio-mechanical properties of the temporomandibular joint disc]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 56:764-768. [PMID: 34404142 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20210322-00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To comprehensively investigate the biomechanical properties of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc and to perfect the mechanical testing system of the TMJ disc by conducting tests of compression, tension, cyclic compression, cyclic tension, creep and friction. Methods: Fifteen fresh goat heads (weighing 2.5-3.0 kg) were purchased from the market. They were all ordinary goats (9-12 months old, body weighing 18-21 kg) regardless of gender. Bilateral articular discs (a total of 30) were dissected within 30 minutes after execution. According to the national standard for mechanical testing of viscoelastic materials, fresh TMJ disc specimens of goat were prepared and tests were carried out in physiological conditions. The universal mechanical testing machine was utilized to test biomechanical properties of TMJ discs. Results: The compressive modulus of TMJ discs was (8.41±2.12) MPa and the tensile modulus was (9.54±3.26) MPa. The mechanical characteristics would be irreversibly altered once the load exceeded the physiological range. In addition, it underwent apparent creep relaxation under continuous strain (0.5 MPa or 3.0 MPa) and the surface friction coefficient of the TMJ discs (0.015+0.011) was much lower than that of general viscoelastic materials. Conclusions: The TMJ disc was a bio-viscoelastic structure with excellent tensile and compressive properties and its surface was extremely smooth in wet conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y T Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - R Y Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - P Y Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - S S Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Amenomori M, Ayabe S, Cao PY, Ding LK, Feng ZY, Fu Y, Guo HW, He M, Hibino K, Hotta N, Huang Q, Huo AX, Izu K, Jia HY, Kajino F, Kasahara K, Katayose Y, Li JY, Lu H, Lu SL, Luo GX, Meng XR, Mizutani K, Mu J, Nanjo H, Nishizawa M, Ohnishi M, Ohta I, Ouchi T, Ren JR, Saito T, Sakata M, Sasaki T, Shi ZZ, Shibata M, Shiomi A, Shirai T, Sugimoto H, Taira K, Tan YH, Tateyama N, Torii S, Utsugi T, Wang CR, Wang H, Xu XW, Yamamoto Y, Yu GC, Yuan AF, Yuda T, Zhang CS, Zhang HM, Zhang JL, Zhang NJ, Zhang XY, Zhou WD, Collaboration) T. Observation of Multi-TeV Gamma Rays from the Crab Nebula using the Tibet Air Shower Array. Astrophys J 1999; 525:L93-L96. [PMID: 10525462 DOI: 10.1086/312342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Tibet experiment, operating at Yangbajing (4300 m above sea level), is the lowest energy air shower array, and the new high-density array constructed in 1996 is sensitive to gamma-ray air showers at energies as low as 3 TeV. With this new array, the Crab Nebula was observed in multi-TeV gamma-rays and a signal was detected at the 5.5 sigma level. We also obtained the energy spectrum of gamma-rays in the energy region above 3 TeV which partially overlaps those observed with imaging atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes. The Crab spectrum observed in this energy region can be represented by the power-law fit dJ&parl0;E&parr0;&solm0;dE=&parl0;4.61+/-0.90&parr0;x10-12&parl0;E&solm0;3 TeV&parr0;-2.62+/-0.17 cm-2 s-1 TeV-1. This is the first observation of gamma-ray signals from point sources with a conventional air shower array using scintillation detectors.
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Ren JR, Huo AX, Lu SL, Su S, Wang CR, Zhang NJ, Cao PY, Zou BT, Li JY, Wang SZ, Bai GZ, Liu ZH, Li GJ, Geng QX, Zhou WD, He RD, Amenomori M, Nanjo H, Hotta N, Ohta I, Mizutani K, Kasahara K, Yuda T, Shibata M, Shirai T, Tateyama N, Torii S, Sugimoto H, Taira K. Primary-cosmic-ray protons above 1015 eV derived from the observation of superhigh-energy halo events. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1988; 38:1426-1432. [PMID: 9959288 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.38.1426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Ren JR, Huo AX, Lu SL, Su S, Wang CR, Chang NJ, Cao PY, Li JY, Zou BT, Wang SZ, Bai GZ, Liu ZH, Li GJ, Geng QX, He RD, Zhou WD, Amenomori M, Nanjo H, Hotta N, Ohta I, Mizutani K, Kasahara K, Yuda T, Shirai T, Tateyama N, Torii S, Shibata M, Sugimoto H, Taira K. Hadronic interactions and primary-cosmic-ray composition at energies around 10(15)-10(16) eV derived from the analysis of high-energy gamma families. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1988; 38:1404-1416. [PMID: 9959286 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.38.1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Ren JR, Huo AX, Lu SL, Su S, Wang CR, Chang NJ, Cao PY, Li JY, Zou BT, Wang SZ, Bai GZ, Liu ZH, Li GJ, Geng QX, He RD, Zhou WD, Amenomori M, Nanjo H, Hotta N, Ohta I, Mizutani K, Kasahara K, Yuda T, Shirai T, Tateyama N, Torii S, Shibata M, Sugimoto H, Taira K. Properties of hadron families observed with thick-type emulsion chambers at Mts. Kanbala and Fuji and search for Centauro events. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1988; 38:1417-1425. [PMID: 9959287 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.38.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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