1
|
Arnaud N, Holtmann M, Melchers P, Klein M, Schimansky G, Krömer T, Reis O, Thomasius R. [Use of Electronic Cigarettes (e-cigs) and e-Shishas by Children and Adolescents: Evidence Paper of the Joint Addiction Commission of the German Societies and Professional Associations of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy]. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 2021; 50:121-132. [PMID: 34668740 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Use of Electronic Cigarettes (e-cigs) and e-Shishas by Children and Adolescents: Evidence Paper of the Joint Addiction Commission of the German Societies and Professional Associations of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Abstract. The particular risks associated with the consumption of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) in children and adolescents are not sufficiently considered in the health policy discourse. The present article evaluates the current dissemination and consumption patterns of e-cigarettes as well as the health risks attached to children and adolescents. Based on data from current national and international studies, there has been a clear increase in the consumption of e-cigarettes over the past years. This stands in sharp contrast to the overall decline in tobacco consumption among both children and adolescents in Germany. Young people without tobacco experience are now consuming more frequently e-cigarettes than those who occasionally or regularly use tobacco. They also are experimenting more frequently with conventional cigarettes if they have previously consumed e-cigarettes. The largely unregulated availability of e-cigarette products to the newest generation, such as JUUL, led to a dramatic increase in their prevalence among high-school students in the USA. Products with high nicotine content and multiple flavors are being marketed intensively as trendy lifestyle products to young user groups via advertising and social media campaigns. These products are also becoming increasingly relevant in Germany. The success of tobacco prevention in recent years is presently jeopardized by the ongoing effective advertising for e-cigarettes. The Addiction Commission of the German Child and Youth Psychiatric Federations and Scientific Societies therefore call for an immediate, strict, and comprehensive ban of e-cigarette advertising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Arnaud
- Deutsches Zentrum für Suchtfragen des Kindes- und Jugendalters (DZSKJ), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Martin Holtmann
- LWL-Universitätsklinik Hamm der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Hamm
| | - Peter Melchers
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Klinikum Oberberg, Kreiskrankenhaus Gummersbach und Klinik Marienheide, Gummersbach
| | | | - Gisela Schimansky
- Praxis für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie Dr. Schimansky, Hannover
| | - Thomas Krömer
- Gemeinschaftspraxis für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychotherapie & Psychosomatik, Hamburg
| | - Olaf Reis
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Neurologie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock
| | - Rainer Thomasius
- Deutsches Zentrum für Suchtfragen des Kindes- und Jugendalters (DZSKJ), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Paschke K, Holtmann M, Melchers P, Klein M, Schimansky G, Krömer T, Reis O, Wartberg L, Thomasius R. [Media-associated disorders in childhood and adolescence: Evidence paper of the joint addiction commision of the German societies and professional associations of child and adolescent psychiatry and psychotherapy]. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 2020; 48:303-317. [PMID: 32614281 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Media-associated disorders in childhood and adolescence: Evidence paper of the joint addiction commision of the German societies and professional associations of child and adolescent psychiatry and psychotherapy Abstract. Media-associated disorders (MAD) describe the problematic use of the internet, certain electronic devices in general as well as digital applications. During childhood and adolescence, digital games and social media are the most commonly used applications. In May 2019, as first MAD "gaming disorder" was included as a clinical diagnosis in the ICD-11. The prevalence of MAD in German children and adolescents is estimated to lie between 3 % and 5 %. In most cases, MAD are accompanied by psychiatric comorbidities. MAD ensue because of dysfunctional learning processes in combination with general and specific risk factors. They are associated with neural changes like those of substance-associated addictions. Diagnostics can be based on validated questionnaires and clinical exploration, though a standardized diagnostic path is not yet common. Treatment depends on the level of severity and generally comprises outpatient, day-clinic, and inpatient therapy approaches with elements from cognitive-behavioral therapy and under parental involvement. Suitable treatments are not yet available in all German regions and have also not been sufficiently evaluated. Moreover, only a few studies exist on the efficacy of prevention measures addressing MAD in children and adolescents. Thus, further research is strongly required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Paschke
- Deutsches Zentrum für Suchtfragen des Kindes- und Jugendalters (DZSKJ), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Martin Holtmann
