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Johnson P, Gulbrandson AJ, Larm NE, Stachurski CD, Durkin DP, Trulove PC. Accelerated Fabrication of Fiber-Welded Mesoporous Cotton Composites. ACS Omega 2024; 9:8503-8509. [PMID: 38405521 PMCID: PMC10882613 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Natural fiber-welded (NFW) biopolymer composites are rapidly garnering industrial and commercial attention in the textile sector, and a recent disclosure demonstrating the production of mesoporous NFW materials suggests a bright future as sorbents, filters, and nanoparticle scaffolds. A significant roadblock in the mass production of mesoporous NFW composites for research and development is their lengthy preparation time: 24 h of water rinses to remove the ionic liquid (IL) serving as a welding medium and then 72 h of solvent exchanges (polar to nonpolar), followed by oven drying to attain a mesoporous composite. In this work, the rinsing procedure is systematically truncated using the solution conductivity as a yardstick to monitor IL removal. The traditional water immersion rinses are replaced by a flow-through system (i.e., infinite dilution) using a peristaltic pump, reducing the required water rinse time for the maximum removal of IL to 30 min. This procedure also allows for easy in-line monitoring of solution conductivity and reclamation of an expensive welding solvent. Further, the organic solvent exchange is minimized to 10 min per solvent (from 24 h), resulting in a total combined rinse time of 1 h. This process acceleration reduces the overall solvent exposure time from 96 to 1 h, an almost 99% temporal improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton
J. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | - Anders J. Gulbrandson
- Department
of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | - Nathaniel E. Larm
- Department
of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | | | - David P. Durkin
- Department
of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | - Paul C. Trulove
- Department
of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
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2
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Larm NE, Stachurski CD, Gulbrandson AJ, Chase MA, Durkin DP, Trulove PC. Interrogating the Latent Porosity Within Natural Fiber Welded Composites. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1654-1658. [PMID: 38104265 PMCID: PMC10734304 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Seemingly nonporous biopolymer composites prepared by natural fiber welding (NFW) possess latent pores that can be exfoliated by conscientious solvation. We present a seminal demonstration of this concept for cellulose and explore the impact of latent pores on the manufacture and commercialization of NFW products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel E. Larm
- Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | | | - Anders J. Gulbrandson
- Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | - Mary A. Chase
- Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | - David P. Durkin
- Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | - Paul C. Trulove
- Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
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3
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Stachurski CD, Davis JH, Cosby T, Crowley ME, Larm NE, Ballentine MG, O’Brien RA, Zeller M, Salter EA, Wierzbicki A, Trulove PC, Durkin DP. Physical and Electrochemical Analysis of N-Alkylpyrrolidinium-Substituted Boronium Ionic Liquids. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18280-18289. [PMID: 37870915 PMCID: PMC10630938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a series of novel boronium-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [TFSI-] ionic liquids (IL) are introduced and investigated. The boronium cations were designed with specific structural motifs that delivered improved electrochemical and physical properties, as evaluated through cyclic voltammetry, broadband dielectric spectroscopy, densitometry, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Boronium cations, which were appended with N-alkylpyrrolidinium substituents, exhibited superior physicochemical properties, including high conductivity, low viscosity, and electrochemical windows surpassing 6 V. Remarkably, the boronium ionic liquid functionalized with both an ethyl-substituted pyrrolidinium and trimethylamine, [(1-e-pyrr)N111BH2][TFSI], exhibited a 6.3 V window, surpassing previously published boronium-, pyrrolidinium-, and imidazolium-based IL electrolytes. Favorable physical properties and straightforward tunability make boronium ionic liquids promising candidates to replace conventional organic electrolytes for electrochemical applications requiring high voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James H. Davis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama36688, United States
| | - Tyler Cosby
- School
of Mathematics and Sciences, University
of Tennessee Southern, Pulaski, Tennessee38478, United States
| | - Margaret E. Crowley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama36688, United States
| | - Nathaniel E. Larm
- Department
of Chemistry, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland21402, United States
| | - Mollie G. Ballentine
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama36688, United States
| | - Richard A. O’Brien
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama36688, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - E. Alan Salter
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama36688, United States
| | - Andrzej Wierzbicki
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama36688, United States
| | - Paul C. Trulove
- Department
of Chemistry, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland21402, United States
| | - David P. Durkin
- Department
of Chemistry, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland21402, United States
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4
