Nesting and hatching behaviour of Olive Ridley Turtles Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829) (Reptilia: Cryptodira: Cheloniidae) on Dr. Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha, India

This paper reports the nesting, impact of lunar phase and rainfall on mass nesting, hatching, and hatchling behaviour of L. olivacea in Dr. Abdul Kalam Island, Bhadrak District, Odisha.  The study site is a well-known rookery for this species.  A study of 15 mass nesting events between 2003 and 2020 using Rayleigh’s test indicated that the onset of mass nesting was not uniform across a lunar month, but was most intense towards the beginning of the fourth quarter moon (mean lunar day = 22.44).  Also, rainfall and mass-nesting data from 2015 to 2020 revealed that ≥3.2 mm rainfall in February delayed mass nesting from the second fortnight of February to the end of the first fortnight of March.  Sporadic nesting continued after hatching commenced in May, and continued until the end of May 2020, with an average of three turtles nesting each day.  At night, a cohort of hatchlings from individual nests emerged synchronously.  Before emergence they remained a little beneath the sand surface in airy-shallow pits.  During hatchling emergence these pits fill with sand, leaving depressions described as “emergence craters” in recent literature on L. olivacea.  To study hatchling emergence 30 such craters were examined in May 2020, and the numbers of emerged hatchlings per cohort varied from 28 to 182.  Of 30 craters examined, 28 were circular and two were elliptical, with diameters varying between 10 and 26 cm.  Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the numbers of emerged hatchlings and crater diameter was 0.38.  Hatchlings took 17 min 22 sec (SD= ±5min 30 sec) on average to reach the sea from a mean distance of 34.6m.

A Comparative Evaluation of Revascularization Done in Traumatized Immature, Necrotic Anterior Teeth with and without Platelet-rich Fibrin: A Case Report

The aim of this paper is to present two methods of revascularization done in traumatized immature, nonvital anterior teeth using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and natural blood clot as a scaffold material. This was performed after disinfection of the root canal space using tri-antibacterial paste. In one tooth, PRF prepared from autologous blood was placed in the canal and in the other tooth, natural bleeding was induced to obtain a fresh blood clot. The patient was recalled regularly at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months’ interval for evaluation. After 12 months, on clinical examination, both teeth showed negative response to percussion and palpation tests but positive response to cold and electric pulp tests. On radiographic examination, the tooth treated with PRF exhibited comparatively faster root lengthening, complete closure of the root apex, more thickening of the root dentinal walls, and narrowing of root canal space compared to conventionally revascularized tooth.

How to cite this article: Nagaveni NB, Poornima P, Mathew MG, et al. A Comparative Evaluation of Revascularization Done in Traumatized Immature, Necrotic Anterior Teeth with and without Platelet-rich Fibrin: A Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(1):98–102.

Revascularization of a Nonvital, Immature Permanent Tooth Using Amniotic Membrane: A Novel Approach

Aim

To evaluate the clinical and radiological results of a revascularization treatment done in a nonvital, immature permanent tooth using the amniotic membrane.

Case description

A 12-year-old boy reported with a complaint of pain in the lower left back tooth since 1 month due to dental caries. On clinical examination, the mandibular left second premolar was tender on percussion and discolored due to dental caries. Radiographic examination of the same tooth revealed open apex, thin root dentinal walls, and periodontal ligament widening. An access opening was prepared, necrotic pulp extirpated completely followed by thorough irrigation. After drying the canal, closed dressing with the 3-mix antibacterial paste was given for 15 days. After 15 days, the paste was removed and the amniotic membrane was placed inside the canal extending 1 mm beyond the apex and mineral tri-oxide aggregate was placed over this followed by sealing of the cavity. The patient was followed up at 1, 3, and 6 months for clinical and radiographic evaluation.

Conclusion

After 6 months, clinically the tooth found asymptomatic. Radiographic examination showed continued root elongation, closure in the periapical opening, thick root dentinal walls with narrowing of the canal space, and normal periradicular architecture.

Clinical significance

Amniotic membrane can be used as a scaffold for revascularization in nonvital immature teeth.

How to cite this article

NB Nagaveni, P Poornima, et al. Revascularization of a Nonvital, Immature Permanent Tooth Using Amniotic Membrane: A Novel Approach. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(2):150–152.

