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Brabenec L, Klobusiakova P, Mekyska J, Rektorova I. Shannon entropy: A novel parameter for quantifying pentagon copying performance in non-demented Parkinson's disease patients. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 94:45-48. [PMID: 34883358 PMCID: PMC8855430 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Impaired copy of intersecting pentagons from the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), has been used to assess dementia in Parkinson's disease (PD). We used a digitizing tablet during the pentagon copying test (PCT) as a potential tool for evaluating early cognitive deficits in PD without major cognitive impairment. We also aimed to uncover the neural correlates of the identified parameters using whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods We enrolled 27 patients with PD without major cognitive impairment and 25 age-matched healthy controls (HC). We focused on drawing parameters using a digitizing tablet. Parameters with between-group differences were correlated with cognitive outcomes and were used as covariates in the whole-brain voxel-wise analysis using voxel-based morphometry; familywise error (FWE) threshold p < 0.001. Results PD patients differed from HC in attention domain z-scores (p < 0.0001). In terms of tablet parameters, the groups differed in Shannon entropy (horizontal in-air, p = 0.003), which quantifies the movements between two strokes. In PD, a correlation was found between the median of Shannon entropy (horizontal in-air) and attention z-scores (R = −0.55, p = 0.006). The VBM revealed an association between our drawing parameter of interest and gray matter (GM) volume variability in the right superior parietal lobe (SPL). Conclusion Using a digitizing tablet during the PCT, we identified a novel entropy-based parameter that differed between the nondemented PD and HC groups. This in-air parameter correlated with the level of attention and was linked to GM volume variability of the region engaged in spatial attention. Shannon entropy (SE) quantifies in-air movements during pentagon copy test (PCT). SE during PCT correlated with the level of attention in PD. SE correlated with volume in the region involved in spatial attention. Visual assessment of PCT showed a ceiling effect in non-demented PD. SE is useful for quantitative assessment of PCT in non-demented PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubos Brabenec
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patricia Klobusiakova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Surgeon General Office of the Slovak Armed Forces, Ul. generala Milosa Vesela 21, 03401, Ruzomberok, Slovak Republic
| | - Jiri Mekyska
- Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 12, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Rektorova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic; First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, St. Anne's University Hospital, Masaryk University, Pekarska 664/53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Brabenec L, Klobusiakova P, Simko P, Kostalova M, Mekyska J, Rektorova I. Non-invasive brain stimulation for speech in Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled trial. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:571-578. [PMID: 33781956 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypokinetic dysarthria is a common but difficult-to-treat symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVES We evaluated the long-term effects of multiple-session repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on hypokinetic dysarthria in PD. Neural mechanisms of stimulation were assessed by functional MRI. METHODS A randomized parallel-group sham stimulation-controlled design was used. Patients were randomly assigned to ten sessions (2 weeks) of real (1 Hz) or sham stimulation over the right superior temporal gyrus. Stimulation effects were evaluated at weeks 2, 6, and 10 after the baseline assessment. Articulation, prosody, and speech intelligibility were quantified by speech therapist using a validated tool (Phonetics score of the Dysarthric Profile). Activations of the speech network regions and intrinsic connectivity were assessed using 3T MRI. Linear mixed models and post-hoc tests were utilized for data analyses. RESULTS Altogether 33 PD patients completed the study (20 in the real stimulation group and 13 in the sham stimulation group). Linear mixed models revealed significant effects of time (F(3, 88.1) = 22.7, p < 0.001) and time-by-group interactions: F(3, 88.0) = 2.8, p = 0.040) for the Phonetics score. Real as compared to sham stimulation led to activation increases in the orofacial sensorimotor cortex and caudate nucleus and to increased intrinsic connectivity of these regions with the stimulated area. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show the long-term treatment effects of non-invasive brain stimulation for hypokinetic dysarthria in PD. Neural mechanisms of the changes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubos Brabenec