- vLWL-Universitätsklinik Hamm der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Hamm
| | - Peter Melchers
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Klinikum Oberberg, Kreiskrankenhaus Gummersbach und Klinik Marienheide, Gummersbach
| | | | | | - Thomas Krömer
- Gemeinschaftspraxis für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychotherapie & Psychosomatik, Hamburg
| | - Olaf Reis
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Neurologie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Universität Rostock, Rostock
| | - Lutz Wartberg
- Fakultät für Humanwissenschaften, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg
| | - Rainer Thomasius
- Deutsches Zentrum für Suchtfragen des Kindes- und Jugendalters (DZSKJ), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Böhm J, Hermann H, Melchers P, Sappok T. [Validity of the Scale of Pervasive Developmental Disorder in a Clinical Sample of Adults with Intellectual Disability]. Psychiatr Prax 2020; 48:37-43. [PMID: 32659791 DOI: 10.1055/a-1202-2967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study assesses the diagnostic validity of the Scale of Pervasive Developmental Disorder in Mentally Retarded Persons (PDD-MRS). METHODS Unblinded conduct of PDD-MRS in a clinical psychiatric sample of adults with intellectual disability (ID; N = 109) and suspect of autism. RESULTS For a cut-off-score of 10, sensitivity was 89 %, specificity 62 % and the Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0.83. The total score was independent of age, gender and level of ID. However the diagnostic validity was better balanced in adults with mild to moderate ID (sensitivity/specificity: 85 %/73 %) compared to those with severe to profound ID (93 %/42 %). The SEAS-M total score was correlated with various ASD screening measures (r = .3-.6), while no correlation was found for scales assessing challenging behavior. CONCLUSION To conclude, the PDD-MRS is a screening instrument for diagnosing autism in adults with mild to moderate ID. Knowledge of the PDD-MRS results within the consensus conference may have led to an overestimation of its diagnostic validity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Böhm
- Ev. Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Abteilung für psychische Gesundheit bei intellektuellen Entwicklungsstörungen.,Freie Universität Berlin, Fakultät für Erziehungswissenschaft und Psychologie, Zentrum für seelische Gesundheit
| | - Hauke Hermann
- Ev. Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Abteilung für psychische Gesundheit bei intellektuellen Entwicklungsstörungen
| | - Peter Melchers
- Klinikum Oberberg, Kreiskrankenhaus Gummersbach und Klinik Marienheide, Abteilung für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik
| | - Tanja Sappok
- Ev. Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Abteilung für psychische Gesundheit bei intellektuellen Entwicklungsstörungen
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Holtmann M, Thomasius R, Melchers P, Klein M, Schimansky G, Krömer T, Reis O. Anforderungen an die stationäre medizinische Rehabilitation für Jugendliche mit substanzbedingten Erkrankungen. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 2018. [PMID: 29521187 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Holtmann
- 1 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie (DGKJP)
| | - Rainer Thomasius
- 1 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie (DGKJP)
| | - Peter Melchers
- 1 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie (DGKJP)
| | - Marianne Klein
- 1 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie (DGKJP)
| | - Gisela Schimansky
- 1 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie (DGKJP)
| | - Thomas Krömer
- 1 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie (DGKJP)
| | - Olaf Reis
- 1 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie (DGKJP)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Langenbach T, Spönlein A, Overfeld E, Wiltfang G, Quecke N, Scherbaum N, Melchers P, Hebebrand J. Axis I comorbidity in adolescent inpatients referred for treatment of substance use disorders. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2010; 4:25. [PMID: 20920182 PMCID: PMC2956714 DOI: 10.1186/1753-2000-4-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess comorbid DSM-IV-TR Axis I disorders in adolescent inpatients referred for treatment of substance use disorders. METHODS 151 patients (mean age 16.95 years, SD = 1.76; range 13 - 22) were consecutively assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and standardized clinical questionnaires to assess mental disorders, symptom distress, psychosocial variables and detailed aspects of drug use. A consecutively referred subgroup of these 151 patients consisting of 65 underage patients (mean age 16.12, SD = 1.10; range 13 - 17) was additionally assessed with the modules for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD) using The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for school-aged children (K-SADS-PL). RESULTS 128 (84.8%) of the 151 patients were dependent on at least one substance, the remaining patients fulfilled diagnostic criteria for abuse only. 40.5% of the participants fulfilled criteria for at least one comorbid present Axis I disorder other than substance use disorders (67.7% in the subgroup additionally interviewed with the K-SADS-PL). High prevalences of present mood disorder (19.2%), somatoform disorders (9.3%), and anxiety disorders (22.5%) were found. The 37 female participants showed a significantly higher risk for lifetime comorbid disorders; the gender difference was significantly pronounced for anxiety and somatoform disorders. Data from the underage subgroup revealed a high prevalence for present CD (41.5%). 