1
|
Chen RL, Ip PP, Shaw JJ, Wang YH, Fan LH, Shen YL, Joseph NA, Chen TE, Chen LY. Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (ATG)-Free Nonmyeloablative Haploidentical PBSCT Plus Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide Is a Safe and Efficient Treatment Approach for Pediatric Acquired Aplastic Anemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315192. [PMID: 36499545 PMCID: PMC9739033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cases of acquired aplastic anemia (AA) arise from autoimmune destruction of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-haploidentical nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) plus post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is increasingly applied to salvage AA using bone marrow as graft and anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) in conditioning. Herein, we characterize a cohort of twelve AA patients clinically and molecularly, six who possessed other immunological disorders (including two also carrying germline SAMD9L mutations). Each patient with SAMD9L mutation also carried an AA-related rare BCORL1 variant or CTLA4 p.T17A GG genotype, respectively, and both presented short telomere lengths. Six of the ten patients analyzed harbored AA-risky HLA polymorphisms. All patients recovered upon non-HSCT (n = 4) or HSCT (n = 8) treatments. Six of the eight HSCT-treated patients were subjected to a modified PTCy-based regimen involving freshly prepared peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) as graft and exclusion of ATG. All patients were engrafted between post-transplantation days +13 and +18 and quickly reverted to normal life, displaying a sustained complete hematologic response and an absence of graft-versus-host disease. These outcomes indicate most AA cases, including of the SAMD9L-inherited subtype, are immune-mediated and the modified PTCy-based regimen we present is efficient and safe for salvage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Long Chen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-sen Cancer Center, Taipei 11259, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| | - Peng Peng Ip
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan
| | - Jy-juinn Shaw
- School of Law, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 30093, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hua Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-sen Cancer Center, Taipei 11259, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Shen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan
| | - Nithila A. Joseph
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan
| | - Tsen-Erh Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan
| | - Liuh-Yow Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ip PP, Fang LH, Shen YL, Tung KC, Lai MT, Juan LY, Chen LY, Chen RL. Evolution of Graves' Disease during Immune Reconstitution following Nonmyeloablative Haploidentical Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in a Boy Carrying Germline SAMD9L and FLT3 Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169494. [PMID: 36012751 PMCID: PMC9409095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves’ disease, characterized by hyperthyroidism resulting from loss of immune tolerance to thyroid autoantigens, may be attributable to both genetic and environmental factors. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) represents a means to induce immunotolerance via an artificial immune environment. We present a male patient with severe aplastic anemia arising from a germline SAMD9L missense mutation who successfully underwent HSCT from his HLA-haploidentical SAMD9L non-mutated father together with nonmyeloablative conditioning and post-transplant cyclophosphamide at 8 years of age. He did not suffer graft-versus-host disease, but Graves’ disease evolved 10 months post-transplant when cyclosporine was discontinued for one month. Reconstitution of peripheral lymphocyte subsets was found to be transiently downregulated shortly after Graves’ disease onset but recovered upon antithyroid treatment. Our investigation revealed the presence of genetic factors associated with Graves’ disease, including HLA-B*46:01 and HLA-DRB1*09:01 haplotypes carried by the asymptomatic donor and germline FLT3 c.2500C>T mutation carried by both the patient and the donor. Given his current euthyroid state with normal hematopoiesis, the patient has returned to normal school life. This rare event of Graves’ disease in a young boy arising from special HSCT circumstances indicates that both the genetic background and the HSCT environment can prompt the evolution of Graves’ disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng Ip
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hua Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei City 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Shen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chiun Tung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsong Lai
- Taiwan Genome Industry Alliance Inc., Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ying Juan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei City 112, Taiwan
| | - Liuh-Yow Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-Y.C.); (R.-L.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2897-0011 (L.-Y.C. & R.-L.C.)
