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Diaz-Milanes D, Salado V, Santín Vilariño C, Andrés-Villas M, Pérez-Moreno PJ. A Network Analysis Study on the Structure and Gender Invariance of the Satisfaction with Life Scale among Spanish University Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:237. [PMID: 38255125 PMCID: PMC10815709 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The psychometric properties of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) have been evaluated across numerous languages and population groups, primarily from a factor analysis perspective. In some studies, inconsistencies in structural invariance have been identified. OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze the properties and gender invariance of the SWLS from a network analysis perspective. METHOD A total of 857 Spanish university students were obtained through a stratified random cluster sampling method in a cross-sectional survey design study. Descriptive analysis of the items, partial-correlation network, Bayesian network model estimation, and invariance analysis by gender were conducted. RESULTS The instrument did not exhibit any floor or ceiling effects. Each item can be considered univariately normally distributed, and all items clustered in a single and stable community. The partial-correlation network model and centrality measures were stable in the full sample and invariant across genders. Item 3 emerged as the most central node in the network with the highest predictability. The Bayesian network indicated that items 2 and 4 initiate the process, while item 5 acts as the sink, and items 1 and 3 act as mediators. CONCLUSIONS The SWLS can be used as a unidimensional measure, and the total score and relationships among items are stable and reliable. Any potential differences among genders cannot be associated with the functioning of the instrument. The predictability of every item was high, and the Bayesian network clearly identified different roles among the items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Diaz-Milanes
- Department of Quantitative Methods, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, 41704 Sevilla, Spain;
- Institute of Health Research, University of Canberra, Canberra 2617, Australia
| | - Vanesa Salado
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Santín Vilariño
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain; (C.S.V.); (P.J.P.-M.)
| | - Montserrat Andrés-Villas
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain;
| | - Pedro Juan Pérez-Moreno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain; (C.S.V.); (P.J.P.-M.)
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Tarilonte-Castaño I, Díaz-Milanés D, Andrés-Villas M, Morales-Domínguez Z, Pérez-Moreno PJ. Validation of the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II in Spanish University Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081128. [PMID: 37107962 PMCID: PMC10138037 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyse the psychometric properties of the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II (CEI-II) to provide evidence of validity for its use in research on health promotion and the quality of life of young Spanish university students. METHOD A sample of 807 participants (75.09% female) aged 18-26 years (M = 20.68; SD = 2.13) completed the CEI-II and health and quality of life measures questionnaire. RESULTS A unidimensional structure was confirmed, but the original two-dimensional structure also showed an adequate fit. The measures obtained from the CEI-II were gender- and age-invariant, which exhibited adequate internal consistency for both the full scale and subscales, and showed a statistically significant relationship with life satisfaction, sense of coherence, and psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS The CEI-II can be used as unidimensional, which is recommended, but also as a two-dimensional measure. Both structures provide reliable, valid, and invariant measures across gender and age of exploratory behaviours in Spanish university students. Furthermore, the results confirm the association between exploratory behaviours and greater health management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Díaz-Milanés
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, 41704 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Montserrat Andrés-Villas
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Zaira Morales-Domínguez
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Pedro Juan Pérez-Moreno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
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Gómez-Bujedo J, Lorca-Marín JA, Pérez-Moreno PJ, Díaz Batanero C, Fernández-Calderón F, Moraleda-Barreno E. Changes in Drug-Related Implicit Associations during Substance Use Disorder Treatment: The Role of the Therapeutic Context. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:185-192. [PMID: 34738506 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1995755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implicit cognition has been linked to relapse in substance use disorder (SUD). Studies on attentional bias have found different outcomes related to the therapeutic context, finding an association with relapse in inpatients but not in outpatients. There are no similar studies that use associations in semantic memory as a measure of implicit cognition. OBJECTIVES (i) to analyze the relationship between a measure of associations in semantic memory and relapse in inpatients and outpatients; (ii) to compare the evolution of these associations between inpatients and outpatients after 3 months of treatment. METHODS Eighty nine outpatients and 94 inpatients with SUD for cocaine and alcohol participated in this study. We employed a longitudinal design with a baseline evaluation and follow-up after three months, using the Word Association Task for Drug Use Disorder (WAT-DUD). RESULTS The choice of drug-related words predicted relapse in cocaine (odds ratio = 1.97, z = 2.01, p = .045) and alcohol-cocaine (odds ratio = 2.39, z = 2.55, p = .011) use. Follow-up at 3 months revealed a reduction in the choice of drug-related words in inpatients (Z = 2.031, p = .042). CONCLUSIONS A greater choice of drug-associated words in the presence of ambiguous images was related to relapse in inpatients but not in outpatients. The inpatients group showed a reduction in the semantic association with drugs during the first three months of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Gómez-Bujedo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, Facultad de Educación, Psicología y Ciencias del Deporte, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain, EU
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Spain