33% of the 106 patients (total group) who were within the mandatory school age had not attended school for at least a two-month period prior to admission. In addition, 51.4% had been temporarily expelled from school at least once. CONCLUSIONS The present data validates previous findings of high psychiatric comorbidity in adolescent patients with substance use disorders. The high rates of school refusal and conduct disorder indicate the severity of psychosocial impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Langenbach
- LVR Klinikum Essen - Kliniken/Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen; Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters; Virchowstraße 174; 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Spönlein
- Kreiskrankenhaus Gummersbach - Klinik Marienheide; Leppestraße 65-67; 51709 Marienheide, Germany
| | - Eva Overfeld
- LVR Klinikum Essen - Kliniken/Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen; Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters; Virchowstraße 174; 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Gaby Wiltfang
- LVR Klinikum Essen - Kliniken/Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen; Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters; Virchowstraße 174; 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Niklas Quecke
- LVR Klinikum Essen - Kliniken/Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen; Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters; Virchowstraße 174; 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- LVR Klinikum Essen - Kliniken/Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen; Klinik für abhängiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin; Virchowstraße 174; 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Melchers
- Kreiskrankenhaus Gummersbach - Klinik Marienheide; Leppestraße 65-67; 51709 Marienheide, Germany
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- LVR Klinikum Essen - Kliniken/Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen; Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters; Virchowstraße 174; 45147 Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schürmann S, Scholten S, Melchers P. [The Kaufman Test System during adolescence: structure and application of the Kaufman-Test zur Intelligenzmessung (K-TIM)]. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 2010; 38:273-82. [PMID: 20617497 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Kaufman-Test zur Intelligenzmessung (K-TIM) is the German-language adaptation of the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test, serving the sophisticated assessment of intellectual abilities within the age range from 11 to over 85 years. Founded on the respective models of cognitive development by Horn and Cattell, Luria, and Piaget, the battery comprises 10 subtests, structured into fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, and assessment of delayed recall, reflecting the test concept. METHOD In addition to early trials during the translation and adaptation as well as the novel construction of items with a high verbal or cultural load, studies to evaluate test criteria were performed stepwise. Norms for the final version were developed using a sample of 2,320 persons from Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and South Tyrol. Also, test criteria were analyzed again. RESULTS Test reliability was very high (.96 to .98 for the scales). Validity of the developmental criterion important in adolescence, and that of the construct criterion was ensured by means of correlational and factor analyses. Concurrent validity was confirmed using correlational studies with other tests as external criteria. CONCLUSIONS The adaptation did not result in any structural changes within the test concept. For the German-speaking countries as well the K-TIM is thus an interesting alternative to the differential assessment of intelligence in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schürmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters der Universität zu Köln, Robert-Koch-Strasse 10, DE - 50931 Köln.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ravens-Sieberer U, Patrick PD, Benz B, Calaminus G, Flechtner H, Melchers P, Patrick P, Schäfer B, Suhr L, Schrod L, Ure B, Willadino-Braga L. Quality of life in children with traumatic brain injury--basic issues, assessment, and recommendations. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2003; 20:151-9. [PMID: 12454363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
An international Task Force was convened under the guidance of BMBF Conference so as to review the "State of the art" for measuring quality of life (QoL) in children who have suffered traumatic brain injury (TBI). After expert review of instruments and evaluation of two independent literature reviews this work group established "inclusion criteria" for the review of current tools that could contribute to the measurement of QoL in children with TBI. Six instruments were determined to meet all or most of the criteria required to be used in current clinical practice and research for children with TBI.