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patricia Klobusiakova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Surgeon General Office of the Slovak Armed Forces, Ružomberok, Slovak Republic
| | - Patrik Simko
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Kostalova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, Faculty Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Mekyska
- Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Rektorova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and St. Anne's University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Klobusiakova P, Mekyska J, Brabenec L, Galaz Z, Zvoncak V, Mucha J, Rapcsak SZ, Rektorova I. Articulatory network reorganization in Parkinson's disease as assessed by multimodal MRI and acoustic measures. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 84:122-128. [PMID: 33609963 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypokinetic dysarthria (HD) is common in Parkinson's disease (PD). Our objective was to evaluate articulatory networks and their reorganization due to PD pathology in individuals without overt speech impairment using a multimodal MRI protocol and acoustic analysis of speech. METHODS A total of 34 PD patients with no subjective HD complaints and 25 age-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent speech task recordings, structural MRI, and reading task-induced and resting-state fMRI. Grey matter probability maps, task-induced activations, and resting-state functional connectivity within the regions engaged in speech production (ROIs) were assessed and compared between groups. Correlation with acoustic parameters was also performed. RESULTS PD patients as compared Tto HC displayed temporal decreases in speech loudness which were related to BOLD signal increases in the right-sided regions of the dorsal language pathway/articulatory network. Among those regions, activation of the right anterior cingulate was increased in PD as compared to HC. We also found bilateral posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) GM loss in PD as compared to HC that was strongly associated with diadochokinetic (DDK) irregularity in the PD group. Task-induced activations of the left STG were increased in PD as compared to HC and were related to the DDK rate control. CONCLUSIONS The results provide insight into the neural correlates of speech production control and distinct articulatory network reorganization in PD apparent already in patients without subjective speech impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Klobusiakova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Surgeon General Office of the Slovak Armed Forces, Ružomberok, Slovak Republic
| | - Jiri Mekyska
- Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lubos Brabenec
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zoltan Galaz
- Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Zvoncak
- Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mucha
- Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Steven Z Rapcsak
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Irena Rektorova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and St. Anne's University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Sejnoha Minsterova A, Klobusiakova P, Pies A, Galaz Z, Mekyska J, Novakova L, Nemcova Elfmarkova N, Rektorova I. Patterns of diffusion kurtosis changes in Parkinson's disease subtypes. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 81:96-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Grey V, Klobusiakova P, Minks E. Can repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the visual cortex ameliorate the state of patients with visual snow? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 121:395-399. [PMID: 32484702 DOI: 10.4149/bll_2020_064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Visual snow is a neurological condition, for which an effective treatment has not been established. The aim of this study was to find whether Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) can improve the state of patients suffering from visual snow. To our knowledge, no other group has tested this method in the treatment of visual snow. METHODS We applied rTMS of 10 and 10+1 Hz on the visual cortices of 9 patients with visual snow. Sham stimulation with the vertex as the target site was also tested. As a method of assessment, we used visual evoked potentials, questionnaires and visual snow diaries. For data evaluation, we used the Paired Sample T-test separately for each stimulation type. RESULTS The Paired Sample T-test revealed a decreased sum of visual snow intensities extracted from visual snow diaries in the week after 10+1 Hz stimulation as compared to the figure in the week before (p=0.02). CONCLUSION We detected a trend indicating an improvement of patients' condition based on the data from visual snow diaries. Research on a larger group of patients is required to confirm these findings; however, our study provides a framework to build upon (Tab. 4, Fig. 1, Ref. 22).
