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Julien PA, Arhangelskis M, Germann LS, Etter M, Dinnebier RE, Morris AJ, Friščić T. Illuminating milling mechanochemistry by tandem real-time fluorescence emission and Raman spectroscopy monitoring. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12121-12132. [PMID: 37969588 PMCID: PMC10631231 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04082h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In pursuit of accessible and interpretable methods for direct and real-time observation of mechanochemical reactions, we demonstrate a tandem spectroscopic method for monitoring of ball-milling transformations combining fluorescence emission and Raman spectroscopy, accompanied by high-level molecular and periodic density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, including periodic time-dependent (TD-DFT) modelling of solid-state fluorescence spectra. This proof-of-principle report presents this readily accessible dual-spectroscopy technique as capable of observing changes to the supramolecular structure of the model pharmaceutical system indometacin during mechanochemical polymorph transformation and cocrystallisation. The observed time-resolved in situ spectroscopic and kinetic data are supported by ex situ X-ray diffraction and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements. The application of first principles (ab initio) calculations enabled the elucidation of how changes in crystalline environment, that result from mechanochemical reactions, affect vibrational and electronic excited states of molecules. The herein explored interpretation of both real-time and ex situ spectroscopic data through ab initio calculations provides an entry into developing a detailed mechanistic understanding of mechanochemical milling processes and highlights the challenges of using real-time spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Julien
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada 13 General Crerar Crescent K7K 7B4 Kingston Canada
| | - Mihails Arhangelskis
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw 1 Pasteura St. 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Luzia S Germann
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- Max-Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches-Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) Notkestrasse 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Robert E Dinnebier
- Max-Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Andrew J Morris
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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2
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Julien PA, Castle G, Theriault J, Kohlgruber TA, Oliver AG, Burns PC. Assembly of Uranyl Peroxides from Ball Milled Solids. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11319-11324. [PMID: 35830593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry enables transformations of highly insoluble materials such as uranium dioxide or the mineral studtite [(UO2)(O2)(H2O)2]·(H2O)2 into uranyl triperoxide compounds that can subsequently assemble into hydroxide-bridged uranyl peroxide dimers in the presence of lithium hydroxide. Dissolution of these solids in water yields uranyl peroxide nanoclusters including U24, Li24[(UO2)(O2)(OH)]24. Insoluble uranium solids can transform into highly soluble uranyl peroxide phases in the solid state with miniscule quantities of water. Such reactions are potentially applicable to uranium processing in the front and back end of the nuclear fuel cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Julien
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Grace Castle
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jordan Theriault
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Tsuyoshi A Kohlgruber
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Allen G Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Peter C Burns
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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3
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Emmerling ST, Germann LS, Julien PA, Moudrakovski I, Etter M, Friščić T, Dinnebier RE, Lotsch BV. In situ monitoring of mechanochemical covalent organic framework formation reveals templating effect of liquid additive. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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4
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Traustason H, Lobeck HL, Julien PA, Xu M, Dembowski M, Burns PC. Prediction of Solution Behavior via Calorimetric Measurements Allows for Detailed Elucidation of Polyoxometalate Transformation. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6753-6763. [PMID: 33856789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The solution behavior of a polyoxometalate cluster, LiNa-U24Pp12 (Li24Na24[(UO2O2)24(P2O7)12]) that consists of 24 uranyl ions, peroxide groups, and 12 pyrophosphate linkers, was successfully predicted based on new thermodynamic results using a calorimetric method recently described for uranyl peroxide nanoclusters (UPCs), molybdenum blues, and molybdenum browns. The breakdown of LiNa-U24Pp12 and formation of U24 (Li24[UO2O2OH]24) was monitored in situ via Raman spectroscopy using a custom heating apparatus. A combination of analytical techniques confirmed the simultaneous existence of U24Pp12 and U24 midway through the conversion process and U24 as the single end product. The application of a molecular weight filter resulted in a complete and successful separation of UPCs from solution and, in conjunction with DOSY results, confirmed the presence of large intermediate cluster building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrafn Traustason
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Haylie L Lobeck
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Patrick A Julien
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mengyu Xu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mateusz Dembowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Peter C Burns
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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5
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Catalano L, Germann LS, Julien PA, Arhangelskis M, Halasz I, Užarević K, Etter M, Dinnebier RE, Ursini M, Cametti M, Martí-Rujas J, Friščić T, Metrangolo P, Resnati G, Terraneo G. Open versus Interpenetrated: Switchable Supramolecular Trajectories in Mechanosynthesis of a Halogen-Bonded Borromean Network. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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6
