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Nascimento KB, Galvão MC, Meneses JAM, Ramírez-Zamudio GD, Pereira DG, Paulino PVR, Casagrande DR, Gionbelli TRS, Ladeira MM, Duarte MS, Loor JJ, Gionbelli MP. Maternal protein supplementation during mid-gestation improves offspring performance and metabolism in beef cows. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae058. [PMID: 38437631 PMCID: PMC10998463 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the impact of maternal protein supplementation during mid-gestation on offspring, considering potential sex-related effects. Forty-three pregnant purebred Tabapuã beef cows (20 female and 23 male fetuses) were collectively managed in a pasture until 100 d of gestation. From 100 to 200 d of gestation, they were randomly assigned to the restricted group [(RES) - basal diet (75% corn silage + 25% sugar cane bagasse + mineral mixture); n = 24] or control group [(CON) - same basal diet + based-plant supplement [40% of crude protein, 3.5 g/kg of body weight (BW); n = 19]. From 200 d of gestation until parturition, all cows were equally fed corn silage and mineral mixture. During the cow-calf phase, cows and their calves were maintained in a pasture area. After weaning, calves were individually housed and evaluated during the backgrounding (255 to 320 d), growing 1 (321 to 381 d), and growing 2 (382 to 445 d) phases. Offspring's blood samples were collected at 210 and 445 d of age. Samples of skeletal muscle tissue were collected through biopsies at 7, 30, and 445 d of age. Muscle tissue samples were subjected to reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Prenatal treatment and offspring's sex (when pertinent) were considered fixed effects. The significance level was set at 5%. At mid-gestation, cows supplemented with protein reached 98% and 92% of their protein and energy requirements, while nonsupplemented cows attained only 30% and 50% of these requirements, respectively. The RES offspring were lighter at birth (27 vs. 31 kg), weaning (197 vs. 214 kg), and 445 d of age (398 vs. 429 kg) (P ≤ 0.05). The CON calves had greater (P < 0.05) morphometric measurements overall. The CON offspring had ~26% greater muscle fiber area (P ≤ 0.01). There was a trend (P = 0.06) for a greater Mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase mRNA expression in the Longissimus thoracis in the CON group at 7 d of age. The Myogenic differentiation 1 expression was greater (P = 0.02) in RES-females. Upregulation of Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 was observed in RES offspring at 445 d (P = 0.04). Expression of Fatty acid binding protein 4 (P < 0.001), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (P < 0.001), and Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase (P < 0.001) was upregulated in CON-females. Therefore, protein supplementation during gestation enhances offspring growth and promotes favorable responses to lipogenesis, particularly in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina B Nascimento
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Matheus C Galvão
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Javier A M Meneses
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37203-202, Brazil
- Department of Medicine Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (UDCA), Cartagena, Bolivar 130001, Colombia
| | - German D Ramírez-Zamudio
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Douglas G Pereira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Pedro V R Paulino
- Cargill Animal Nutrition/Nutron, Campinas, São Paulo 13086-903, Brazil
| | - Daniel R Casagrande
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Tathyane R S Gionbelli
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Marcio M Ladeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Marcio S Duarte
- Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Mateus P Gionbelli
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37203-202, Brazil
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Santos MM, Costa TC, Silva W, Pistillo LZ, Junior DTV, Verardo LL, Paulino PVR, Sampaio CB, Gionbelli MP, Du M, Duarte MS. Nutrient supplementation of beef female calves at pre-weaning enhances the commitment of fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells to preadipocytes. Meat Sci 2023; 204:109286. [PMID: 37494740 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the impact of nutrient supplementation of beef female calves at pre-weaning on adipogenic determination. Thirty-four female calves were assigned to two experimental treatments: Control (CON, n = 17), where animals were supplemented only with mineral mixture; Supplemented (SUP, n = 17), where animals received energy-protein supplement containing minerals (5 g/kg of BW per day) of their body weight. Animals were supplemented from 100 to 250 days of age, and muscle samples were biopsied at the end of the supplementation period. Regarding the performance variables, there were no differences between treatments for initial body weight (P = 0.75). The final body weight (P = 0.07), average daily gain (P = 0.07), rib eye area (P = 0.03), and rib fat thickness (P = 0.08) were greater in SUP female calves compared with CON treatment. The number of fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells (P = 0.69) did not differ between treatments, while a greater number of intramuscular pre-adipocytes were observed in SUP than CON female calves (P = 0.01). The expression of miRNA-4429 (P = 0.20) did not differ between treatments, while the expression of miRNA-129-5p (P = 0.09) and miRNA-129-2-3p (P = 0.05) was greater in CON than SUP female calves. Our results suggest that nutrient supplementation at early postnatal stages of development enhances the commitment of fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells into the adipogenic lineages allowing to an increase in intramuscular fat deposition potential of the animals later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil; Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - T C Costa
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - W Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil; Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - L Z Pistillo
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - D T Valente Junior