Comparative evaluation of compressive strength and surface microhardness of EQUIA Forte, resin-modified glass-ionomer cement with conventional glass-ionomer cement

PURPOSE

The study aimed to evaluate and compare the compressive strength and surface microhardness of EQUIA Forte, light cure, and conventional glass-ionomer cement (GIC).

METHODOLOGY

Fifty-four pellets of G-Coat (GC) Gold Label 2, GC Gold Label light-cured universal restorative material, and EQUIA Forte GIC were prepared of dimensions (6 × 4) mm and were divided into three groups (18) each and were stored at 37°C for 1 h and then immersed in 20 ml of deionized water, artificial saliva, and lactic acid six each, respectively, over 30 days. Samples were subjected to surface microhardness and compressive strength test on the 1^st day, 7^th day, and 30^th day. Results were subjected to ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test.

RESULTS

Comparing the compressive strength of EQUIA Forte from day 1 to 30 when placed in artificial saliva, there was a significant increase on day 30 (P = 0.007); compared to other groups. The surface microhardness of EQUIA Forte from day 1 to 30 when placed in artificial saliva nonsignificantly decreased comparing to other groups.

CONCLUSION

Surface microhardness and compressive strength of EQUIA Forte were significantly high in comparison to the other groups.

Malocclusion and dental caries experience among 8-9-year-old children in a city of South Indian region: A cross-sectional survey

BACKGROUND

Although numerous studies have documented malocclusion in various age groups in India, the literature on the prevalence of malocclusion in mixed dentition is scanty. Dental caries is another most common condition affecting the general health. However, its association with malocclusion in mixed dentition is not well known.

AIM

The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of malocclusion and its association with caries experience in 8-9-year-old children of Davangere city, South Indian region.

SETTING AND DESIGN

The study design was a cross-sectional survey.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 800 children from 350 schools (both males and females) were randomly selected for the study. t-test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS

The overall prevalence of malocclusion among 8-9-year-old children was 40.9%. The most prevalent malocclusion was crowding (11.5%), followed by excessive overjet (9.4%), deep bite (6.8%), spacing (6.5%), crossbite (4.5%), and open bite (3.2%). Class I molar relationship prevailed in 95.5% of children.

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of malocclusion in our study was in accordance with the other studies reported in India, which ranged from 19.6% to 90%. Furthermore, correlation of malocclusion and dental caries in the primary dentition, although nonsignificant, presented children with malocclusion to have a higher caries experience than children without malocclusion.

Inhibition of Residual Cariogenic Bacteria in Atraumatic Restorative Treatment by Chlorhexidine: Disinfection or Incorporation

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of chlorhexidine (CHX) cavity disinfection and of CHX containing glass ionomer cement (GIC) in inhibiting residual cariogenic bacteria.

METHODS

Ninety, five- to nine-year-olds were randomly allocated to three groups: Group 1-CHX containing GIC; Group 2-CHX cavity disinfection; and Group 3-conventional GIC. Total viable count (TVC), Streptococcus mutans (SM), and Lactobacillus (LB) were analyzed pre-, post-, and three months after atraumatic restorative treatment (ART). The results were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance.

RESULTS

At three months microbial evaluation, Group 1 showed 65 percent reduction of both TVC and LB and 67 percent of SM. Group two showed 64 percent, 58 percent, and 56 percent reduction of TVC, LB, and SM respectively. Group 3 exhibited 41 percent, 42 percent, and 46 percent reduction in mean TVC, LB, and SM counts respectively. Residual microbial counts for Group 3 were 0.41, 0.61, and 0.53 (105 colony forming units) for TVC, LB, and SM, respectively, which was significantly higher (P<0.01) compared to the respective microbial counts in Groups 1 and 2.

CONCLUSION

Both chlorhexidine disinfection and incorporation showed superior efficacy in inhibiting residual microbes compared to conventional ART.

Volumetric evaluation of various obturation techniques in primary teeth using cone beam computed tomography - An in vitro study

AIM

The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the efficiency of five different obturation methods in delivering the filling material into the canals of primary teeth using cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scan.

METHOD

A total of fifty prepared canals of primary teeth which further divided into five groups with ten canals in each group were obturated with zinc oxide-eugenol cement using five different obturation methods such as endodontic plugger, lentulo spiral (handheld), lentulo spiral mounted on slow speed handpiece, local anesthetic syringe, and tuberculin syringe. Using CBCT scan, the pre- and post-obturation volume and the percentage of obturated volume (POV) were calculated for each group. The results obtained were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test.