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Cosby T, Stachurski CD, Mantz RA, Trulove PC, Durkin DP. Elucidating the interplay of local and mesoscale ion dynamics and transport properties in aprotic ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:6342-6351. [PMID: 36779353 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05863d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ion dynamics and charge transport in 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium ionic liquids with chloride, bromide, tetrafluoroborate, tricyanomethanide, hexafluorophosphate, triflate, tetrachloroaluminate, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, and heptachlorodialuminate anions are investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy, rheology, viscometry, and differential scanning calorimetry. A detailed analysis reveals an anion and temperature-dependent separation of characteristic molecular relaxation rates extracted from various representations of the dielectric spectra. The separation in rates extracted from the electric modulus and conductivity formalisms is interpreted as an experimental signature of significant heterogeneity in the local ion dynamics associated with the structural glass transition, viscosity, and dc ion conductivity. It is further found that the degree of dynamic heterogeneity correlates with the strengths of slow dielectric and mechanical relaxations previously attributed to the dynamics of mesoscale solvophobic aggregates. Increasing local dynamic heterogeneity correlates with an increase in the strength of the slow, aggregate dielectric relaxation and a decrease in the strength of the slow, aggregate mechanical relaxation. Accordingly, increasing local dynamic heterogeneity, brought about by change in temperature and/or cation/anion chemical structure, correlates with an increase in the static dielectric permittivities and a decrease in the contribution of aggregate dynamics to the zero-shear viscosities. The established correlation provides a new ability to distinguish between the influence of mesoscale aggregate shape/morphology versus local and mesoscale ion dynamics on the transport properties of ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Cosby
- Division of Mathematics and Sciences, University of Tennessee Southern, Pulaski, TN, USA.
| | | | | | - Paul C Trulove
- Department of Chemistry, US Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA.
| | - David P Durkin
- Department of Chemistry, US Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA.
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5
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Luning Prak DJ, Ye S, McLaughlin M, Trulove PC, Cowart JS. Biobased Diesel Fuel Analysis and Formulation and Testing of Surrogate Fuel Mixtures. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dianne J. Luning Prak
- Department
of Chemistry, U.S. Naval Academy, 572 M Holloway Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | - Sonya Ye
- Department
of Chemistry, U.S. Naval Academy, 572 M Holloway Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | - Margaret McLaughlin
- Department
of Chemistry, U.S. Naval Academy, 572 M Holloway Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | - Paul C. Trulove
- Department
of Chemistry, U.S. Naval Academy, 572 M Holloway Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | - Jim S. Cowart
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, U.S. Naval Academy, 590 Holloway Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
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6
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Abstract
Ionic liquids represent a unique class of solvents that offer unprecedented versatility and tunability. Nature has developed a wide variety of materials based upon both proteins and polysaccharides. Many of these materials have unique properties that are a function not only of the material identity but are also largely dictated by processing conditions. Recent work has shown the potential of ionic liquids as solvents for the dissolution and processing of biopolymers. In this research we have expanded upon the limited data available to date using several biopolymers including: silk, chitin, collagen and elastin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J. Marshall Green
- U.S. Naval Academy Department of Chemistry, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA
| | - Paul A. Fylstra
- U.S. Naval Academy Department of Chemistry, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA
| | - Hugh C. De Long
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Chemistry and Life Sciences Directorate, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
| | - Paul C. Trulove
- U.S. Naval Academy Department of Chemistry, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA
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7
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Hartings MR, Benjamin N, Briere F, Briscione M, Choudary O, Fisher TL, Flynn L, Ghias E, Harper M, Khamis N, Koenigsknecht C, Lazor K, Moss S, Robbins E, Schultz S, Yaman S, Haverhals LM, Trulove PC, De Long HC, Miller AE, Fox DM. Concurrent zero-dimensional and one-dimensional biomineralization of gold from a solution of Au 3+ and bovine serum albumin. Sci Technol Adv Mater 2013; 14:065004. [PMID: 27877624 PMCID: PMC5090305 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/14/6/065004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A technique was developed for preparing a novel material that consists of gold nanoparticles trapped within a fiber of unfolded proteins. These fibers are made in an aqueous solution that contains HAuCl4 and the protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA). By changing the ratio of gold to BSA in solution, two different types of outcomes are observed. At lower gold to BSA ratios (30-120), a purple solution results after heating the mixture at 80 °C for 4 h. At higher gold to BSA ratios (130-170), a clear solution containing purple fibers results after heating the mixture at 80 °C for 4 h. UV-Vis spectroscopy and light scattering techniques show growth in nanocolloid size as gold to BSA ratio rises above 100. Data indicate that, for the higher gold to BSA ratios, the gold is sequestered within the solid material. The material mass, visible by eye, appears to be an aggregation of smaller individual fibers. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy indicate that these fibers are primarily one-dimensional aggregates, which can display some branching, and can be as narrow as 400 nm in size. The likely mechanism for the synthesis of the novel material is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Hartings
