National Guidelines for Cognitive Assessment and Rehabilitation of Iranian Traumatic Brain Injury Patients

BACKGROUND

Individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have prolonged cognitive impairments, resulting in long-term problems with their real-life activities. Given the urgent need for evidence-based recommendations for neuropsychological management of Iranian TBI patients, the current work aimed to adapt eligible international guidelines for cognitive assessment and rehabilitation of the TBI patients in Iran.

METHODS

The project was led by an executive committee, under the supervision of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME). Following a systematic literature search and selection process, four guidelines were included for adaptation. Clinical recommendations of the source guidelines were tabulated as possible clinical scenarios for 90 PICO clinical questions covering all relevant phases of care. After summing up the scenarios, our initial list of recommendations was drafted according to the Iranian patients' conditions. The final decision-making, with the contribution of a national interdisciplinary panel of 37 experts from across the country, was conducted in two rounds using online and offline survey forms (Round 1), and face-to-face and telephone meetings (Round 2).

RESULTS

A total of 63 recommendations in six sections were included in the final list of recommendations, among which 24 were considered as key recommendations. In addition, some of the recommendations were identified as fundamental, meaning that proper implementation of the other recommendations is largely dependent on their implementation.

CONCLUSION

Iranian health policy makers and rehabilitation program managers are recommended to address some fundamental issues to provide the necessary infrastructure to set up an efficient cognitive rehabilitation service system.

Adaptation of Traumatic Brain Injury Guidelines in Iran

CONTEXT

The National institute for health and care excellence (NICE) and scottish intercollegiate guidelines network (SIGN) are two well-known sources of clinical guideline development. In the past years, they have developed clinical guidelines for the management of head injury. In this report, we will highlight our modifications to these guidelines according to the domestic situation in a developing country.

EVIDENCE ACQUISITION

The guidelines were appraised using the appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation (AGREE) instrument. All key recommendations were reviewed by 14 prominent Iranian neurosurgeons; levels of evidence were evaluated and items with limited evidence were determined. Available evidence for selected items were reviewed and discussed.

RESULTS

The following items were the most challenging when accounting for the domestic situation in Iran: age as a risk factor for referral, computed tomography scan, the impact of medical comorbidities, pregnancy, consultation, referral to a neurosurgical unit, and teleconsulting and observation before discharge.

CONCLUSIONS

The evidence in the discussed topics was limited and controversial. This report is important because it exposes the current knowledge gap in head trauma studies in Iran.

Cystic angiomatosis of the skull presenting with extradural pneumocephalus. Case report

The case is reported of a 40-year-old militiaman who presented 4 days after a blast injury with a huge swelling of the scalp. The bulge was determined to be an air mass collected extradurally via lysis of the air cells of the mastoid bone. Pathological study of the resected bones revealed cystic angiomatosis. The unusual clinical presentation, as well as the rarity of the pathological findings, prompted this report.

Granuloma of the anal canal due to Enterobius vermicularis. Report of a case

A case of a submucosal foreign body granuloma caused by Enterobius vermicularis in the wall of the anal canal of a 29-year-old man is reported.