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil; Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil; Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - L L Verardo
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - C B Sampaio
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - M P Gionbelli
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - M Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - M S Duarte
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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da Mata DG, Ítavo LCV, Ferreira Ítavo CCB, Ferreira JDDJ, Paulino PVR, de Moraes GJ, Niwa MVG, Kozerski ND, Leal ES, Mioto da Costa MC. Ruminal responses, digestibility, and blood parameters of beef cattle fed diets without forage with different hybrids and processing of the corn. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:367-378. [PMID: 35534948 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of corn hybrid and processing methods on intake and digestibility of nutrients, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of steers fed no-forage finishing diets. Four ruminally fistulated Nellore castrated steers (502 ± 15 kg initial body weight) were distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of two corn hybrids (semi-dent and flint) and two processing methods (dry milled and high moisture grain). Interactions of hybrid and processing methods were observed on intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP), as well as on digestibility of DM and CP, rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3 ). There was no interaction between hybrid and processing for the volatile fatty acids (VFA) total, acetate (C2), propionate (C3), isobutyric (iC4) and valeric (nC5) concentrations. VFA total concentration shown an average of 103.4 mmol/L. The C2 and C3 concentrations had no effect of the hybrid or processing with averages of 58.7 mmol/L for C2, and 31.3 mmol/l for C3. There was an effect of the processing method on starch consumption and fecal pH, the highest values were observed in grains with high moisture content. Starch digestibility was 0.89 g/g in dry milled and 0.96 g/g in high moisture corn. The greatest digestibility of starch in high moisture corn, irrespective of the corn hybrid, provided evidence of an increase in the energy supply, which may improve the feed efficiency and growth performance of cattle fed no-roughage finishing diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora G da Mata
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luís C V Ítavo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Camila C B Ferreira Ítavo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro V R Paulino
- Cargill Animal Nutrition, Beef Cattle Division, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriella J de Moraes
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcus V G Niwa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Noemila D Kozerski
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Leal
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marlova C Mioto da Costa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Campos CF, Costa TC, Rodrigues RTS, Guimarães SEF, Moura FH, Silva W, Chizzotti ML, Paulino PVR, Benedeti PDB, Silva FF, Duarte MS. Proteomic analysis reveals changes in energy metabolism of skeletal muscle in beef cattle supplemented with vitamin A. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:3536-3543. [PMID: 32240539 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A has been reported as a factor influencing marbling deposition in meat from animals. Although the mechanisms by which vitamin A regulates lipid metabolism in mature adipocytes are already well-established, information regarding molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of vitamin A on the regulation of intramuscular fat deposition in beef cattle still remains limited. The present study aimed to assess the molecular mechanisms involved in the intramuscular fat deposition in beef cattle supplemented with vitamin A during the fattening phase using a proteomic approach. RESULTS Vitamin A supplementation during the fattening phase decreased intramuscular fat deposition in beef cattle. Proteome and phospho-proteome analysis together with biological and networking analysis of the protein differentially abundant between treatments indicated that Vitamin A supplementation affects the overall energy metabolism of skeletal muscle, impairing lipid biosynthesis in skeletal muscle. CONCLUSION Vitamin A supplementation at fattening phase impairs intramuscular fat deposition in beef cattle likely by changing the energy metabolism of skeletal muscle. The interaction of retinoic acid and heat shock 70-kDa protein may play a pivotal role in intramuscular fat deposition as a consequence of vitamin A supplementation by impairing de novo fatty acid synthesis as a result of a possible decrease in insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina F Campos
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Thaís C Costa
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Rafael T S Rodrigues
- Department of Veterinary Science, Universidade Federal do vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe H Moura
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Walmir Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Mario L Chizzotti
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro D B Benedeti
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual de Santa Catarina, Chapecó, Brazil
| | - Fabyano F Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Marcio S Duarte
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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Silva LHP, Paulino PVR, Benedeti PDB, Estrada MM, Alves LC, Assis DEF, Assis GJF, Leonel FP, Valadares Filho SC, Paulino MF, Chizzotti ML. Post-weaning growth rate effects on body composition of Nellore bulls. Anim Prod Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an19032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Previously feed-restricted cattle may exhibit compensatory growth during the finishing phase. However, the efficiency in converting feed into carcass should be evaluated since cattle undergoing compensatory growth usually have high non-carcass weight gain.