| | - Rong-Long Chen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei City 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-Y.C.); (R.-L.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2897-0011 (L.-Y.C. & R.-L.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen RL, Liu CC, Ip PP, Fang LH, Shih LS, Chen LY. Peri-treatment adverse events of primary mediastinal non-seminomatous germ cell tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29781. [PMID: 35593015 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Primary mediastinal non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (PMNSGCT) are rare but life-threatening thoracic cancers. We report our experience from eight patients with peri-treatment adverse events. By analyzing changes in tumor extent, serum tumor markers, and pathologies between diagnosis and transfer, those events could be attributed to postbiopsy respiratory insufficiency, growing teratoma syndrome, secondary histiocytic malignancy, and PMNSGCT progression. Subjecting patients to respiratory therapy, conventional or high-dose chemotherapy, and surgery controlled the disease, with five of the eight patients surviving disease free. These outcomes indicate that integrated appropriate and timely approaches are important in tackling peri-treatment adverse events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Long Chen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chuan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng Peng Ip
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hua Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Sun Shih
- Department of Pathology, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liuh-Yow Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ip PP, Li Q, Lin WH, Chang CC, Fann CSJ, Chen HY, Liu FT, Lebrilla CB, Yang CC, Liao F. Analysis of site-specific glycan profiles of serum proteins in patients with multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder - a pilot study. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1230-1238. [PMID: 34132764 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is important for biological functions of proteins and greatly affected by diseases. Exploring the glycosylation profile of the protein-specific glycosylation and/or the site-specific glycosylation may help understand disease etiology, differentiate diseases, and ultimately develop therapeutics. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are sometimes difficult to differentiate due to the similarity in their clinical symptoms. The disease-related glycosylation profiles of MS and NMOSD have not yet been well studied. Here, we analyzed site-specific glycan profiles of serum proteins of these patients by using a recently developed mass spectrometry technique. A total of 286 glycopeptides from 49 serum glycoproteins were quantified and compared between healthy controls (n = 6), remitting MS (n = 45) and remitting NMOSD (n = 23) patients. Significant differences in the levels of site-specific N-glycans on inflammation-associated components [IgM, IgG1, IgG2, complement components 8b (CO8B), attractin], central nerve system-damage-related serum proteins [apolipoprotein D (APOD), alpha-1-antitrypsin, plasma kallikrein and ADAMTS-like protein 3] were observed among three study groups. We furthered demonstrated that site-specific N-glycans on APOD on site 98, CO8B on sites 243 and 553 are potential markers to differentiate MS from NMOSD with an area under receiver operating curve value greater than 0.75. All these observations indicate that remitting MS or NMOSD patients possess a unique disease-associated glyco-signature in their serum proteins. We conclude that monitoring one's serum protein glycan profile using this high-throughput analysis may provide an additional diagnostic criterion for differentiating diseases, monitoring disease status and estimating response-to-treatment effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng Ip
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Qiongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Wei-Han Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ching Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | - Huan-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Chih-Chao Yang
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Koutsoumpli G, Ip PP, Schepel I, Hoogeboom BN, Boerma A, Daemen T. Alphavirus-based hepatitis C virus therapeutic vaccines: can universal helper epitopes enhance HCV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses? Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2019; 7:2515135519874677. [PMID: 31620673 PMCID: PMC6777054 DOI: 10.1177/2515135519874677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antigen-specific T cell immune responses play a pivotal role in resolving
acute and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Currently, no
prophylactic or therapeutic vaccines against HCV are available. We
previously demonstrated the preclinical potency of therapeutic HCV vaccines
based on recombinant Semliki Forest virus (SFV) replicon particles. However,
clinical trials do not always meet the high expectations of preclinical
studies, thus, optimization of vaccine strategies is crucial. In efforts to
further increase the frequency of HCV-specific immune responses in the
candidate SFV-based vaccines, the authors assessed whether inclusion of
three strong, so-called universal helper T cell epitopes, and an endoplasmic
reticulum localization, and retention signal (collectively termed
sigHELP-KDEL cassette) could enhance HCV-specific immune responses. Methods: We included the sigHELP-KDEL cassette in two of the candidate SFV-based HCV
vaccines, targeting NS3/4A and NS5A/B proteins. We characterized the new
constructs in vitro for the expression and stability of the
transgene-encoded proteins. Their immune efficacy with respect to
HCV-specific immune responses in vivo was compared with the
parental SFV vaccine expressing the corresponding HCV antigen. Further
characterization of the functionality of the HCV-specific CD8+ T
cells was assessed by surface and intracellular cytokine staining and flow
cytometry analysis. Results: Moderate, but significantly, enhanced frequencies of antigen-specific immune
responses were achieved upon lower/suboptimal dosage immunization. In
optimal dosage immunization, the inclusion of the cassette did not further
increase the frequencies of HCV-specific CD8+ T cells when
compared with the parental vaccines and the frequencies of effector and
memory populations were identical. Conclusion: We hypothesize that the additional effect of the sigHELP-KDEL cassette in
SFV-based vaccines depends on the immunogenicity, nature, and stability of
the target antigen expressed by the vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Koutsoumpli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peng Peng Ip
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ilona Schepel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Baukje Nynke Hoogeboom
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Boerma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Toos Daemen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