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Julien PA, Germann LS, Titi HM, Etter M, Dinnebier RE, Sharma L, Baltrusaitis J, Friščić T. In situ monitoring of mechanochemical synthesis of calcium urea phosphate fertilizer cocrystal reveals highly effective water-based autocatalysis. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2350-2355. [PMID: 34084395 PMCID: PMC8157455 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06224f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the mechanosynthesis of the calcium urea phosphate fertilizer cocrystal as a model, we provide a quantitative investigation of chemical autocatalysis in a mechanochemical reaction. The application of in situ Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction to monitor the reaction of urea phosphate and either calcium hydroxide or carbonate enabled the first quantitative and in situ study of a mechanochemical system in which one of the products of a chemical reaction (water) mediates the rate of transformation and underpins positive feedback kinetics. The herein observed autocatalysis by water generated in the reaction enables reaction acceleration at amounts that are up to 3 orders of magnitude smaller than in a typical liquid-assisted mechanochemical reaction. Using the mechanosynthesis of the fertilizer cocrystal calcium urea phosphate as a model, we provide a quantitative investigation of chemical autocatalysis in a mechanochemical reaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Julien
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Luzia S Germann
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstraße 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Hatem M Titi
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) Notkestraße 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Robert E Dinnebier
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstraße 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Lohit Sharma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, B336 Iacocca Hall 111 Research Drive Bethlehem Pennsylvania 18015 USA
| | - Jonas Baltrusaitis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, B336 Iacocca Hall 111 Research Drive Bethlehem Pennsylvania 18015 USA
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
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7
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Lisac K, Topić F, Arhangelskis M, Cepić S, Julien PA, Nickels CW, Morris AJ, Friščić T, Cinčić D. Halogen-bonded cocrystallization with phosphorus, arsenic and antimony acceptors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:61. [PMID: 30610194 PMCID: PMC6320372 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07957-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of non-covalent directional interactions, such as hydrogen or halogen bonds, is a central concept of materials design, which hinges on using small compact atoms of the 2nd period, notably nitrogen and oxygen, as acceptors. Heavier atoms are much less prominent in that context, and mostly limited to sulfur. Here, we report the experimental observation and theoretical study of halogen bonds to phosphorus, arsenic and antimony in the solid state. Combining 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene with triphenylphosphine, -arsine, and -stibine provides cocrystals based on I···P, I···As and I···Sb halogen bonds. The demonstration that increasingly metallic pnictogens form halogen bonds sufficiently strong to enable cocrystal formation is an advance in supramolecular chemistry which opens up opportunities in materials science, as shown by colossal thermal expansion of the cocrystal involving I···Sb halogen bonds. Halogen bonding can be exploited for the design of functional supramolecular materials, but heavier elements that are known to accept a halogen bond remain limited. Here, the authors demonstrate the formation of two-component cocrystals based on halogen bonds with phosphorus, arsenic and antimony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Lisac
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Filip Topić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Mihails Arhangelskis
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Sara Cepić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick A Julien
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Christopher W Nickels
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Andrew J Morris
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Dominik Cinčić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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8
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Lobeck HL, Traustason H, Julien PA, FitzPatrick JR, Mana S, Szymanowski JES, Burns PC. In situ Raman spectroscopy of uranyl peroxide nanoscale cage clusters under hydrothermal conditions. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:7755-7765. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01529a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The behaviours of two uranyl peroxide nanoclusters in water heated to 180 °C were examined by in situ Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haylie L. Lobeck
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Hrafn Traustason
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | | | - John R. FitzPatrick
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Sara Mana
- Department of Geological Sciences
- Salem State University
- Salem
- USA
| | - Jennifer E. S. Szymanowski
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Peter C. Burns
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
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9
