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Thavandiran N, Hale C, Blit P, Sandberg ML, McElvain ME, Gagliardi M, Sun B, Witty A, Graham G, Do VTH, Bakooshli MA, Le H, Ostblom J, McEwen S, Chau E, Prowse A, Fernandes I, Norman A, Gilbert PM, Keller G, Tagari P, Xu H, Radisic M, Zandstra PW. Functional arrays of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac microtissues. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6919. [PMID: 32332814 PMCID: PMC7181791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To accelerate the cardiac drug discovery pipeline, we set out to develop a platform that would be capable of quantifying tissue-level functions such as contractile force and be amenable to standard multiwell-plate manipulations. We report a 96-well-based array of 3D human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiac microtissues - termed Cardiac MicroRings (CaMiRi) - in custom 3D-print-molded multiwell plates capable of contractile force measurement. Within each well, two elastomeric microcantilevers are situated above a circumferential ramp. The wells are seeded with cell-laden collagen, which, in response to the gradual slope of the circumferential ramp, self-organizes around tip-gated microcantilevers to form contracting CaMiRi. The contractile force exerted by the CaMiRi is measured and calculated using the deflection of the cantilevers. Platform responses were robust and comparable across wells, and we used it to determine an optimal tissue formulation. We validated the contractile force response of CaMiRi using selected cardiotropic compounds with known effects. Additionally, we developed automated protocols for CaMiRi seeding, image acquisition, and analysis to enable the measurement of contractile force with increased throughput. The unique tissue fabrication properties of the platform, and the consequent effects on tissue function, were demonstrated upon adding hPSC-derived epicardial cells to the system. This platform represents an open-source contractile force screening system useful for drug screening and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimalan Thavandiran
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Hale
- Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark Gagliardi
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bo Sun
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alec Witty
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Mohsen Afshar Bakooshli
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hon Le
- Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joel Ostblom
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samuel McEwen
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erik Chau
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ian Fernandes
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Penney M Gilbert
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gordon Keller
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip Tagari
- Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Han Xu
- A2 Biotherapeutics Inc., Agoura Hills, CA, USA.
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Peter W Zandstra
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,CCRM, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Michael Smith Laboratories, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Abstract
Mechanical heart value prostheses have been in use since the 1950s. Many prostheses have been used for a while and then discontinued. Today, there are a large number and variety of prostheses in use and an even larger variety that are in place in patients. These may be explanted at any time for a number of reasons. It is essential for the practicing pathologist to be able to identify the prosthesis and be aware of some of its reported complications and modes of failure. This article, and a second one on bioprosthetic heart valves, is designed as a ready reference guide to heart valve prostheses, their important identifying features, their common complications, and modes of failure. It should help in the accurate identification of explanted prosthetic valves and more definitive reports. This accuracy of identification as well as tracking of abnormalities noted will, we hope, permit the identification of new failure modes and the recording of causes of failure of new (or even modified) prosthetic heart valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Butany
- Department of Pathology E4-322, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2C4.
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