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Noah Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Floriene Briere
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Maria Briscione
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Omar Choudary
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Tamra L Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Laura Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ghias
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Michaela Harper
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Nader Khamis
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Catherine Koenigsknecht
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Klare Lazor
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Steven Moss
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Elaine Robbins
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Susan Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Samiye Yaman
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Luke M Haverhals
- Department of Chemistry, US Naval Academy, Anapolis, MD 21402, USA
| | - Paul C Trulove
- Department of Chemistry, US Naval Academy, Anapolis, MD 21402, USA
| | - Hugh C De Long
- Directorate of Math, Information, and Life Sciences, US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
| | - Abigail E Miller
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Douglas M Fox
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
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8
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McCarthy ED, Zammarano M, Fox DM, Nieuwendaal RC, Kim YS, Maupin PH, Trulove PC, Gilman JW. Formation of extended ionomeric network by bulk polymerization of l,d-lactide with layered-double-hydroxide. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Haverhals LM, Nevin LM, Foley MP, Brown EK, De Long HC, Trulove PC. Fluorescence monitoring of ionic liquid-facilitated biopolymer mobilization and reorganization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:6417. [PMID: 22614442 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31507f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquid-facilitated mobilization and reorganization of biopolymers in natural fibrous materials is visualized by confocal fluorescent spectromicroscopy. Ionic liquid-based processes controllably fuse adjacent fibres while simultaneously leaving selected amounts of biopolymers in their native states. These processes generate congealed materials with extended intermolecular hydrogen bonding networks and enhanced properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke M Haverhals
- United States Naval Academy, 572M Holloway Rd MS-9B, Annapolis, USA.
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10
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Fox DM, Lee J, Zammarano M, Katsoulis D, Eldred DV, Haverhals LM, Trulove PC, De Long HC, Gilman JW. Char-forming behavior of nanofibrillated cellulose treated with glycidyl phenyl POSS. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Henderson WA, Fylstra P, De Long HC, Trulove PC, Parsons S. Crystal structure of the ionic liquid EtNH3NO3—Insights into the thermal phase behavior of protic ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:16041-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43079g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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12
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Haverhals LM, Foley MP, Brown EK, Fox DM, De Long HC, Trulove PC. Natural Fiber Welding: Ionic Liquid Facilitated Biopolymer Mobilization and Reorganization. ACS Symposium Series 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1117.ch006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke M. Haverhals
- Department of Chemistry, U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC 20016
- Directorate of Mathematics and Life Sciences, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, Virginia 22203
| | - Matthew P. Foley
- Department of Chemistry, U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC 20016
- Directorate of Mathematics and Life Sciences, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, Virginia 22203
| | - E. Kate Brown
- Department of Chemistry, U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC 20016
- Directorate of Mathematics and Life Sciences, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, Virginia 22203
| | - Douglas M. Fox
- Department of Chemistry, U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC 20016
- Directorate of Mathematics and Life Sciences, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, Virginia 22203
| | - Hugh C. De Long
- Department of Chemistry, U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC 20016
- Directorate of Mathematics and Life Sciences, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, Virginia 22203
| | - Paul C. Trulove
- Department of Chemistry, U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC 20016
- Directorate of Mathematics and Life Sciences, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, Virginia 22203
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13
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Fox DM, Harris RH, Bellayer S, Gilman JW, Gelfer MY, Hsaio BS, Maupin PH, Trulove PC, De Long HC. The pillaring effect of the 1,2-dimethyl-3(benzyl ethyl iso-butyl POSS) imidazolium cation in polymer/montmorillonite nanocomposites. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Reichert WM, Trulove PC, De Long HC. 3-(1-Methyl-3-imidazolio)propane-sulfonate: a precursor to a Brønsted acid ionic liquid. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o591. [PMID: 21580354 PMCID: PMC2983509 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810004344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C7H12N2O3S, is a zwitterion precursor to a Brønsted acid ionic liquid with potential as an acid catalyst. The C—N—C—C torsion angle of 100.05 (8)° allows the positively charged imidazolium head group and the negatively charged sulfonate group to interact with neighboring zwitterions, forming a C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding network; the shortest among these interactions is 2.9512 (9) Å. The C—H⋯O interactions can be described by graph-set notation as two R22(16) and one R22(5) hydrogen-bonded rings.