Collapse
|
9
|
Melchers P, Maluck A, Suhr L, Scholten S, Lehmkuhl G. An Early Onset Rehabilitation Program for Children and Adolescents after Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Methods and First Results. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2003; 14:153-160. [PMID: 12671259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Survived traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are one of the most serious challenges to the patient's future life. Recent literature increasingly questions the long believed protective effects of functional cerebral plasticity in children. Although TBI in children and adolescents is frequent, they are less frequently admitted to rehabilitation centers as in-patients than adults. This emphasizes the role of out-patient treatment. The progressing study described here aims to achieve a contribution to a comprehensive approach in TBI-rehabilitation for youngsters. A two-stage multimethodal program, starting with stimulation in coma while the patient is on the intensive care unit, and neuropsychological therapy after regaining consciousness is to be evaluated in a controlled, prospective and randomized study. After including nearly 50 % of the planned sample (100 persons), some preliminary results can be mentioned with all applicable caution. The effectiveness of the applied therapy can be stated here with respect to the posttraumatic development of intellectual abilities in the 6- and 12 months follow ups. Moreover, in the control group development of psychopathological alterations was found to a considerable degree and also lower ratings in a quality of life questionnaire, compared to the experimental group. It is expected to prove these differences statistically, after the total sample has been included, and thus equal distributions have been achieved in all predictive variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Melchers
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of Children and Adolescents, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
von Gontard A, Zerres K, Backes M, Laufersweiler-Plass C, Wendland C, Melchers P, Lehmkuhl G, Rudnik-Schöneborn S. Intelligence and cognitive function in children and adolescents with spinal muscular atrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2002; 12:130-6. [PMID: 11738354 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(01)00274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy is a chronic disease characterised by loss of motor function. The aim of the study was to analyse cognitive functions in a large group of patients with spinal muscular atrophy. It was hypothesised that their intelligence is comparable to controls, but not above average as previously postulated. Ninety-six children and adolescents with spinal muscular atrophy I-III, aged 6.0-18.11 years, 45 non-affected siblings and 59 healthy, matched controls were examined with one- (CPM/SPM), as well as multi-dimensional intelligence tests (Kaufman-ABC; Wechsler tests). The mean IQ measured with the CPM/SPM tests was 109.6 for the spinal muscular atrophy group, 107.3 for the sibs and 104.1 for the healthy controls (no significant difference). In the older children and adolescents (SPM only) the mean IQ was significantly higher for the spinal muscular atrophy patients (109.6) than for the controls (95.4). The standard score in the 'mental processing composite' scale of the Kaufman-ABC was identical in the spinal muscular atrophy group and controls (103.8). The cognitive profile was relatively homogeneous. However, the older children and adolescents did have a significantly higher verbal IQ (113.8) than controls (104.6) in the Wechsler tests. There were no significant differences in any of the tests among different grades of severity (spinal muscular atrophy types I-III). It can be concluded that children and adolescents with spinal muscular atrophy have a general intelligence in the normal range. By adolescence, environmentally mediated aspects of intelligence are higher in patients with spinal muscular atrophy. It could be speculated that the development of cognitive skills and knowledge is a creative way to compensate the many restrictions due to their physical handicap.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A von Gontard