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Rektorova I, Klobusiakova P, Balazova Z, Kropacova S, Sejnoha Minsterova A, Grmela R, Skotakova A, Rektor I. Brain structure changes in nondemented seniors after six-month dance-exercise intervention. Acta Neurol Scand 2020; 141:90-97. [PMID: 31613387 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate effects of a six-month intensive dance-exercise intervention (DI) on cognition and brain structure in a mixed group of healthy seniors and people with mild cognitive impairment. METHODS Subjects (aged ˃ 60 years with no dementia or depression) were randomly assigned to either a DI group or a life as usual (LAU) group. Detailed neuropsychological testing, measures of physical fitness and brain MRI encompassing T1 structural and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed at baseline and after 6 months. We assessed changes in cortical thickness and DTI parameters derived from tract-based spatial statistics. RESULTS Altogether 62 individuals (n = 31 in the DI group) completed the protocol. The groups were matched for their demographic and clinical variables. After 6 months, we found significant cortical thickening in the right inferior temporal, fusiform and lateral occipital regions in the dancers compared to controls. Significant increases of radial and mean diffusivity were observed in various white matter tracts in the dancers; however, no differences were observed between the DI and LAU groups. The DI group as compared to the LAU group showed subtle improvements in executive functions. CONCLUSIONS We observed DI-induced improvement in executive functions and increases of cortical thickness in the lateral occipitotemporal cortex which is engaged in action observation, visuomotor integration and action imitation, that is activities that are all important for motor learning and executing skilled movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Rektorova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University (CEITEC MU) Brno Czech Republic
- First Department of Neurology St. Anne's University Hospital Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Patricia Klobusiakova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University (CEITEC MU) Brno Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Balazova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University (CEITEC MU) Brno Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Kropacova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University (CEITEC MU) Brno Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Sejnoha Minsterova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University (CEITEC MU) Brno Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grmela
- Department of Gymnastics and Combatives Faculty of Sports Studies Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Alena Skotakova
- Department of Gymnastics and Combatives Faculty of Sports Studies Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rektor
- First Department of Neurology St. Anne's University Hospital Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
- Multimodal and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University (CEITEC MU) Brno Czech Republic
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We summarize structural (s)MRI findings of gray matter (GM) atrophy related to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) in light of new analytical approaches and recent longitudinal studies results. RECENT FINDINGS The hippocampus-to-cortex ratio seems to be the best sMRI biomarker to discriminate between various AD subtypes, following the spatial distribution of tau pathology, and predict rate of cognitive decline. PD is clinically far more variable than AD, with heterogeneous underlying brain pathology. Novel multivariate approaches have been used to describe patterns of early subcortical and cortical changes that relate to more malignant courses of PD. New emerging analytical approaches that combine structural MRI data with clinical and other biomarker outcomes hold promise for detecting specific GM changes in the early stages of PD and preclinical AD that may predict mild cognitive impairment and dementia conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Krajcovicova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, St. Anne's University Hospital, Masaryk University, Pekarska 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patricia Klobusiakova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Rektorova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic.
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, St. Anne's University Hospital, Masaryk University, Pekarska 53, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Kropacova S, Mitterova K, Klobusiakova P, Brabenec L, Anderkova L, Nemcova-Elfmarkova N, Balazova Z, Rektor I, Grmela R, Svobodová L, Vaculikova P, Rektorova I. Cognitive effects of dance-movement intervention in a mixed group of seniors are not dependent on hippocampal atrophy. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:1455-1463. [PMID: 31452049 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dance-movement intervention (DMI) offers multi-component stimulation of cognitive functions, and it may ameliorate cognitive deficits in the elderly. We investigated the effects of intensive DMI on the cognitive performances of healthy seniors (HS) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In addition, we evaluated whether the baseline MRI hippocampus-to-cortex volume (HV:CTV) ratio (i.e., a marker of a typical AD-specific brain atrophy and of distribution of neurofibrillary tangles in the brain) has any impact on the DMI-induced cognitive changes. The research cohort consisted of 99 subjects who were randomly assigned (in a 1:1 ratio) to a DMI group or to a control (life-as-usual) group. The DMI group consisted of 49 subjects with an average age of 69.16 years (SD = 5.36), of which 34 were HS (69.4%) and 15 had MCI (30.6%). The control group consisted of 50 subjects aged 68.37 years (SD = 6.10), of which 31 were HC (62%) and 19 (38%) had MCI. The DMI group underwent a 6-month intervention, which consisted of 60 lessons supervised by a qualified instructor. Statistical analysis yielded a significant improvement of the figural fluency task as measured by the five-point test in the DMI group as compared to the control group [t (97) = 2.72; p = 0.008]. The baseline HV:CTV ratio was not associated with cognitive changes on that task or with changes in any cognitive domain's Z scores. We observed DMI-induced effect on the test evaluating executive functions across the spectrum of HS and MCI, which was not dependent on the magnitude of AD-related brain pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Kropacova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Psychology Department, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Arne Nováka 1, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Mitterova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patricia Klobusiakova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lubos Brabenec