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15
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Fox DM, Gilman JW, Morgan AB, Shields JR, Maupin PH, Lyon RE, De Long HC, Trulove PC. Flammability and Thermal Analysis Characterization of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie800665u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M. Fox
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio 45469, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Aviation Administration, Atlantic City International Airport, New Jersey 08405, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, Virginia 22203, and Chemistry Department, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey W. Gilman
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio 45469, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Aviation Administration, Atlantic City International Airport, New Jersey 08405, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, Virginia 22203, and Chemistry Department, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland
| | - Alexander B. Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio 45469, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Aviation Administration, Atlantic City International Airport, New Jersey 08405, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, Virginia 22203, and Chemistry Department, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland
| | - John R. Shields
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio 45469, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Aviation Administration, Atlantic City International Airport, New Jersey 08405, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, Virginia 22203, and Chemistry Department, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland
| | - Paul H. Maupin
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio 45469, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Aviation Administration, Atlantic City International Airport, New Jersey 08405, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, Virginia 22203, and Chemistry Department, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland
| | - Richard E. Lyon
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio 45469, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Aviation Administration, Atlantic City International Airport, New Jersey 08405, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, Virginia 22203, and Chemistry Department, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland
| | - Hugh C. De Long
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio 45469, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Aviation Administration, Atlantic City International Airport, New Jersey 08405, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, Virginia 22203, and Chemistry Department, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland
| | - Paul C. Trulove
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio 45469, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Aviation Administration, Atlantic City International Airport, New Jersey 08405, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, Virginia 22203, and Chemistry Department, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland
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16
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Haggenmueller R, Rahatekar SS, Fagan JA, Chun J, Becker ML, Naik RR, Krauss T, Carlson L, Kadla JF, Trulove PC, Fox DF, Delong HC, Fang Z, Kelley SO, Gilman JW. Comparison of the quality of aqueous dispersions of single wall carbon nanotubes using surfactants and biomolecules. Langmuir 2008; 24:5070-8. [PMID: 18442227 DOI: 10.1021/la703008r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in current and future applications depends on the ability to process SWCNTs in a solvent to yield high-quality dispersions characterized by individual SWCNTs and possessing a minimum of SWCNT bundles. Many approaches for the dispersion of SWCNTs have been reported. However, there is no general assessment which compares the relative quality and dispersion efficiency of the respective methods. Herein we report a quantitative comparison of the relative ability of "wrapping polymers" including oligonucleotides, peptides, lignin, chitosan, and cellulose and surfactants such as cholates, ionic liquids, and organosulfates to disperse SWCNTs in water. Optical absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy provide quantitative characterization (amount of SWCNTs that can be suspended by a given surfactant and its ability to debundle SWCNTs) of these suspensions. Sodium deoxy cholate (SDOCO), oligonucleotides (GT)(15), (GT)(10), (AC)(15), (AC)(10), C(10-30), and carboxymethylcellulose (CBMC-250K) exhibited the highest quality suspensions of the various systems studied in this work. The information presented here provides a good framework for further study of SWCNT purification and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reto Haggenmueller
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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17
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Fox DM, Maupin PH, Harris RH, Gilman JW, Eldred DV, Katsoulis D, Trulove PC, De Long HC. Use of a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-imidazolium cation as an organic modifier for montmorillonite. Langmuir 2007; 23:7707-14. [PMID: 17555333 DOI: 10.1021/la0636863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on organically modified clays (OMCs) have reported enhanced thermal stabilities when using imidazolium-based surfactants over the typical ammonium-based surfactants. Other studies have shown that polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) also improve the thermal properties of composites containing these macromers. In an attempt to utilize the beneficial properties of both imidazolium surfactants and POSS macromers, a dual nanocomposite approach to prepare OMCs was used. In this study, the preparation of a new POSS-imidazolium surfactant and its use as an organic modifier for montmorillonite are reported. The purity, solubility, and thermal characteristics of the POSS-imidazolium chloride were evaluated. In addition, several OMCs were prepared by exchanging the Na+ with POSS imidazolium cations equivalent to 100%, 95%, 40%, 20%, and 5% of the cation exchange capacity of the clay. The subsequent OMCs were characterized using thermal analysis techniques (DSC, SDT, and TGA) as well as 29Si NMR to determine the POSS content in the clay interlayer both before and after thermal oxidation degradation. Results indicate the following: (1) the solvent choice changes the efficiency of the ion-exchange reaction of the clay; (2) self-assembled crystalline POSS domains are present in the clay interlayer; (3) the d-spacing of the exchanged clay is large (3.6 nm), accommodating a bilayer structure of the POSS-imidazolium; and (4) the prepared POSS-imidazolium exchanged clays exhibit higher thermal stabilities than any previously prepared imidazolium or ammonium exchanged montmorillonite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Fox
- Chemistry Department, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, USA.