| | - José Andrés Lorca-Marín
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, Facultad de Educación, Psicología y Ciencias del Deporte, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain, EU
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Spain
| | - Pedro Juan Pérez-Moreno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, Facultad de Educación, Psicología y Ciencias del Deporte, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain, EU
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Spain
| | - Carmen Díaz Batanero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, Facultad de Educación, Psicología y Ciencias del Deporte, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain, EU
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Spain
| | - Fermín Fernández-Calderón
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, Facultad de Educación, Psicología y Ciencias del Deporte, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain, EU
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Spain
| | - Enrique Moraleda-Barreno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, Facultad de Educación, Psicología y Ciencias del Deporte, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain, EU
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Spain
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Gómez-Bujedo J, Lozano ÓM, Pérez-Moreno PJ, Lorca-Marín JA, Fernández-Calderón F, Diaz-Batanero C, Moraleda-Barreno E. Personality Traits and Impulsivity Tasks Among Substance Use Disorder Patients: Their Relations and Links With Retention in Treatment. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:566240. [PMID: 33101084 PMCID: PMC7506060 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.566240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various authors have described the elements of impulsive approach and inhibitory control in drug users. These two components have been studied in terms of personality traits, performance on tasks that measure impulsive behavior, and neurophysiology. However, few studies have analyzed the association between these constructs. Thus, the aim of the present study is to analyze the associations between personality traits and performance on impulsivity tasks. METHODS A follow-up study was conducted with a baseline assessment at the beginning and end of treatment. The sample was composed of 121 patients undergoing treatment in therapeutic communities. Personality domains were evaluated through the PID-5. The impulsivity tasks employed were the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), Delay Discounting Test (DDT), Go/No-Go and Stroop test. RESULTS A correlation was found between DDT scores and the domains of detachment (r = -.315; p<.01), antagonism (r = -.294; p<.01), and disinhibition (r = .215; p<.05). Performance on the Stroop task was significantly associated with psychoticism (r = .232; p<.05) and negative affect (r = .212; p<.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that IGT scores and negative affect predict retention in treatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings partially support the hypothesized association between sensation-seeking personality traits and detachment with impulsive choice tasks; and the relationships between negative affect and psychoticism traits with performance on inhibitory control tasks. Further, impulsive choice task scores and negative affect are both shown to predict retention in treatment.
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Gómez-Bujedo J, Domínguez-Salas S, Pérez-Moreno PJ, Moraleda-Barreno E, Lozano OM. Reliability and validity evidence of a new interpretation bias task in patients diagnosed with drug use disorder: a preliminary study of the Word Association Task for Drug Use Disorder (WAT-DUD). The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 2019; 45:365-376. [DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2018.1559848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Gómez-Bujedo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Sara Domínguez-Salas
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Pedro Juan Pérez-Moreno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Enrique Moraleda-Barreno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Oscar M. Lozano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
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Moraleda-Barreno E, Díaz-Batanero C, Pérez-Moreno PJ, Gómez-Bujedo J, Lozano OM. Relations between facets and personality domains with impulsivity: New evidence using the DSM-5 Section III framework in patients with substance use disorders. Personal Disord 2018; 9:490-495. [PMID: 29431453 DOI: 10.1037/per0000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition proposes an alternative diagnostic model for personality disorders based on the identification of pathological personality facets. Despite the existing evidence for the relationship between personality disorders and impulsivity in patients with substance use disorders, no study has yet been conducted within this framework. Thus, using a sample of 110 patients with substance use disorders, the present work aims to (a) analyze the relationship between the different personality facets and domains evaluated by the Personality Inventory for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (PID-5) and impulsivity and (b) explore the relationships between severity of dependency and personality facets and dimensions of impulsivity. With respect to PID-5 domains, except for sensation-seeking, antagonism and disinhibition showed correlations higher than .30 with the following dimensions: urgency, premeditation, perseverance, sensation-seeking, and positive urgency (UPPS-P). The domains of detachment and psychoticism showed weaker correlations with different UPPS-P dimensions. The risk-taking PID-5 facet explains 49% variability of the sensation-seeking dimension of UPPS-P, whereas the impulsivity facet was significant on regression models computed with lack of premeditation, positive urgency, and negative urgency dimensions. Heroin and cocaine severity of dependence were moderately related to different personality facets. Lower relationships between alcohol and cannabis severity of dependence, impulsivity, and PID-5 facets were found. As a conclusion, the relationships between personality domains and impulsivity behave similarly to their five-factor equivalents for some dimensions but not for negative urgency, which might indicate the lack of specificity of this dimension of impulsivity on this type of patients. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Oscar M Lozano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, iversity of Huelva
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