RESULTS

Following CBCT scan, the method obturated with lentulo spiral mounted to handpiece showed the highest POV value followed by the method of lentulo spiral mounted to handpiece, hand plugger, and tuberculin syringe. Local anesthetic syringe gave the least POV (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Lentulo spiral mounted to handpiece showed the best technique of obturation using CBCT evaluation among the five groups evaluated in primary teeth. However, more studies are highly essential to prove it a boon for estimating obturation quality in primary teeth.

In vitro Evaluation of Stainless Steel Crowns cemented with Resin-modified Glass Ionomer and Two New Self-adhesive Resin Cements

AIMS

To assess and compare the retentive strength of two dual-polymerized self-adhesive resin cements (RelyX U200, 3M ESPE & SmartCem2, Dentsply Caulk) and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC; RelyX Luting 2, 3M ESPE) on stainless steel crown (SSC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Thirty extracted teeth were mounted on cold cured acrylic resin blocks exposing the crown till the cemento-enamel junction. Pretrimmed, precontoured SSC was selected for a particular tooth. Standardized tooth preparation for SSC was performed by single operator. The crowns were then luted with either RelyX U200 or SmartCem2 or RelyX Luting 2 cement. Retentive strength was tested using Instron universal testing machine. The retentive strength values were recorded and calculated by the formula: Load/Area.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

One-way analysis of variance was used for multiple comparisons followed by post hoc Tukey's test for groupwise comparisons. Unpaired t-test was used for intergroup comparisons.

RESULTS

RelyX U200 showed significantly higher retentive strength than rest of the two cements (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between the retentive strength of SmartCem2 and RelyX Luting 2 (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The retentive strength of dual-polymerized self-adhesive resin cements was better than RMGIC, and RelyX U200 significantly improved crown retention when compared with SmartCem2 and RelyX Luting 2.

HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE

Pathak S, Shashibhushan KK, Poornima P, Reddy VVS. In vitro Evaluation of Stainless Steel Crowns cemented with Resin-modified Glass Ionomer and Two New Self-adhesive Resin Cements. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(3):197-200.

Effect of newer antioxidants on the bond strength of composite on bleached enamel

AIM

The study aims to evaluate the effect of the application of two antioxidants on the bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Eighty enamel surfaces were obtained from forty human extracted premolars. Specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 20). Group 1: No bleaching (control); Group 2a: Bleaching with 15% carbamide peroxide gel; Group 2b: Bleaching, followed by application of 10% sodium ascorbate gel; Group 2c: Bleaching, followed by application of 5% proanthocyanidin agent. Surfaces were etched followed by application of total etch bonding system, and composite resin cylinders were bonded. Specimens were tested for shear bond strength.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED

One-way analysis of variance was used for multiple group comparison and post hoc Tukey's test for individual group-wise comparison.

RESULTS

Significantly higher shear bond strength values were observed in Group 2c and 2b as compared with Group 1 and 2a (P < 0.05). Among the antioxidants, Group 2c showed significantly higher shear bond strength values than Group 2b (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

It can be concluded that the use of antioxidant before bonding procedures on bleached enamel completely neutralizes the deleterious effects of bleaching and increases the bond strength significantly.

Comparative Evaluation of Longevity of Fluoride Release From three Different Fluoride Varnishes - An Invitro Study

INTRODUCTION

Fluoride varnishes play a pivotal role in inhibition of dental caries by increasing remineralization.

AIM

To determine the longevity of fluoride release from 3 different fluoride varnishes over a period of time through salivary fluoride estimation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Twenty four extracted human deciduous anterior teeth were divided into four groups, i.e., ClinproTM XT, Flouritop SR, Flourprotector and Control group. Fluoride varnishes were applied on 3mm x 3mm window on labial surface of the teeth and then the teeth were immersed and stored in artificial saliva. The concentration of fluoride in ppm was measured after 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. Fluoride release at each time interval for different groups was statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey's test.

RESULTS

Although all the fluoride varnishes released fluoride, with greatest release observed during 1(st) week by Fluoritop SR (66.92±16.30ppm), ClinproTM XT Varnish released consistently and substantially more fluoride than Fluoritop SR and Fluorprotector during 6 months analysis (p<0.05). Fluorprotector showed the lowest rate of F release among all the groups compared.

CONCLUSION

Over a period of 6 months ClinproTM XT Varnish released consistently and substantially more fluoride than other tested products.