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Henderson WA, Herstedt M, Young VG, Passerini S, De Long HC, Trulove PC. New Disordering Mode for TFSI- Anions: The Nonequilibrium, Plastic Crystalline Structure of Et4NTFSI. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:1412-4. [PMID: 16471945 DOI: 10.1021/ic0513742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new TFSI- anion disordering mode has been discovered in a supercooled plastic crystalline phase of Et4NTFSI, which may, in part, account for the low melting points of TFSI- salts with organic cations, thereby forming ionic liquids, and the intriguing properties of LiTFSI for lithium battery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley A Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, US Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, USA
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Abstract
The crystal structures and thermal behavior of the 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride and hexa-fluorophosphate salts are compared with the analogous 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium salts to examine the influence of the ether oxygen on salt thermal properties for a typical constituent cation used in the preparation of ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley A Henderson
- U. S. Naval Academy, Department of Chemistry, 572 M Holloway Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, USA
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Phillips BS, Mantz RA, Trulove PC, Zabinski JS. Surface Chemistry and Tribological Behavior of Ionic Liquid Boundary Lubrication Additives in Water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2005-0901.ch019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S. Phillips
- Universal Technology Corporation, 1270 North Fairfield Road, Dayton, OH 45432-2600
| | - Robert A. Mantz
- U.S. Air Force Research Laboratories, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Nonmetallic Materials Division, Nonstructural Materials Branch, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433-7750
| | | | - Jeffrey S. Zabinski
- U.S. Air Force Research Laboratories, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Nonmetallic Materials Division, Nonstructural Materials Branch, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433-7750
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Phillips DM, Drummy LF, Naik RR, Long HCD, Fox DM, Trulove PC, Mantz RA. Regenerated silk fiber wet spinning from an ionic liquid solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b510069k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Phillips DM, Drummy LF, Conrady DG, Fox DM, Naik RR, Stone MO, Trulove PC, De Long HC, Mantz RA. Dissolution and Regeneration of Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin Using Ionic Liquids. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:14350-1. [PMID: 15521743 DOI: 10.1021/ja046079f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the suitability of imidazolium-based ionic liquid solvents is investigated for the dissolution and regeneration of silkworm (Bombyx mori) silk. Within an ionic liquid the anion plays a larger role in dictating the ultimate solubility of the silk. The dissolution of the silk in the ionic liquid is confirmed using wide-angle X-ray scattering. The dissolved silk is also processed into 100 mum-thick, two-dimensional films, and the structure of these films is examined. The rinse solvent, acetonitrile or methanol, has a profound impact on both the topography of the films and the secondary structure of the silk protein. The image depicts a silkworm cocoon dissolved in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and then regenerated as a film with birefringence.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Phillips
- Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh C. De Long
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research, 801 Randolph Street, Arlington, VA 22203-1977
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department Building 207, Department 6170, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375
| | - Paul C. Trulove
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research, 801 Randolph Street, Arlington, VA 22203-1977
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department Building 207, Department 6170, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375
| | - Thomas E. Sutto
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department Building 207, Department 6170, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375
- U.S. Naval Academy, Chemistry Department, Annapolis, MD 21402
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Abstract
