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Schuller M, Raggiaschi R, Mikolcevic P, Rack JGM, Ariza A, Zhang Y, Ledermann R, Tang C, Mikoc A, Ahel I. Molecular basis for the reversible ADP-ribosylation of guanosine bases. Mol Cell 2023:S1097-2765(23)00457-4. [PMID: 37390817 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Modification of nucleic acids by ADP-ribosylation is catalyzed by various ADP-ribosyltransferases, including the DarT enzyme. The latter is part of the bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) system DarTG, which was shown to provide control of DNA replication and bacterial growth as well as protection against bacteriophages. Two subfamilies have been identified, DarTG1 and DarTG2, which are distinguished by their associated antitoxins. While DarTG2 catalyzes reversible ADP-ribosylation of thymidine bases employing a macrodomain as antitoxin, the DNA ADP-ribosylation activity of DarTG1 and the biochemical function of its antitoxin, a NADAR domain, are as yet unknown. Using structural and biochemical approaches, we show that DarT1-NADAR is a TA system for reversible ADP-ribosylation of guanosine bases. DarT1 evolved the ability to link ADP-ribose to the guanine amino group, which is specifically hydrolyzed by NADAR. We show that guanine de-ADP-ribosylation is also conserved among eukaryotic and non-DarT-associated NADAR members, indicating a wide distribution of reversible guanine modifications beyond DarTG systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Schuller
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Petra Mikolcevic
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Johannes G M Rack
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Antonio Ariza
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - YuGeng Zhang
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Christoph Tang
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andreja Mikoc
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Gonzalez L, Domingo-Muelas A, Duart-Abadia P, Nuñez M, Mikolcevic P, Llonch E, Cubillos-Rojas M, Cánovas B, Forrow SMA, Morante-Redolat JM, Fariñas I, Nebreda AR. The atypical CDK activator RingoA/Spy1 regulates exit from quiescence in neural stem cells. iScience 2023; 26:106202. [PMID: 36876138 PMCID: PMC9982312 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult mammalian brain, most neural stem cells (NSCs) are held in a reversible state of quiescence, which is essential to avoid NSC exhaustion and determine the appropriate neurogenesis rate. NSCs of the mouse adult subependymal niche provide neurons for olfactory circuits and can be found at different depths of quiescence, but very little is known on how their quiescence-to-activation transition is controlled. Here, we identify the atypical cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activator RingoA as a regulator of this process. We show that the expression of RingoA increases the levels of CDK activity and facilitates cell cycle entry of a subset of NSCs that divide slowly. Accordingly, RingoA-deficient mice exhibit reduced olfactory neurogenesis with an accumulation of quiescent NSCs. Our results indicate that RingoA plays an important role in setting the threshold of CDK activity required for adult NSCs to exit quiescence and may represent a dormancy regulator in adult mammalian tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gonzalez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Domingo-Muelas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Pere Duart-Abadia
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Marc Nuñez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Petra Mikolcevic
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Llonch
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Cubillos-Rojas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Cánovas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen M A Forrow
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Morante-Redolat
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Isabel Fariñas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Isoda M, Mikolcevic P, Nebreda AR. New insights into Cdk2 regulation during meiosis. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2681-2. [PMID: 27384249 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1204856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michitaka Isoda
- a Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) , Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Petra Mikolcevic
- a Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) , Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- a Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) , Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Barcelona , Spain.,b Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) , Barcelona , Spain
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Abstract
PCTAIRE kinases (PCTK) are a highly conserved, but poorly characterized, subgroup of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). They are characterized by a conserved catalytic domain flanked by N- and C-terminal extensions that are involved in cyclin binding. Vertebrate genomes contain three highly similar PCTAIRE kinases (PCTK1,2,3, a.k.a., CDK16,17,18), which are most abundant in post-mitotic cells in brain and testis. Consistent with this restricted expression pattern, PCTK1 (CDK16) has recently been shown to be essential for spermatogenesis. PCTAIREs are activated by cyclin Y (CCNY), a highly conserved single cyclin fold protein. By binding to N-myristoylated CCNY, CDK16 is targeted to the plasma membrane. Unlike conventional cyclin-CDK interactions, binding of CCNY to CDK16 not only requires the catalytic domain, but also domains within the N-terminal extension. Interestingly, phosphorylation within this domain blocks CCNY binding, providing a novel means of cyclin-CDK regulation. By using these functional characteristics, we analyzed "PCTAIRE" sequence containing protein kinase genes in genomes of various organisms and found that CCNY and CCNY-dependent kinases are restricted to eumetazoa and possibly evolved along with development of a central nervous system. Here, we focus on the structure and regulation of PCTAIREs and discuss their established functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Mikolcevic
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Barisic M, Sohm B, Mikolcevic P, Wandke C, Rauch V, Ringer T, Hess M, Bonn G, Geley S. Spindly/CCDC99 is required for efficient chromosome congression and mitotic checkpoint regulation. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:1968-81. [PMID: 20427577 PMCID: PMC2883941 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e09-04-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Spindly is required for kinetochore localization of cytoplasmic dynein, which is essential for poleward movement of chromosomes and for kinetochore protein streaming. In addition, Spindly controls the activity and kinetochore abundance of the RZZ complex, which contributes to microtubule attachment and mitotic checkpoint activity. Spindly recruits a fraction of cytoplasmic dynein to kinetochores for poleward movement of chromosomes and control of mitotic checkpoint signaling. Here we show that human Spindly is a cell cycle–regulated mitotic phosphoprotein that interacts with the Rod/ZW10/Zwilch (RZZ) complex. The kinetochore levels of Spindly are regulated by microtubule attachment and biorientation induced tension. Deletion mutants lacking the N-terminal half of the protein (NΔ253), or the conserved Spindly box (ΔSB), strongly localized to kinetochores and failed to respond to attachment or tension. In addition, these mutants prevented the removal of the RZZ complex and that of MAD2 from bioriented chromosomes and caused cells to arrest at metaphase, showing that RZZ-Spindly has to be removed from kinetochores to terminate mitotic checkpoint signaling. Depletion of Spindly by RNAi, however, caused cells to arrest in prometaphase because of a delay in microtubule attachment. Surprisingly, this defect was alleviated by codepletion of ZW10. Thus, Spindly is not only required for kinetochore localization of dynein but is a functional component of a mechanism that couples dynein-dependent poleward movement of chromosomes to their efficient attachment to microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Barisic
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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