Prevalence of a few variant dental features in children aged 11-16 years in Davangere, a city in Karnataka

CONTEXT

Variations in morphology of shape of teeth have always been of interest to dentists from ancient times. But to our surprise, till date, no studies related to the prevalence of dental features have been conducted in any part of the world.

AIMS

To evaluate the prevalence of a few variant dental features in a group of children aged from 11 to 16 years in the city of Davangere that belongs to the state of Karnataka, India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross-sectional survey was conducted where children aged 11-16 years were selected (both girls and boys) and type III clinical examination was done. They were checked for the following features - Carabelli's cusp, 3-cusped maxillary 2(nd) molar, 5-cusped maxillary 1(st) molar, 4-cusped mandibular 1(st) molar, 5-cusped mandibular 2(nd) molar, cusp 6 present in mandibular 1(st) molar, and 7-cusped mandibular 1(st) molar.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED

The Chi-square test was used to analyze the categorical data. P value of 0.05 or less was considered for statistical significance.

RESULTS

Around 99.3% of the school children examined had at least one of the dental variations that were examined in relation to the shape of teeth.

CONCLUSIONS

This study definitely provides us with baseline data, but further epidemiological studies are required to determine the prevalence of the above mentioned dental anomalies.

Dental health in children with congenital bleeding disorders in and around Davangere: A case-control study

AIM

The present study was carried out to investigate the dental and some other aspects of oral health status of young patients with congenital bleeding disorders (CBDs) and compared with controls.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Decayed, missed, filled tooth surfaces (DMFS-dmfs) in permanent and primary teeth scores, simplified oral hygiene index, occlusion, occurrence of hypoplasia, fluorosis other hard tissue and soft tissue findings of 50 CBD patients at the age range of 4-15 years and 50 of other children as control were compared. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and Student's unpaired t-test.

RESULTS

Patients were significantly more caries-free with less decayed teeth in primary-permanent dentition (P < 0.05) and with lower scores for overall hygiene.

CONCLUSION

By this, it can be concluded that children with CBD have a significantly lower prevalence of dental caries and better oral hygiene compared with matched, healthy controls.

Comparative evaluation of microleakage of conventional and modifications of glass ionomer cement in primary teeth: An in vitro study

AIMS

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the microleakage among conventional, resin modified glass ionomer cements (GIC), and compomer cements in primary teeth.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Forty-five over retained non carious primary molars beyond exfoliation time were collected and randomly divided into three groups (n = 15). Group A: GC Fuji II; Group B: Vitremer; Group C: Compoglass F. A standard Class V cavity was prepared on the buccal surface of each tooth with no mechanical retention and restored accordingly. Then all the samples were subjected to thermocycling for 250 cycles at different temperatures and covered with nail varnish. Later, samples were immersed in 0.5% methylene blue dye for 24 h. Teeth were sectioned buccolingually through the center of the restoration and studied under a stereomicroscope for dye penetration. Data obtained were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U-test.

RESULTS

Samples restored with vitremer showed comparatively higher microleakage than the samples in other groups. However, overall there were no significant difference between the microleakage scores of the samples in all three groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

It can be concluded that none of the three GICs was free from microleakage. Hence, further research is required to compare microleakage of the newer material.

Prevalence and severity of molar incisor hypomineralization in children aged 11-16 years of a city in Karnataka, Davangere

INTRODUCTION

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) describes the clinical picture of hypomineralization of systemic origin affecting one or more first permanent molar. There is a rarity of prevalence studies in Indian population.

OBJECTIVES

The main aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MIH in a population of South Indian children.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN

A cross-sectional epidemiological survey, included 2000 children aged 11-16 years chosen by stratified random sampling from government and private schools of Davangere, a city in South India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Evaluation of MIH and decayed, missing and filled teeth was carried out in these children by a calibrated examiner. The severity of hypomineralization was recorded according to the Wetzel and Reckel scale.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Chi-square test was used to analyze the categorical data. P ≤ 0.05 was considered for statistical significance.

RESULTS

About 8.9% of all examined children showed at least one ill-structured first permanent molar in terms of MIH. The male and female ratio was found to be 1:1.1. The decreasing order of occurrence of MIH affected teeth were permanent maxillary molars, maxillaryincisors, mandibular molars and the mandibular incisors.