van de Wall S, Ljungberg K, Ip PP, Boerma A, Knudsen ML, Nijman HW, Liljeström P, Daemen T. Potent therapeutic efficacy of an alphavirus replicon DNA vaccine expressing human papilloma virus E6 and E7 antigens. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1487913. [PMID: 30288352 PMCID: PMC6169581 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1487913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer develops as a result of infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) through persistent expression of early proteins E6 and E7. Our group pioneered a recombinant viral vector system based on Semliki Forest virus (SFV) for vaccination against cervical cancer. The most striking benefit of this alphavirus vector-based vaccine platform is its high potency. DNA vaccines on the other hand, have a major advantage with respect to ease of production. In this study, the benefits associated with both SFV-based vaccines and DNA vaccines were combined with the development of a DNA-launched RNA replicon (DREP) vaccine targeting cervical cancer. Using intradermal delivery followed by electroporation, we demonstrated that DREP encoding for E6,7 (DREP-E6,7) induced effective, therapeutic antitumor immunity. While immunizations with a conventional DNA vaccine did not prevent tumor outgrowth, immunization with a 200-fold lower equimolar dose of DREP (0.05 µg of DREP) resulted in approximately 85% of tumor-free mice. To overcome the safety concern of potential malignant transformation at the vaccination site, we evaluated the anti-tumor effect of a DREP vaccine encoding a shuffled version of E7 (DREP-E7sh). DREP-E7sh delayed tumor growth yet not to the same extent as DREP-E6,7. In addition, inclusion of a helper cassette and an ER targeting signal (sigHelp) did not significantly further enhance the suppression of tumor outgrowth in the long term, albeit exhibiting better tumor control early after immunization. Collectively, this study points towards the clinical evaluation of DREP encoding HPV antigens as a potent immunotherapy for patients with HPV16 (pre)-malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie van de Wall
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Ljungberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peng Peng Ip
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Boerma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria L Knudsen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans W Nijman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Liljeström
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Toos Daemen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ip PP, Nijman HW, Wilschut J, Daemen T. Therapeutic vaccination against chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Antiviral Res 2012; 96:36-50. [PMID: 22841700 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 170 million people worldwide are chronic carriers of Hepatitis C virus (HCV). To date, there is no prophylactic vaccine available against HCV. The standard-of-care therapy for HCV infection involves a combination of pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin. This therapy, which is commonly associated with side effects, has a curative rate varying from 43% (HCV genotype 1) to 80% (HCV genotype 2). In 2011, two direct-acting antiviral agents, telaprevir and boceprevir, were approved by the US Food and drug Administration and are now being used in combination with standard-of-care therapy in selected patients infected with HCV genotype 1. Although both drugs are promising, resulting in a shortening of therapy, these drugs also induce additional side effects and have reduced efficacy in patients who did not respond to standard-of-care previously. An alternative approach would be to treat HCV by stimulating the immune system with a therapeutic vaccine ideally aimed at (i) the eradication of HCV-infected cells and (ii) neutralization of infectious HCV particles. The challenge is to develop therapeutic vaccination strategies that are either at least as effective as antiviral drugs but with lower side effects, or vaccines that, when combined with antiviral drugs, can circumvent long-term use of these drugs thereby reducing their side effects. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent preclinical developments in the area of therapeutic vaccination against chronic HCV infection. Although neutralizing antibodies have been described to exert protective immunity, clinical studies on the induction of neutralizing antibodies in therapeutic settings are limited. Therefore, we will primarily discuss therapeutic vaccines which aim to induce effective cellular immune response against HCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng Ip
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ip PP, Liao F. CXCL10 is required for resistance to dengue virus infection independent of effects on leukocyte recruitment (B54). The Journal of Immunology 2007. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.b54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CXCL10 is an interferon-inducible chemokine ligand for CXCR3, a receptor that is expressed on lymphocytes and that CXCL10 shares with CXCL9 and CXCL11. Previously, we found that CXCL10−/− mice were more susceptible to dengue virus infection as compared with wild-type controls. In this study, we explored the mechanisms underlying this enhanced susceptibility. Viral loads were higher in the brains of CXCL10−/− mice vs. control animals. Presuming a defect in lymphocyte migration, we next investigated whether recruitment of effector T cells and antibody-secreting cells (ASC) to the infected tissues were impaired in CXCL10−/− mice. Unexpectedly, CXCL10−/− mice showed only slightly lower numbers of infiltrating total T cells, higher numbers of CXCR3+ T cells, and higher numbers of ASC in the brain as compared with control mice. These results demonstrate that
CXCL10 is not required for recruitment of CXCR3+ T cells to the brain in dengue virus-infected mice, andthe enhanced susceptibility of CXCL10−/− mice to dengue virus infection is not due to a defect in recruitment of effector lymphocytes, but may be due instead to an anti-viral activity of the chemokine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng Ip
- 1Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan,
| | - Fang Liao
- 1Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan,
- 2Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The short term effect of optic nerve ligature was studied by analysing the lateral genuiclate bodies. There was significant difference in total RNA amount per unit tissue between the contralateral and ipsilateral sides 1 week after ligation. There were, however, no observable difference in the acid phosphatase activity and the quantity of contacts between the two sides. The dopamine receptors on the membranes also were much higher in number in the contralateral side.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wong SL, Ip PP, Yew DT. Comparative ultrastructural study of the optic nerves and visual cortices of young (2.5 months) and old (17 months) mice. Acta Anat (Basel) 1979; 105:426-30. [PMID: 552783 DOI: 10.1159/000145149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aging optic nerves and visual cortices were studied in mice. Changes in the morphology of neuroglia were evident in the optic nerve but no difference in the numbers of neurotubules or myelin sheaths optic nerve fibers in the aged were observed. Large myelinated fibers, however, begun to degenerate. In the aging visual cortices, a higher proportion of dendrodendritic contacts were present and microglia cells were found to be active.
Collapse
|