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomira Anderkova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nela Nemcova-Elfmarkova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Balazova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rektor
- Multimodal and Functional Imaging Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekařská 664/53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grmela
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Svobodová
- Department of Gymnastics and Combatives, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Vaculikova
- Department of Gymnastics and Combatives, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Rektorova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. .,First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekařská 664/53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Brabenec L, Klobusiakova P, Barton M, Mekyska J, Galaz Z, Zvoncak V, Kiska T, Mucha J, Smekal Z, Kostalova M, Rektorova I. Non-invasive stimulation of the auditory feedback area for improved articulation in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 61:187-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Kunst J, Marecek R, Klobusiakova P, Balazova Z, Anderkova L, Nemcova-Elfmarkova N, Rektorova I. Patterns of Grey Matter Atrophy at Different Stages of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases and Relation to Cognition. Brain Topogr 2018; 32:142-160. [PMID: 30206799 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-018-0675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Using MRI, a characteristic pattern of grey matter (GM) atrophy has been described in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD); GM patterns at different stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been inconclusive. Few studies have directly compared structural changes in groups with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) caused by different pathologies (AD, PD). We used several analytical methods to determine GM changes at different stages of both PD and AD. We also evaluated associations between GM changes and cognitive measurements. Altogether 144 subjects were evaluated: PD with normal cognition (PD-NC; n = 23), PD with MCI (PD-MCI; n = 24), amnestic MCI (aMCI; n = 27), AD (n = 12), and age-matched healthy controls (HC; n = 58). All subjects underwent structural MRI and cognitive examination. GM volumes were analysed using two different techniques: voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and source-based morphometry (SBM), which is a multivariate method. In addition, cortical thickness (CT) was evaluated to assess between-group differences in GM. The cognitive domain z-scores were correlated with GM changes in individual patient groups. GM atrophy in the anterior and posterior cingulate, as measured by VBM, in the temporo-fronto-parietal component, as measured by SBM, and in the posterior cortical regions as well as in the anterior cingulate and frontal region, as measured by CT, differentiated aMCI from HC. Major hippocampal and temporal lobe atrophy (VBM, SBM) and to some extent occipital atrophy (SBM) differentiated AD from aMCI and from HC. Correlations with cognitive deficits were present only in the AD group. PD-MCI showed greater GM atrophy than PD-NC in the orbitofrontal regions (VBM), which was related to memory z-scores, and in the left superior parietal lobule (CT); more widespread limbic and fronto-parieto-occipital neocortical atrophy (all methods) differentiated this group from HC. Only CT revealed subtle GM atrophy in the anterior cingulate, precuneus, and temporal neocortex in PD-NC as compared to HC. None of the methods differentiated PD-MCI from aMCI. Both MCI groups showed distinct limbic and fronto-temporo-parietal neocortical atrophy compared to HC with no specific between-group differences. AD subjects displayed a typical pattern of major temporal lobe atrophy which was associated with deficits in all cognitive domains. VBM and CT were more sensitive than SBM in identifying frontal and posterior cortical atrophy in PD-MCI as compared to PD-NC. Our data support the notion that the results of studies using different analytical methods cannot be compared directly. Only CT measures revealed some subtle differences between HC and PD-NC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Kunst
- Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Brain and Mind Research Programme, CEITEC Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Marecek
- Brain and Mind Research Programme, CEITEC Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patricia Klobusiakova
- Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Brain and Mind Research Programme, CEITEC Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Balazova
- Brain and Mind Research Programme, CEITEC Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomira Anderkova
- Brain and Mind Research Programme, CEITEC Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Irena Rektorova
- Brain and Mind Research Programme, CEITEC Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Movement Disorders Centre, First Department of Neurology, St Anne's University Hospital, Masaryk University, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Klobusiakova P, Marecek R, Rektorova I. 12-Distinct between-network functional connectivity changes in Parkinson’s disease related to cognition: A follow-up study. Clin Neurophysiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Anderkova L, Pizem D, Klobusiakova P, Gajdos M, Rektorova I. P05-Theta burst stimulation induces changes in dorsal attentional network. Clin Neurophysiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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