The physical properties of solid gel electrolytes of either polyvinylidene diflurohexafluoropropylene or a combination of polyvinylidene hexafluoropropylene and polyacrylic acid, and the molten salts 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-propylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, and the new molten salts 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-butylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, and 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate were characterized by temperature dependent ionic conductivity measurements for both the pure molten salt and of the molten salt with 0.5 M Li+ present. Ionic conductivity data indicate that for each of the molten salts, the highest concentration of molten salt allowable in a single component polymer gel was 85%, while gels composed of 90%molten salt were possible when using both polyvinylidene hexafluorophosphate and polyacrylic acid. For polymer gel composites prepared using lithium containing ionic liquids, the optimum polymer gel composite consisted of 85% of the 0.5 M Li+/ionic liquid, 12.75% polyvinylidene hexafluoropropylene, and 2.25% poly (1-carboxyethylene). The highest ionic conductivity observed was for the gel containing 90%1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 9.08 mS/cm. For the lithium containing ionic liquid gels, their ionic conductivity ranged from 1.45 to 0.05 mS/cm, which is comparable to the value of 0.91 mS/cm, observed for polymer composite gels containing 0.5 M LiBF4 in propylene carbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Sutto
- 1Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington D.C., 20375, U.S.A
- 2Chemistry Department, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD 21402-5026, U.S.A
| | - Hugh C. De Long
- 1Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington D.C., 20375, U.S.A
- 3Air Force Office of Scientific Research, 801 North Randolph Street, Room 732, Arlington, VA22203-1977, U.S.A
| | - Paul C. Trulove
- 1Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington D.C., 20375, U.S.A
- 3Air Force Office of Scientific Research, 801 North Randolph Street, Room 732, Arlington, VA22203-1977, U.S.A
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Trulove PC, Sukumaran DK, Osteryoung RA. NMR studies of the proton equilibrium in basic ambient-temperature chloroaluminate ionic liquids. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic00072a039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Khaled MM, Carlin RT, Trulove PC, Eaton GR, Eaton SS. Electrochemical Generation and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of C60-, C602-, and C603-. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00087a037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Trulove PC, Carlin RT, Eaton GR, Eaton SS. Determination of the singlet-triplet energy separation for C602- in DMSO by electron paramagnetic resonance. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00128a014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Trulove PC, Sukumaran DK, Osteryoung RA. Protons in acidic ambient-temperature chloroaluminate molten salts: hydrogen-deuterium exchange between the imidazolium cation and hydrogen chloride. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100052a025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mantz RA, Trulove PC, Carlin RT, Theim TL, Osteryoung RA. Gutmann Acceptor Properties of LiCl, NaCl, and KCl Buffered Ambient-Temperature Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquids. Inorg Chem 1997; 36:1227-1232. [PMID: 11669690 DOI: 10.1021/ic960994n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gutmann acceptor numbers have been determined using (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for AlCl(3)/EMIC melts as well as LiCl, NaCl, and KCl neutral buffered melts. In AlCl(3)/EMIC melts, where EMIC is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, the change in Gutmann acceptor number as a function of the AlCl(3):EMIC melt ratio is attributed to an equilibrium between a monoadduct of triethylphosphine oxide.AlCl(3) and a diadduct of triethylphosphine oxide.2AlCl(3). Observed acceptor numbers for the neutral buffered melts appear linear with respect to the melt's initial mole ratio of AlCl(3):EMIC prior to buffering. The lithium cation appears to be the most Lewis acidic alkali metal cation followed by the sodium and potassium cations. Possible reasons for the change in acceptor number as a function of changing alkali metal cation concentration are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Mantz
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
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Eaton SS, Kee A, Konda R, Eaton GR, Trulove PC, Carlin RT. Comparison of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Line Shapes and Electron Spin Relaxation Rates for C60- and C603- in 4:1 Toluene:Acetonitrile and Dimethyl Sulfoxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp953220l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Carlin RT, Trulove PC, Mantz RA, O'Dea JJ, Osteryoung RA. Electron transfer kinetics for weakly bonded, labile metal–ligand complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1039/ft9969203969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Trulove PC, Chapman RD, Shackelford SA. Kinetic Deuterium Isotope Effects in the combustion of formulated nitramine propellants. Propellants Explos Pyrotech 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.19940190108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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