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Ali R, Connolly ID, Tang OY, Mirza FN, Johnston B, Abdulrazeq HF, Lim RK, Galamaga PF, Libby TJ, Sodha NR, Groff MW, Gokaslan ZL, Telfeian AE, Shin JH, Asaad WF, Zou J, Doberstein CE. Author Correction: Bridging the literacy gap for surgical consents: an AI-human expert collaborative approach. NPJ Digit Med 2024; 7:93. [PMID: 38609435 PMCID: PMC11015017 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-024-01099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rohaid Ali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Norman Prince Neurosciences Institute, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Ian D Connolly
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oliver Y Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Fatima N Mirza
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Benjamin Johnston
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hael F Abdulrazeq
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Norman Prince Neurosciences Institute, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Rachel K Lim
- Department of Surgery & Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Tiffany J Libby
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Neel R Sodha
- Department of Surgery & Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael W Groff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ziya L Gokaslan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Norman Prince Neurosciences Institute, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Albert E Telfeian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Norman Prince Neurosciences Institute, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John H Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wael F Asaad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - James Zou
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Biomedical Data Science, and Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Curtis E Doberstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Norman Prince Neurosciences Institute, Providence, RI, USA
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Ali R, Connolly ID, Tang OY, Mirza FN, Johnston B, Abdulrazeq HF, Lim RK, Galamaga PF, Libby TJ, Sodha NR, Groff MW, Gokaslan ZL, Telfeian AE, Shin JH, Asaad WF, Zou J, Doberstein CE. Bridging the literacy gap for surgical consents: an AI-human expert collaborative approach. NPJ Digit Med 2024; 7:63. [PMID: 38459205 PMCID: PMC10923794 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-024-01039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of informed consent in healthcare, the readability and specificity of consent forms often impede patients' comprehension. This study investigates the use of GPT-4 to simplify surgical consent forms and introduces an AI-human expert collaborative approach to validate content appropriateness. Consent forms from multiple institutions were assessed for readability and simplified using GPT-4, with pre- and post-simplification readability metrics compared using nonparametric tests. Independent reviews by medical authors and a malpractice defense attorney were conducted. Finally, GPT-4's potential for generating de novo procedure-specific consent forms was assessed, with forms evaluated using a validated 8-item rubric and expert subspecialty surgeon review. Analysis of 15 academic medical centers' consent forms revealed significant reductions in average reading time, word rarity, and passive sentence frequency (all P < 0.05) following GPT-4-faciliated simplification. Readability improved from an average college freshman to an 8th-grade level (P = 0.004), matching the average American's reading level. Medical and legal sufficiency consistency was confirmed. GPT-4 generated procedure-specific consent forms for five varied surgical procedures at an average 6th-grade reading level. These forms received perfect scores on a standardized consent form rubric and withstood scrutiny upon expert subspeciality surgeon review. This study demonstrates the first AI-human expert collaboration to enhance surgical consent forms, significantly improving readability without sacrificing clinical detail. Our framework could be extended to other patient communication materials, emphasizing clear communication and mitigating disparities related to health literacy barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohaid Ali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Norman Prince Neurosciences Institute, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Ian D Connolly
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oliver Y Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Fatima N Mirza
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Benjamin Johnston
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hael F Abdulrazeq
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Norman Prince Neurosciences Institute, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Rachel K Lim
- Department of Surgery & Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Tiffany J Libby
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Neel R Sodha
- Department of Surgery & Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael W Groff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ziya L Gokaslan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Norman Prince Neurosciences Institute, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Albert E Telfeian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Norman Prince Neurosciences Institute, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John H Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wael F Asaad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - James Zou
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Biomedical Data Science, and Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Curtis E Doberstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Norman Prince Neurosciences Institute, Providence, RI, USA
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