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch- Strasse 10, 50931 Köln, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Flo� S, Melchers P, E�er KJ. Entwicklungspsychologische Verlaufsbeobachtung eines Kinds mit Trisomie-8-Mosaik-Syndrom und Corpus-callossum-Agenesie. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/s001120050780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Die Folgezustände eines schweren Schädel-Hirn-Traumas für das neuropsychologische Leistungsverhalten sind oft sehr weitgehend und beeinträchtigen die spätere soziale Integration der betroffenen Kinder erheblich. Dennoch ergibt sich weder im Verhalten noch im Leistungsbereich ein typisches Syndrommuster, das einem regelhaft auftretenden psychoorganischen Syndrom (POS) entspricht. Aufgrund eigener empirischer Ergebnisse wird deshalb gefordert, die Beurteilung der Auswirkungen eines Schädel-Hirn-Traumas mit spezifischen Untersuchungsmethoden für die psychopathologischen und neuropsychologischen Defizite getrennt voneinander zu erheben. Die sich aus einem solchen differenzierten Vorgehen ableitbaren Befunde besitzen nicht nur akademische Bedeutung, denn erst durch ein entsprechend gründliches Vorgehen lassen sich funktionsspezifische Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen einleiten, die im Interesse der sozialen, schulischen und emotionalen Entwicklung der betroffenen Kinder möglichst früh und gezielt eingesetzt werden sollten.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Lehmkuhl
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendaltersder Universität zu Köln
| | - Peter Melchers
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendaltersder Universität zu Köln
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Melchers P, Lehmkuhl G. Neuropsychologische Diagnostik im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 2000. [DOI: 10.1024//1422-4917.28.3.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Bei einer Vielzahl von Fragestellungen und Störungsbildern sollte neuropsychologische Diagnostik einen festen Stellenwert haben, sowohl in der initialen wie auch in der Verlaufsbeurteilung. Mit Blick auf die Anwendung in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie ist zunächst eine beschreibende Definition dieses Bereichs psychologischer Diagnostik zu versuchen. Dabei bestehen methodisch grundlegend unterschiedliche Zugangswege, die in ihren Auswirkungen auf Psychometrie wie Interpretation zu erörtern sind. Unabhängig davon, dass die gegenwärtige Verfügbarkeit standardisierter neuropsychologischer Diagnostik nur in einigen Bereichen befriedigen kann, wird eine Darstellung der in klinischer Praxis und/oder Forschung anwendbaren Verfahren versucht. Neben einzelnen Testbatterien werden Einzeltestverfahren für die Bereiche visuelle und auditive Gedächtnisfunktionen, Aufmerksamkeitsfunktionen, sprachassoziierte Funktionen und Exekutivfunktionen besprochen. Der aktuelle Stand neuropsychologischer Diagnostik führt zu wesentlichen Aufgaben ihrer Weiterentwicklung. Dies gilt sowohl für kurzfristig erreichbare Ziele wie Adaptation oder Normierung verfügbarer Instrumente als auch für längerfristige Forschungsaufgaben.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. Melchers
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters (Direktor: Professor Dr. G. Lehmkuhl), Universität zu Köln, Köln
| | - G. Lehmkuhl
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters (Direktor: Professor Dr. G. Lehmkuhl), Universität zu Köln, Köln
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Melchers P, Lehmkuhl G. [Neuropsychological testing in childhood and adolescence]. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 2000; 28:177-87. [PMID: 11008343 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917.28.3.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Among a number of issues and disorder pictures neuropsychological diagnostics should occupy a solid position, both in the initial assessment, as well as in that of the course. With an eye towards its use in child and adolescent psychiatry, a descriptive definition of this area of psychological diagnostics must be provided. In so doing, several essentially different approaches arise, whose effects on psychometrics and interpretation must be examined. Regardless of the fact that the current availability of standardized neuropsychological diagnostics is satisfactory only in certain areas, the methods used in clinical practice and/or research are presented. In addition to the individual test batteries, individual test methods for the areas of visual and auditory memory functions, attention functions, functions associated with speech, and executive functions are discussed. The current status of neuropsychological diagnostics generates essential tasks towards its further development. This is true with regard to goals attainable in the short term, such as adaptation or standardization of available instruments, as well as for long-term research tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Melchers
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters der Universität zu Köln