Aims
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of growth rate throughout the post-weaning growing phase on subsequent feed efficiency, carcass gain, and gain composition.
Methods
Thirty-nine weaned young Nellore bulls averaging 230.4 ± 5.62 kg of bodyweight and 8.5 ± 0.25 months of age were used. Initially, five bulls were slaughtered as a reference initial group. The remaining bulls were randomly assigned to one of three nutritional plans to achieve Low (0 kg/day), Medium (0.6 kg/day) or High (1.2 kg/day) average daily gain (ADG) throughout the post-weaning growing phase, followed by high growth rate during the finishing phase. One-half of the bulls from each treatment were slaughtered at the end of the post-weaning growing phase, and the other one-half after the finishing phase. During both phases the feed intake, apparent digestibility, performance, and body composition were evaluated.
Key results
Throughout the post-weaning growing phase, High bulls had greater ADG and more efficiently converted feed into carcass, compared with other nutritional plans (P < 0.01). Throughout the finishing phase, Low bulls had greater ADG, carcass gain, and feed efficiency than High and Medium bulls (P < 0.01). Previous feed restriction did not affect (P > 0.05) apparent digestibility. During the finishing phase, previously restricted bulls fully compensated for the lost visceral organ weight, whereas the losses of bodyweight and carcass weight were only partially compensated. Throughout finishing, Low bulls had the greatest feed efficiency and profitability among nutritional plans. However, considering the overall experiment, Hight bulls converted feed into carcass more efficiently than Low bulls (P = 0.02), but did not differ from Medium (P > 0.05).
Conclusions
Although previously restricted bulls had greater performance and efficiency throughout finishing, the improvement was not enough to reach the same carcass weight at the same age of the unrestricted bulls.
Implications
Despite the greater profitability of previously restricted bulls throughout finishing, unrestricted bulls were more profitable considering both growing and finishing phases.
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Cruzen SM, Paulino PVR, Lonergan SM, Huff-Lonergan E. Postmortem proteolysis in three muscles from growing and mature beef cattle. Meat Sci 2013; 96:854-61. [PMID: 24211543 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine calpain system activity and postmortem protein degradation in three muscles from growing (n=6, 7.3 ± 0.5 months) and mature (n=6, 106.7 ± 43.1 months) beef cattle. The ratio of μ-calpain:total calpastatin activity tended to be lower in mature animals (P=0.08), suggesting reduced potential for proteolysis. Additionally, muscles from the mature group had greater calpastatin activity compared to calves at 6 days postmortem and had less μ-calpain autolysis and troponin-T and titin degradation during the aging period (P<0.01). Between the longissimus, semimembranosus, and triceps brachii muscles, the triceps brachii had the least postmortem proteolysis, with greater calpastatin activity and less troponin-T and titin degradation compared to other muscles (P<0.01). These data suggest that calpastatin activity in muscle from older animals is more persistent postmortem. This difference may contribute to the decreased protein degradation and increased toughness of beef from mature cattle, even after aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Cruzen
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Duarte MS, Gionbelli MP, Paulino PVR, Serão NVL, Silva LHP, Mezzomo R, Dodson MV, Du M, Busboom JR, Guimarães SEF, Filho SCV. Effects of pregnancy and feeding level on carcass and meat quality traits of Nellore cows. Meat Sci 2013; 94:139-44. [PMID: 23416625 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Carcass and meat quality traits of 16 pregnant and 5 non-pregnant cows fed at 1.2 times maintenance and 16 pregnant and 6 non-pregnant fed ad libitum were evaluated. Pregnancy did not affect final body weight (FBW; P=0.0923), cold carcass yield (CCY; P=0.0513), longissimus muscle area (LMA; P=0.8260), rib fat thickness (RFT; P=0.1873) and shear force (WBSF; P=0.9707). A lower FBW (P=0.0028), LMA (P=0.0048) and RFT (P=0.0001) were observed in feed restricted cows. However, no differences were found for CCY (P=0.7243) and WBSF (P=0.0759) among feeding level groups. These data suggests that carcass and meat quality traits are not affected by pregnancy status in Nellore cows. Moreover, although cows experiencing feed restriction did have reduced deposition of subcutaneous fat and lean tissue, there were no major impacts on meat quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Duarte
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Araújo WAG, Albino LFT, Sakomura NK, Paulino PVR, Campos AM. Meat quality in “in door” and “out door” production systems of poultry and swine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/ojas.2011.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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