Biochemical, urinary, and acid-base profile in cattle treated with maintenance enteral electrolyte solutions containing calcium propionate, propylene glycol or glycerol

Enteral fluid therapy administered in continuous flow through the naso-ruminal route for long periods with electrolyte solutions is safe and effective in cattle. The aim of this study was to carry out a comparative assessment between maintenance enteral electrolyte solutions containing calcium propionate, propylene glycol or glycerol administered in continuous flow in cattle. Six heifers were used and the study was carried out in a 6 × 3 crossover design, in which each animal received three different treatments: enteral electrolyte solution containing calcium propionate (ESCaP), enteral electrolyte solution containing glycerol (ESGly) and enteral electrolyte solution containing propylene glycol (ESPrG). Solutions were administered at a rate of 15 mL kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ for 12 h. Serum and urinary biochemical assessment; urinary volume, pH, and specific gravity; and blood gas analysis were measured at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h. All three enteral electrolyte solutions expanded blood volume and increased urine volume without causing electrolyte imbalances. ESCaP caused mild reversible metabolic alkalosis while the most significant glycemic potential was observed in electrolyte solutions containing propylene glycol (ESPrG) and calcium propionate (ESCaP).

Effects of Hypotonic and Isotonic Enteral Electrolyte Solutions Administered in Continuous Flow in Weaned Foals

The effects of fluid therapy with maintenance enteral electrolytic solutions administered by nasogastric route in continuous flow have not previously been studied in weaned foals. This study primary goal was to compare the effects of two maintenance enteral electrolytic solutions administered by nasogastric route in continuous flow on the hydro electrolytic balance in weaned foals. This paper was a controlled trial in a cross-over design (6 × 2) performed in six foals with a mean age of 7.3 ± 1.4 months; each animal received two treatments, IsoES and HypoES, with an interval of 7 days between treatments. After 12 h of fasting, the animals were treated with enteral electrolyte solutions administered via nasogastric route in continuous flow in a volume of 15 mL/kg/h for 12 h. The evaluations were performed at T-12h (the beginning of the fasting), T0h (end of fasting and beginning of fluid therapy), T4h (4 h of fluid therapy), T8h (8 h of fluid therapy), T12h (end of fluid therapy), and T24h (12 h after the end of fluid therapy). Twelve hours of fasting resulted in a reduction (P < 0.05) in body weight, abdominal circumference, whereas serum sodium, SID and enophthalmos increased. Twelve hours of fluid therapy normalized these parameters and promoted increased urinary volume and decreased urinary density without causing electrolyte imbalances. Both enteral electrolytic solutions were effective in reestablishing clinical and laboratorial variables without causing electrolyte imbalances.

Acute-Phase Proteins of Healthy Horses and Horses Naturally Affected by Colic Syndrome

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the serum proteinogram, identifying and quantifying the acute-phase proteins (APPs) of healthy horses and those naturally affected by colic syndrome. Blood samples were collected from 9 healthy horses and 17 horses with clinical (G1) or surgical (G2) colic at the time of arrival at the veterinary hospital (M0) and 24 (M1), 48 (M2), and 72 (M3) hours after the initiation of treatment. The APPs were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and their concentrations were determined by computerized densitometry. Protein identification was performed using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Nine APPs were identified: α2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, albumin, α1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, α1-acid glycoprotein, apolipoprotein A1, and serum amyloid A. Ceruloplasmin (Cp) presented an elevation at M0 in G2 in relation to G1 and the control group (CG). Serum amyloid A (SAA) presented an elevation with a difference at M3 in G1 and G2, compared with CG. In the comparison between the time points within each group (G1 and G2), there was an increase in SAA in G2 with a difference at M1, M2, and M3. Cp and SAA were suitable for evaluating the acute-phase response in horses with colic. Cp was an indicator of colic with surgical resolution. SAA presented favorable behavior for its use as a biomarker to establish the prognosis in horses with colic. The serial measurement of these proteins was useful in differentiating the clinical or surgical treatment and prognosis of horses with this disorder.

AVALIAÇÃO DO PERÍODO PERIPARTO POR PARÂMETROS CLÍNICOS E HEMATOLÓGICOS EM CABRAS LEITEIRAS

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do período de periparto sobre os parâmetros clínicos e hematológicos de cabras adultas. Utilizou-se animais da raça Saanen e Parda Alpina, sendo 24 nos tempos: T-15 (quinze dias antes do parto), T0 (imediatamente após o parto), T2 (dois dias após o parto), T5 (cinco dias após o parto), T10 (dez dias após o parto), T15 (quinze dias após o parto) e T30 (trinta dias após o parto) e 10 animais como grupo controle (Mesma raça, não gestantes e não lactantes). Como principais achados físicos, observou-se que a frequência cardíaca (FC) dos animais é normalmente mais elevada no pré-parto e parto, caindo ao longo do tempo de lactação. A frequência respiratória (FR) dos animais avaliados é mais elevada em relação aos animais controle, com o pico acontecendo no T-15. Na avaliação das principais observações no hemograma, observam-se valores mais baixos para hemoglobina no T-15 em relação ao grupo controle, e uma redução da toda série vermelha no T15. Houve uma elevação do número de leucócitos por neutrofilia com linfopenia em T0 e a leucocitose com neutrofilia se manteve ao longo da fase observacional. Valores de proteínas mais baixos foram observados em T-15 e T0, aumentando posteriormente. A variável fibrinogênio apresentou o maior valor em T0. Conclui-se que os parâmetros físicos e hematimétricos são úteis para detecção das variações que ocorrem no periparto. Tais achados, associados ao leucograma de estresse e aumento da taxa metabólica basal, encontrado nesta mesma fase, corroboram com o momento de fragilidade fisiológica na qual a cabra se encontra. Assim, cuidados no manejo relacionados ao conforto térmico e atendimento às exigências nutricionais são fundamentais a fim de se evitar mais desequilíbrios orgânicos decorrentes de fatores externos que podem vir a comprometer a saúde do caprino e posterior desempenho produtivo.