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Melchers P, Maluck A, Suhr L, Scholten S, Lehmkuhl G. An early onset rehabilitation program for children and adolescents after traumatic brain injury (TBI): Methods and first results. Restor Neurol Neurosci 1999; 14:153-160. [PMID: 22387511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Survived traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are one of the most serious challenges to the patient's future life. Recent literature increasingly questions the long believed protective effects of functional cerebral plasticity in children. Although TBI in children and adolescents is frequent, they are less frequently admitted to rehabilitation centers as in-patients than adults. This emphasizes the role of out-patient treatment. The progressing study described here aims to achieve a contribution to a comprehensive approach in TBI-rehabilitation for youngsters. A two-stage multimethodal program, starting with stimulation in coma while the patient is on the intensive care unit, and neuropsychological therapy after regaining consciousness is to be evaluated in a controlled, prospective and randomized study. After including nearly 50 % of the planned sample (100 persons), some preliminary results can be mentioned with all applicable caution. The effectiveness of the applied therapy can be stated here with respect to the posttraumatic development of intellectual abilities in the 6- and 12 months follow ups. Moreover, in the control group development of psychopathological alterations was found to a considerable degree and also lower ratings in a quality of life questionnaire, compared to the experimental group. It is expected to prove these differences statistically, after the total sample has been included, and thus equal distributions have been achieved in all predictive variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Melchers
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of Children and Adolescents, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Maluck A, Melchers P. [Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children. Differential evaluation of (partial) intellectual ability of mentally handicapped adults]. Nervenarzt 1998; 69:1007-14. [PMID: 9859123 DOI: 10.1007/s001150050376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of the Kaufman-Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) was evaluated with a sample of 50 mentally disabled adults in a wide age range, as there exist no special tests for this group of patients. Intercorrelation--and factor analyses, and correlations with the German adaptation of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (HAWIE-R) proved the use of the K-ABC to be valid. As an assessment battery for children designed for the wide age range from 2-6 to 12-5 years is more adequate to the capability of intellectually impaired adults, the K-ABC delivers results on individual strengths and weaknesses, based on a neuropsychological theory. Thus the individual cognitive abilities can be assessed with more differentiation, and that gives an important base for intervention, partial remediation, and placement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Maluck
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universität zu Köln
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Melchers P, Preuss U. [Revision of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children for German speaking regions. Part 2: Areas of application and criteria of reliability]. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr 1992; 20:223-31. [PMID: 1288031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation, structure and standardization of the German version of the K-ABC, a test of intelligence and achievement in children comprising 16 subtests, were discussed in the first part of this article. Part 2 deals with aspects of test administration intended to make the procedure simple, objective and appealing to children. Also discussed are possibilities for internal and external comparison of test scores, approaches to interpretation and ideas for remedial measures that are an integrated feature of the K-ABC concept. Assessment of numerous psychometric properties of the K-ABC demonstrated the reliability and validity of this test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Melchers
- Psychologisches Institut I, Universität zu Köln
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Melchers P, Preuss U. [Adaptation of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children for German- speaking areas. Part 1: Introduction of the battery]. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr 1992; 20:85-93. [PMID: 1509823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The German version of the K-ABC is an adaptation of Alan and Nadeen Kaufman's test, published in the USA in 1983. The battery comprises a total of 16 subtests, organized in different scales, for the assessment of mental processing and achievement in children in the age range of 2-6 to 12-5 years. The underlying theory of intelligence measurement is based on findings in the fields of cognitive psychology and neuropsychology. It differentiates from sequential simultaneous information processing. The present article provides information about adaptation and structure of the German version, and about the standardization performed with a sample of 3098 children. Part 2 of this article, to appear soon, will survey application of the test battery, diagnostic relevance, and reliability and validity scores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Melchers
- Psychologisches Institut I, Universität zu Köln
| | | |
Collapse
|