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of MIH in the permanent dentition of south Indian children was 8.9%. There is a need for a proper planned preventive and restorative program with regard to the increasing prevalence of MIH.

In Vitro Retentive Effect of Groove, Sandblasting, and Cement Type on Stainless Steel Crowns in Primary Molars

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of placing vertical grooves, sandblasting, and luting cements on the retention of stainless steel crowns (SSCs).

METHODS

Eighty extracted primary molars were mounted in acrylic blocks. Specimens were divided into Group 1 (RelyX U200) and Group 2 (Smart Cem2). Teeth in each group were further subdivided into Subgroup A (no vertical grooves and no sandblasting), Subgroup B (vertical grooves), Subgroup C (sandblasting of crowns), and Subgroup D (vertical grooves and sandblasting of crowns). After cementation, SSCs were pulled off using a universal testing machine. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analyses.

RESULTS

In Groups 1 and 2, the highest retentive strengths were found in Subgroup D (1,124 and 783 kPa, respectively), followed by Subgroup C (1,066 and 748 kPa, respectively), Subgroup A (762 and 356 kPa, respectively), and Subgroup B (743 and 314 kPa, respectively). Retentive strength in Group one was significantly higher than in Group two; Subgroups A and B were significantly lower than C and D.

CONCLUSIONS

RelyX U200 showed higher retentive strength than Smart Cem2. Sandblasting increased the retention strength, whereas a vertical groove had no significant effect on retention.

Management of an endo-perio lesion in an immature tooth using autologous platelet-rich fibrin: a case report

Treatment of an endo-perio lesion involving a non-vital young permanent tooth is a highly challenging task to Pediatric Dentists. There is a quest for the newer biological approach to management of these lesions as traditional methods have various disadvantages. Recently, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), a second-generation platelet concentrate, is rich in growth factors have been used in the periodontal regeneration procedure. The purpose of this paper is to describe the efficacy of PRF in the treatment of a deep intra bony defect associated with an endo-perio lesion in an immature right mandibular first premolar of 12-year-old female patient. A freshly prepared autologous PRF membrane was placed in the bony defect following debridement. Clinical and radiographic follow-up were performed at regular intervals that revealed absence of pain, gain in clinical attachment level, reduction in probing depth, and excellent bone regeneration indicating successful outcome.

Revascularization of immature, nonvital permanent tooth using platelet-rich fibrin in children

The purpose of this paper was to present a new approach wherein revascularization of the immature, nonvital permanent tooth was performed using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as a novel scaffold material. This was performed after disinfection of the root canal space using triple antibiotic paste followed by placing a PRF membrane in the root canal. The patient was followed up regularly at three-, six-, nine-, and 12-month intervals for review. After 12 months, clinical examination showed negative response to percussion and palpation tests but positive response to cold and electric pulp tests. Radiographic examination revealed continued thickening of the root dentinal walls, narrowing of root canal space, root lengthening, and closure of the root apex with normal periradicular architecture. However, more clinical research using large samples is necessary to prove it advantageous for regenerative endodontic therapy in children.

Amelogenesis imperfecta with bilateral nephrocalcinosis

A 12-year-old patient presented with a severe delay of eruption in permanent maxillary and mandibular incisors. On examination, there was over-retained primary teeth and delayed eruption of permanent teeth. Retained primary teeth showed light yellow discolouration whereas permanent teeth were distinct yellow with thin or little enamel. Subsequent imaging revealed all the premolars except maxillary left first premolar showed signs of intra-alveolar coronal resorption, nephrocalcinosis with bilateral multiple calculi and small papillary tip calcifications, marked increase in alkaline phosphatase. Subsequent dental treatment for restoring the functional and aesthetic requirement followed by appropriate treatment for renal problem was undertaken.

Dentofacial characteristics in William's syndrome

William's syndrome is a chromosomal disorder characterized by multisystem, congenital and panethnic occurrence, characterized by a number of developmental and physical abnormalities. This case report describes the dental management of a 10-year-old male patient with William's syndrome who had multiple dental problems such as caries, periodontal disease and malocclusion.