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Užarević K, Ferdelji N, Mrla T, Julien PA, Halasz B, Friščić T, Halasz I. Enthalpy vs. friction: heat flow modelling of unexpected temperature profiles in mechanochemistry of metal-organic frameworks. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2525-2532. [PMID: 29732130 PMCID: PMC5911823 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05312f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemical reactions by ball milling are becoming increasingly popular across a wide range of chemical sciences, but understanding and evaluation of temperature during such processes remains a persistent challenge, especially for organic and metal-organic materials. Here, we describe the first methodology for precise real-time measurement of sample temperature during mechanochemical transformations. Using this technique coupled with real-time in situ reaction monitoring by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and numerical simulations of heat flow, we have shown that the temperature profiles of mechanochemical reactions are dominantly determined by the energy dissipated through friction between the sample and the moving milling assembly, while the reaction enthalpy will usually be comparatively insignificant. With the changes in composition during mechanochemical reactions, frictional properties of the milled material change, leading to either better or worse energy absorption upon collisions in the process of milling. This approach explains unexpected and rapid temperature drops during exothermic transformations of ZIF-8 polymorphs. Since reaction kinetics are highly sensitive to changes in temperature, precise temperature profiles provided here will be mandatory to understand kinetics and its changes during milling, and will aid in developing the comprehensive model of mechanochemical reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krunoslav Užarević
- Division of Physical Chemistry , Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička c. 54 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia . ;
| | - Nenad Ferdelji
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture , University of Zagreb , Ul. Ivana Lučića 5 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Tomislav Mrla
- Division of Physical Chemistry , Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička c. 54 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia . ;
| | - Patrick A Julien
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , Montreal , H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Boris Halasz
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture , University of Zagreb , Ul. Ivana Lučića 5 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Division of Physical Chemistry , Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička c. 54 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia . ;
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , Montreal , H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Division of Physical Chemistry , Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička c. 54 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia . ;
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10
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Julien PA, Christopherson JC, Titi HM, Rogers RD, Friščić T. Investigation of BINOL-3,3′-dicarboxylate as a ligand for the formation of extended coordination-based structures. Supramol Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2018.1430366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hatem M. Titi
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robin D. Rogers
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- 525 Solutions, Inc., Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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11
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Julien PA, Malvestiti I, Friščić T. The effect of milling frequency on a mechanochemical organic reaction monitored by in situ Raman spectroscopy. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2160-2168. [PMID: 29114323 PMCID: PMC5669241 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide the first in situ and real-time study of the effect of milling frequency on the course of a mechanochemical organic reaction conducted using a vibratory shaker (mixer) ball mill. The use of in situ Raman spectroscopy for real-time monitoring of the mechanochemical synthesis of a 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline derivative revealed a pronounced dependence of chemical reactivity on small variations in milling frequency. In particular, in situ measurements revealed the establishment of two different regimes of reaction kinetics at different frequencies, providing tentative insight into processes of mechanical activation in organic mechanochemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Julien
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ivani Malvestiti
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, PE, Brazil
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Julien PA, Užarević K, Katsenis AD, Kimber SAJ, Wang T, Farha OK, Zhang Y, Casaban J, Germann LS, Etter M, Dinnebier RE, James SL, Halasz I, Friščić T. In Situ Monitoring and Mechanism of the Mechanochemical Formation of a Microporous MOF-74 Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:2929-32. [PMID: 26894258 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry provides a rapid, efficient route to metal-organic framework Zn-MOF-74 directly from a metal oxide and without bulk solvent. In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction monitoring of the reaction course reveals two new phases and an unusual stepwise process in which a close-packed intermediate reacts to form the open framework. The reaction can be performed on a gram scale to yield a highly porous material after activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Julien
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Krunoslav Užarević
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada.,Ruđer Bošković Institute , Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | | | - Simon A J Kimber
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) , Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Timothy Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuancheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - José Casaban
- MOF Technologies Ltd , Belfast BT7 1NF, United Kingdom
| | - Luzia S Germann
- Max Planck Institute for Solid-State Research , Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Robert E Dinnebier
- Max Planck Institute for Solid-State Research , Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Stuart L James
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Ruđer Bošković Institute , Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
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13
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Julien PA, Užarević K, Katsenis A, Halasz I, Friščić T. Clean and energy-efficient syntheses of M-MOF-74 materials by mechanochemistry and accelerated ageing, monitored throughin situpowder X-ray diffraction. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273315097776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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