Influence of terminal substitution on structural, DNA, protein binding, anticancer and antibacterial activities of palladium(II) complexes containing 3-methoxy salicylaldehyde-4(N) substituted thiosemicarbazones

The variable chelating behavior of 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde-4(N)-substituted thiosemicarbazones was observed in equimolar reactions with [PdCl(2)(PPh(3))(2)]. The new complexes were characterized by various analytical, spectroscopic techniques (mass, (1)H-NMR, absorption, IR). All the new complexes were structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystallographic results showed that the ligands H(2)L(1) and H(2)L(4) are coordinated as binegative tridentate ONS donor ligands in the complexes 1 and 4 by forming six and five member rings. However, the ligands H(2)L(2) and H(2)L(3) bound to palladium in 2 and 3 as uninegative bidentate NS donors by forming a five member chelate ring. From this study, it was found that the substitution on terminal 4(N)-nitrogen may have an influence on the chelating ability of thiosemicarbazone. The presence of hydrogen bonding in 2 and 3 might be responsible for preventing the coordination of phenolic oxygen to the metal ion. The interaction of the complexes with calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) has been explored by absorption and emission titration methods. Based on the observations, an electrostatic binding mode of DNA has been proposed. The protein binding studies were monitored by quenching of tryptophan and tyrosine residues in the presence of complexes using Lysozyme as model protein. Antibacterial activity studies of the complexes have been screened against pathogenic bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MIC50 values of the complexes showed that they exhibited significant activity against the pathogens and among them, 3 exhibited higher activity. Further, anticancer activity of the complexes on the lung cancer cell line A549 has also been studied.

Protective effect of gallic acid against lindane induced toxicity in experimental rats

Lindane is an organochlorine pesticide that persists in the environment, bioaccumulate through food chain and has a risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment. It induces cell damage by producing free radicals and reactive oxygen species. The aim of the present study is to investigate the protective effect of gallic acid (a plant derived polyphenol) against lindane induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats. Liver damage was assessed by hepatic serum marker enzymes like SGOT, SGPT and ALP and histopathological observation. Renal damage was observed by histopathological examination and serum markers like creatinine and urea. Treatment with lindane increased the levels of lipid peroxidation, serum marker enzyme activity with a concomitant decrease in GSH, CAT, SOD, GPx and GST. Histological alterations were also observed in kidney and liver tissue with lindane treatment. Co-treatment of gallic acid significantly prevented the lindane induced alterations in kidney and liver tissues with a decrease in LPO, serum marker enzyme activity and a significant increase in antioxidant levels. These results suggest that gallic acid has protective effect over lindane induced oxidative damage in rat liver and kidney.

Comparison of digital radiography, decalcification, and histologic sectioning in the detection of accessory canals in furcation areas of human primary molars

Although the terms lateral secondary and accessory canals are often used interchangeably they mean different things. The accessory canal is derived from the secondary canal branching off to the periodontal ligament in apical sections. Different methodology was used to study the accessory canals. Decalcification method appeared to the important in studying the accessory canals as compared to digital radiography and histological sectioning.

Colorimetric Method for Estimation of Methyl Iodide Residues on Jo war (Sorghum) and Rice

A new colorimetric method based on the catalytic action of iodide on oxidation of As(III) by Ce(IV) has been developed for the estimation of methyl iodide residues on grains. Methyl iodide residues, in methanolic KOH, are converted to potassium iodide which acts as a catalyst in the timed oxidation of As(III) by Ce(IV). Unreduced eerie salt is measured colorimetrically and the iodide in the sample is calculated. The method is sensitive in the range 0.01 to 0.1 μg iodide.

Colorimetric Method for Estimation of Zineb

Zineb can be determined colorimetrically after reaction with cupric acetate in HC1. The copper salt formed is measured at 370 nm. This method has been applied successfully to the analysis of zineb formulations and zineb on grains and peanut pods.

Rapid Colorimetric Method for Estimation of Ferbam and Ziram Residues on Grains

The rapid colorimetric method for thiram reported earlier has been slightly modified and extended to the analysis of 2 dithiocarbamates (ferbam and ziram). The proposed method is applicable to technical formulations and fieldsprayed grains. Recoveries ranged from 91.35 to 100.50% for a ferbam formulation containing 85% active ingredient and from 88.06 to 100.00% for a ziram formulation containing 80% active ingredient. Recoveries from fortified samples were 93.69 to 99.56%.

Rapid Colorimetric Method for Estimation of Thiram Residues on Grains

A rapid and relatively simple method has been developed for the colorimetric determination of thiram residues on grains. Cuprous chloride is used to form a yellow complex with thiram, which is measured at 420 nm. The method is satisfactory for analyses of 4–200 Mg thiram.